犬尿结石的化学成分分析研究

应用物理学特征观察、化学定性分析、X射线衍射分析等方法,分析了临床收集的1份犬肾结石样品、2份犬膀胱结石样品的化学成分,并根据结石的形成原因、机理探讨其防治方法.结果表明:肾结石样品为混合型结石,主要成分为水合磷酸氢镁、水合磷酸铁及水合磷酸钙,另外还可能含有少量水合硫酸钙;2份膀胱结石样品主要成分均为六水磷酸铵镁.对尿结石的成分分析,有助于了解结石形成机制,为尿结石的防治奠定一定基础.     

3例犬尿结石化学成分分析

用化学分析法和X射线衍射仪分析收集的3份犬尿结石样品成分。结果表明样品1膀胱和尿道结石成分为一水草酸钙;样品2尿道结石和样品3膀胱结石成分均为六水磷酸铵镁。     

一例犬膀胱结石的诊治

犬尿结石是小动物临床上一种常见的较为严重的泌尿系统疾病,按其分布位置可分为肾结石、输尿管结石、膀胱结石、尿道结石,其中以膀胱结石和尿道结石最为常见。犬尿结石大体可以分为草酸钙结石、磷酸钙结石、尿酸(尿酸盐)结石、磷酸铵镁结石、胱氨酸结石、黄嘌呤结石。犬尿结石与日常饮食和尿液的酸碱度有密切关系,通过调节饮食可以有效预防结石的发生。本病通常采用手术方法治疗,但当结     

犬膀胱结石最佳治疗方法初探

尿石症是常见的一种泌尿系统疾病，是由尿液中无机盐或有机盐类形成的结晶物体，尿结石刺激尿路黏膜引起尿血、发炎，尿结石阻塞尿路而致尿淋漓，甚至尿路阻塞。按结石所在位置有肾结石、输尿管结石、膀胱结石以及尿道结石，临床中以膀胱结石多为常见。本实验通过对体重不同的膀胱结石的犬进行手术，从而针对不同大小的犬采用不同方法进行治疗，以节省成本及提高效率。     

犬磷酸铵镁尿石症的临床诊疗研究

正犬磷酸铵镁尿石症是犬常见的泌尿系统疾病,临床上以尿频、尿血、尿淋漓及尿闭为主要特征。据美国明尼苏达州尿结石中心1981-1997年的统计报告,犬尿结石中磷酸铵镁结石占所有结石的49.6%,且肾结石中磷酸铵镁结石占33%,其中1997年占45%。南京某宠物医院门诊于2011-2015年间收治了88例磷酸铵镁结石患犬,我们对病例进行的临床发病、治疗情况进行研究分析,对犬磷酸铵镁尿结石的发病机理进一步探索,为更     

藏獒犬尿结石的诊治

<正>尿结石是由于尿路感染或代谢异常等引起尿中盐类沉积在肾盂、膀胱等形成结石,引起输尿管或尿道发生阻塞性疾病。根据结石阻塞部位可分为肾结石、输尿管结石、膀胱结石、尿道结石。犬尿结石症是指尿路中的无机盐或有机盐类     

手术治疗犬膀胱结石

尿石症是常见的一种泌尿系统疾病,是由尿液中无机盐或有机盐类形成的结晶物体,尿结石刺激尿路黏膜引起尿血、发炎,尿结石阻塞尿路而致尿淋漓,甚至尿路阻塞。按结石所在位置有肾结石、输尿管结石、膀胱结石以及尿道结石,临床中以膀胱结石多为常见。笔者将临床中一例犬膀胱结石的诊断与治疗作一总结。     

乌鲁木齐犬尿石症调查及化学成分分析

为了调查乌鲁木齐市犬尿结石的发病情况,分析发病原因,制定合理的防治措施,于2015年9月~2016年9月期间对乌鲁木齐市4家动物门诊接诊的54例犬结石病例进行分析,膀胱和尿道结石占70.3%(38/54)、膀胱结石占27%(15/54)、肾结石占2.7%(1/54)。通过对手术后所取出的结石进行化验分析,结果显示尿酸盐的混合结石占59.3%(32/54),磷酸铵镁结石占35.2%(19/54),钙结石占5.5%(3/54)。说明在乌鲁木齐尿酸盐混合结石和磷酸铵镁结石为主要结石类型,发病与犬的性别、饮食习惯有较大关系,通过合理的控制饮食、加强营养调控具有一定的预防作用。     

犬尿石症的病因调查及结构成分的分析

本试验旨在应用尿沉渣镜检、扫描电镜观察、X-射线能谱分析和傅立叶变换红外光谱分析等方法研究结石成分及特点,并结合饲养管理进行致石原因分析。本试验选取39例经手术获得的尿结石样本,其中1例为肾结石,33例为膀胱结石,2例为尿道结石,3例为膀胱与尿道结石。检查显示,临床采集的39例尿石样品:草酸钙结石4例(约占10.3%),尿酸盐结石9例(约占23.1%),磷酸铵镁与磷酸钙混合结石26例(约占66.6%)。并对3种结石的形态学、能谱及红外光谱特点进行观察,分析发病与其生活饮食的关系。为临床犬结石的诊断、治疗和预防提供理论依据。     

一例宠物犬膀胱结石的手术治疗

膀胱结石是犬泌尿道结石中最易发生的一种泌尿系统疾病,亦称尿结石.主要指尿路中的无机或有机盐类结晶的凝结物而引起的出血、炎症和阻塞等症状的泌尿器官疾病,多发于中老年犬,且易复发,是犬临床常见的泌尿系统疾病之一.目前结石的发病因素尚不完全清楚,可能与犬的品种、日粮结构、饮水量、细菌感染等有关.根据尿结石分布的位置可分为肾结石、输尿管结石、膀胱结石、尿道结石等.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -