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J. M. Jankovsky K. M. Newkirk M. R. Ilha S. J. Newman 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2013,11(1):63-69
Gliomas are among the most common primary neural tumours of dogs. Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and c‐kit overexpression are associated with increased aggressiveness of gliomas and decreased survival in human beings. COX‐2 is the inducible form of cyclooxygenase, which catalyzes prostaglandin formation and may increase tumour proliferation and angiogenesis. C‐kit is a tyrosine kinase receptor involved in normal cell physiology; c‐kit is upregulated in some canine tumours. In this retrospective study, 20 canine gliomas were identified: 11 (55%) oligodendrogliomas, including 1 anaplastic variant; 1 (5%) oligoastrocytoma; and 8 (40%) astrocytomas, of which 2 were glioblastoma multiforme. None of the gliomas expressed COX‐2. None of the gliomas were immunoreactive for c‐kit, although all three high‐grade tumours had intramural vascular expression. Consequently, COX‐2 inhibitors would likely be ineffective against canine gliomas. C‐kit inhibitors may have an anti‐angiogenic effect in high‐grade gliomas, but would likely be ineffective in low‐ and medium‐grade tumours. 相似文献
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Unilateral intraocular mastocytosis and anterior uveitis in a dog with subcutaneous mast cell tumors
Brendan O. Boostrom Kathryn L. Good David J. Maggs Robert B. Rebhun Jennifer L. Johns Michael S. Kent 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2014,17(2):131-138
A 9‐year‐old male castrated Scottish terrier was referred to the Radiation Oncology Service at the William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for palliative radiation therapy of an incompletely excised, recurrent subcutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT) located over the right scapula, and surgical removal of a perianal MCT. Three weeks after initial presentation and prior to the fifth radiation treatment, the patient was presented with cloudiness of the left eye of 3–7 days duration. Ophthalmic consultation revealed 3+ aqueous flare with a dependent, swirling component filling approximately one‐third of the anterior chamber. Aqueocentesis was performed under general anesthesia. Cytology revealed mast cells with highly atypical morphology and considered most consistent with neoplasia. The patient died 7 months after pathologic diagnosis of MCT on the right shoulder and 2 months after the cytologic diagnosis of malignant mast cells in the left anterior chamber. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of intraocular involvement in a mammal with MCTs, described here as intraocular mastocytosis. 相似文献
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M. G. Wagener S. Leonhard‐Marek J.‐D. Häger C. Pfarrer 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2018,47(3):268-270
Mastitis is a common economically relevant problem in dairy farming. As the major entry for pathogens is the papillary duct, one of the first defence mechanisms is the teat sphincter. This sphincter shows a rhythmic contractility of yet unknown origin. Searching for possible modulatory pacemaker cells, teat sphincters of eight cows were stained immunohistochemically with antibodies against CD117 and vimentin and evaluated microscopically for the presence of telocytes. CD117‐ and vimentin‐positive telocytes with telopodes were found in close contact with smooth muscle cells. Our findings present a first evidence of telocytes in the teat of bovines. 相似文献
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Todd L. Marlo Elizabeth A. Giuliano Cecil P. Moore Gillian C. Shaw Leandro B. C. Teixeira 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2018,21(2):205-209
An eleven‐year‐old, female spayed Boxer dog was diagnosed with a uveal schwannoma (formerly known as the spindle cell tumor of the blue‐eyed dog or SCTBED) despite having a uniformly brown iris. The patient presented to emergency for ocular discomfort, and the right globe was subsequently enucleated due to glaucoma and submitted for histopathology. Upon histopathologic evaluation, a uveal schwannoma was diagnosed and confirmed with immunohistochemical staining. Complete metastatic evaluation 1 and 6 months after initial presentation did not reveal evidence of metastasis, and the dog remains systemically healthy. This case represents a unique variant of uveal schwannoma and is relevant because although the vast majority of these tumors occur in blue‐eyed dogs, clinicians should not completely rule out this tumor as a differential based on the iris color. 相似文献
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Evaluation of Pax5 expression and comparison with BLA.36 and CD79αcy in feline non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
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R. Felisberto J. Matos M. Alves J. Cabeçadas J. Henriques 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2017,15(4):1257-1268
Paired box gene 5 (Pax5) is a widely used B‐cell marker for human and canine non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (nHL); however, in the literature there is only one case report using Pax5 in a cat B‐cell lymphoma. The purposes of this study were to investigate the expression and detection of B‐cell specific activator protein (BSAP) using a monoclonal anti‐Pax5 antibody in feline nHL (FnHL) tissue samples to evaluate its diagnostic relevance as a B‐cell marker. A total of 45 FnHL samples in 45 cats were evaluated. B‐cell lymphoma was the most common immunophenotype (51.1%) for all the samples and T‐cell the most common immunophenotype (64.3%) for the gastrointestinal (GI) form. Pax5 stained 82.6% of all B‐cell lymphomas and no expression was found in any of the T‐cell lymphomas. Anti‐Pax5 antibody staining in FnHL is similar to that reported in human and canine counterparts and may offer an excellent B‐cell marker in cats. 相似文献
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Matthew J. Atherton Samantha Vazquez‐Sanmartin Sam Sharpe Elspeth M. Waugh Joanna S. Morris 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2017,46(3):520-525
A 10‐year‐old crossbred dog was presented with a 6‐week history of hematemesis, melena, anorexia, and lethargy. Clinical evaluation revealed a gastric mass with a regional lymphadenomegaly as well as a monoclonal gammopathy manifesting as hyperglobulinemia. Cytologic and histopathologic analyses were consistent with a round cell neoplasm; neoplastic cells showed nuclear immunoreactivity for MUM1 and diffuse cytoplasmic reactivity for CD3. Polymerase chain reactions performed on fixed and fresh tissue identified a clonal rearrangement with an IgH primer set. An extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) was confirmed by cellular morphology and molecular diagnostics. Following an objective response to chemotherapy, the dog was euthanized 8 months after diagnosis, and a postmortem examination confirmed the clinical findings. This is the first reported case of a monoclonal gammopathy secondary to a gastric EMP coupled with aberrant expression of CD3 in an aggressive plasmacytic tumor, and highlights the utility of molecular diagnostics for classifying atypical hemolymphoid neoplasms. 相似文献
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Choi US Philippe L Alleman AR Kim MS Lee KC 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2012,41(1):153-157
A 6-year-old intact female Pointer dog was presented for evaluation of acute onset of ataxia, circling, and head tilt. Neurologic assessment revealed overall decreased postural reaction, left-sided hemiparesis with incoordination, rigidity of fore- and hindlimbs, strabismus of the right eye, and bilateral horizontal nystagmus. Using magnetic resonance imaging, a mass lesion was identified in the cerebrum adjacent to the left side of the cerebellum compressing the brain stem ventrally. The mass was incompletely resected, and during surgery fine-needle aspiration and biopsy of the mass were performed. Cytologically, smears were highly cellular and contained predominantly small to medium-sized discrete round cells with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios and round nuclei with rare deep clefts or indentation, smooth chromatin, and indistinct nucleoli. Numerous cytoplasmic fragments were noted in the background. The primary diagnosis was lymphoma; other differential diagnoses included neuroendocrine tumor and poorly differentiated tumor of neural origin. The histologic diagnosis was lymphoma, and the lesion was presumed to be metastatic. On immunohistochemical analysis, the cells expressed neither CD3 nor CD79a. Re-examination of the histologic section revealed disorganized sheets of cells with multifocal palisading and perivascular arrangements of rosette-like structures. An expanded panel of antibodies to vimentin, cytokeratin, glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), synaptophysin (SYN), S-100, and CD45 was applied to histologic sections. Neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for vimentin, NSE, and S-100. Based on the histologic appearance and immunophenotype of the tumor, a diagnosis of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) was made. PNET, although rare in dogs, should be considered as a differential diagnosis for round cell tumors in the brain. 相似文献
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Rodrigo Antonio Lopes Tereza Cristina Cardoso Maria Cecília Rui Luvizotto Alexandre Lima De Andrade 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(2):69-75
Purpose To detect the occurrence and expression of the suppressor gene p53 and of the oncogene c‐Myc in eyelid tumors of dogs using the PCR, RT‐PCR, PCR‐ELISA and RT‐PCR‐ELISA techniques. These genes have not been described in dog eyelid tumors before. Methods Nine samples of eyelid or third eyelid epithelial tumors were obtained from the archives of the Department of Veterinary Pathology. Tumor diagnosis was confirmed by evaluation of hematoxylin‐eosin stained sections, and immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and vimentin V9. A canine mammary tumor was used for positive control. Agarose gel electrophoresis, PCR‐ELISA and RT‐PCR‐ELISA were used to detect p53 and c‐Myc genes. Results The occurrence of p53 was detected in most of the eyelid tumors and third eyelid tumors studied (88.8%, n = 8) and was expressed in 75% of the positive samples, as indicated by ELISA. The c‐Myc gene was found in 77.7% (n = 7) of the samples and was expressed in eight samples. Conclusions Eyelid and third eyelid tumors of dogs express both the p53 and the c‐Myc genes as shown by PCR and RT‐PCR. However, PCR ELISA and RT‐PCR ELISA were more efficient in assessing occurrence and expression of these genes because they identified amplified products that were not detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. 相似文献
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Douglas H. Thamm Anne C. Avery Davide Berlato Julie Bulman‐Fleming Craig A. Clifford A. Elizabeth Hershey Joanne L. Intile Pamela D. Jones Debra A. Kamstock Julius M. Liptak Alana Pavuk John Peauroi Roger Powell Kerry Rissetto Victor E. O. Valli Joshua D. Webster 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2019,17(4):451-455
One of the primary objectives of the Oncology‐Pathology Working Group (OPWG), a joint initiative of the Veterinary Cancer Society and the American College of Veterinary Pathologists, is for oncologists and pathologists to collaboratively generate consensus documents to standardize aspects of and provide guidelines for oncologic pathology. Consensus is established through critical review of peer‐reviewed literature relevant to a subgroup's particular focus. Subsequent acceptance and approval of the document by the OPWG membership at large establishes consensus. The intent of this publication is to help educate practitioners and pathologists on the value of diagnostics related to the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase for canine cutaneous mast cell tumours and to provide a guide for the use of these tests in veterinary medicine. This document represents the opinions of the OPWG and the authors and does not constitute a formal endorsement by the American College of Veterinary Pathologists or the Veterinary Cancer Society. 相似文献
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Ana Liza Ortiz Sofia Carvalho Chiara Leo Fulvio Riondato Joy Archer Francesco Cian 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2015,44(3):442-447
A 2‐year and 6‐month‐old female neutered Labrador Retriever with Horner syndrome, megaesophagus, and a mediastinal mass was referred to the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals of the Royal Veterinary College. A large granular lymphocyte (LGL) lymphoma was diagnosed on cytology; flow cytometric analysis revealed a γδ T‐cell phenotype (CD3+, CD5+, CD45+, TCRγδ+, CD4?, CD8?, CD34?, CD21?). Chemotherapy was started with a combination of lomustine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisolone, followed by bleyomicin. Euthanasia was elected by the owners, due to progressive deterioration and lack of quality of life, 28 days after diagnosis. This is the first cytologic and immunophenotypic characterization of a canine γδ T‐cell lymphoma with LGL morphology and probably of mediastinal origin. The role of chemotherapy in delaying the disease progression remains unknown. 相似文献
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Janice A. Cruz Cardona Heather L. Wamsley Lisa L. Farina Matti Kiupel 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2010,39(3):371-376
Abstract: A 14‐year‐old female spayed Golden Retriever was presented to the University of Florida's Veterinary Medical Center with history of lymphoplasmacytic gastroenteritis, intermittent vomiting, watery diarrhea, and weight loss for over a year. CBC, biochemical profile, and urinalysis were within reference intervals. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination revealed mesenteric and jejunal lymphadenopathy and hyperechoic hepatic nodules. Cytologic examination of the enlarged lymph nodes revealed loosely cohesive cells with moderate nuclear pleomorphism and rare punctate eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules. The cytologic interpretation was metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasia. On surgical exploration, a mass was detected in the right lobe of the pancreas. Histologic evaluation determined the mass to be an islet cell tumor. Approximately 98% of cells were positive by immunolabeling for pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and only rare cells were positive for insulin or somatostatin. All cells were negative for glucagon, gastrin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, protein gene product 9.5, synaptophysin, and chromogranins A and B. Pancreatic tumors that primarily produce PP are rare in dogs, and this is the first report of both the cytologic and histologic features of an islet cell tumor predominantly secreting PP. Clinical signs for these tumors are typically absent or nonspecific; signs may include watery diarrhea, as noted in this dog, although the diarrhea may have resulted from lymphoplasmacytic gastroenteritis. Additional case studies are needed to further characterize the cytomorphologic features and clinical presentation of PP‐secreting islet cell tumor, or polypeptidoma, in dogs. 相似文献
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Lauren J. Harris Kelly L. Hughes E. J. Ehrhart Julia D. Labadie Janna Yoshimoto Anne C. Avery 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2019,17(3):253-264
T‐cell lymphomas (TCL) are a diverse group of neoplasms with variable diagnostic features, pathophysiologies, therapeutic responses and clinical outcomes. In dogs, TCL includes indolent and aggressive tumours such as T‐zone lymphoma (TZL) and peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL), respectively. Delineation of molecular subtypes and investigation into underlying pathophysiologies of aggressive TCLs remains inadequate. We investigate the correlations between flow cytometry and histopathology of 73 cases of nodal TCL. The majority of cases (82.2%) were characterized as CD4+ TCL by flow cytometry. Fewer cases were classified as CD8+ TCL (6.8%) or CD4?CD8? TCL (11.0%). All cases, regardless of immunophenotype, exhibited conserved histologic features consistent with the WHO classification of PTCL. Histologic subsets of PTCL corresponding to immunophenotypic features were not identified. Neoplastic cell size determined by flow cytometry correlated significantly with mitotic rate. RNA‐seq was performed on a subset of CD4+ PTCL cases (n = 6) and compared with sorted control CD4+ T‐cells. The gene expression pattern of CD4+ PTCL was similar between all cases regardless of breed. PTCL was enriched in pathways representing G‐coupled protein receptor signalling, extracellular matrix remodelling and vascular development, immune signalling and mitotic activity. Furthermore, global gene expression changes were consistent with downregulation of PTEN signalling and upregulation of the MTOR‐PI3K‐ATK axis. In this study, we evaluated the correlations between flow cytometry, histopathology and gene expression within a large cohort of nodal TCLs. We further demonstrate the ability of flow cytometry to identify a subtype of T‐cell lymphoma, CD4+ PTCL, with a uniform histomorphology and gene expression profile. 相似文献
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Laurie M. Millward Alex Hamberg Jennifer Mathews Cecilia Machado‐Parrula Christopher Premanandan Samuel D. A. Hurcombe M. Judith Radin Maxey L. Wellman 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2010,39(3):365-370
Abstract: A 6‐year‐old female Rocky Mountain horse was presented for evaluation of draining tracts and distal limb subcutaneous edema on the left front and left hind limbs that had been present for 2 weeks. Direct smears of fluid collected by fine‐needle aspiration of subcutaneous fluid from both limbs were highly cellular with a predominance of eosinophils accompanied by numerous, moderately atypical, variably granulated mast cells. The cytologic diagnosis was mast cell tumor (MCT) with prominent eosinophilic infiltration with a differential diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma. Histologic evaluation of surgical biopsies of lesions from both limbs was performed on sections stained with H&E, toluidine blue, and Luna stains. The histologic diagnosis was MCT, and staining with toluidine blue and Luna stains confirmed the presence of mast cells and eosinophils, respectively. In addition, the mast cells strongly expressed CD117. This is the first reported case of cutaneous mast cell neoplasia in a horse in which primary presenting complaints were draining tracts and distal limb subcutaneous edema involving multiple limbs. This case illustrates the utility of staining for CD117 expression in combination with traditional stains, such as toluidine blue and Luna, in differentiating MCTs from other eosinophilic lesions in horses. 相似文献
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Atsushi Kodama Hiroki Sakai Keiya Kobayashi Takashi Mori Kohji Maruo Tadaaki Kudo Tokuma Yanai Toshiaki Masegi 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2008,37(4):409-415
Abstract: A 1‐year‐old intact female miniature Dachshund was presented with hematochezia, vomiting, and diarrhea of more than 1‐week duration. An abdominal mass was palpated, which at exploratory surgery was found to be a 7‐cm‐long thickened section of ileum. The thickened ileum was resected. Impression smears revealed numerous small‐ to medium‐sized lymphocytes, with a smaller number of cells resembling Mott cells. The Mott‐like cells contained multiple pale vacuoles that were positive for periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) in wet‐fixed smears, consistent with Russell bodies. Histologic evaluation of the surgically excised ileum revealed 2 populations of neoplastic lymphoid cells. The majority were uniform medium‐sized lymphocytes with hyperchromatic oval or round nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli. The remaining cells resembled Mott cells, which contained several PAS‐positive eosinophilic globules in the cytoplasm, occasionally compressing the nucleus. The majority of neoplastic cells stained positively for vimentin, CD20, CD79a, and Pax‐5, but were negative for CD3 and lysozyme; 43.5% of cells stained positively for Ki‐67. The Mott cells were strongly positive for immunoglobulin but were negative for Pax‐5. Using electron microscopy, a homogenous substance of intermediate electron density was observed frequently in the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm of the Mott cells, and rarely in the perinuclear cisternae of the lymphoid cells, corresponding to the site of immunoglobulin staining. Monoclonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy‐chain (IgH) gene was observed by PCR testing for lymphocyte–antigen receptor rearrangement. The morphologic features, immunophenotype, and IgH gene rearrangement verified the lymphoid cells were neoplastic (mature cell type) and had a B‐cell phenotype, with evidence of immunoglobulin production and differentiation into Mott cells. This case was unusual because of the age of the dog and because most intestinal lymphomas are T‐cell phenotype. The Mott cell morphology also differed from typical mature B‐cell lymphoma types and may be a unique B‐cell lymphoma variant. 相似文献
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Barbara C. Rütgen Irene Flickinger Birgitt Wolfesberger Barbara Litschauer Andrea Fuchs‐Baumgartinger Sabine E. Hammer Armin Saalmüller Ilse Schwendenwein 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(1):172-178
A 7‐year‐old male Boxer with a 3.5‐year history of atopy and food hypersensitivity was presented with multiple poorly circumscribed nodules and maculae of the skin and tongue, and jaundiced mucosal membranes. Cytologic and histopathologic examination of the skin lesions revealed cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma. Cells were CD3+ and CD8+ in flow cytometry. The CBC showed a moderate leukocytosis with 16% atypical lymphocytes with irregularly cleaved nuclei. Flow cytometric phenotyping of peripheral blood showed an elevated proportion of the CD8+ T‐lymphocyte subpopulation, indicating a malignant population of T‐cell origin, and the electropherogram of the PCR antigen receptor rearrangement produced a monoclonal peak for TCRγ. Liver enzyme activities were markedly increased and abdominal ultrasound examination showed increased echogenicity of the liver and enlarged abdominal lymph nodes. Fine‐needle aspirates of the liver confirmed infiltration with lymphocytes exhibiting the same morphology as the cells detected in skin and peripheral blood. Treatment was induced with L‐asparaginase, lomustine, and prednisone. Partial clinical remission of the skin and tongue lesions was achieved within 10 days, and hematologic abnormalities resolved. Despite further treatment with L‐asparaginase and lomustine, the dog relapsed within one month and was euthanized. Presence of malignant lymphocytes in skin, peripheral blood, and liver indicate a rare variant of leukemic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, equivalent of Sézary syndrome in a dog. This case report describes the use of flow cytometry as a complementary tool for lymphocyte characterization of skin lesions for the first time. 相似文献
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The effect of M‐phase stage‐dependent kinase inhibitors on inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1) expression and localization in pig oocytes
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Anucha Sathanawongs Katsuyoshi Fujiwara Tsubasa Kato Masahiko Hirose Maki Kamoshita Richard J. H. Wojcikiewicz Jan B. Parys Junya Ito Naomi Kashiwazaki 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(2):138-147
At fertilization, inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor type 1 (IP3R1) has a crucial role in Ca2+ release in mammals. Expression levels, localization and phosphorylation of IP3R1 are important for its function, but it still remains unclear which molecule(s) regulates IP3R1 behavior in pig oocytes. We examined whether there was a difference in localization of IP3R1 after in vitro or in vivo maturation of pig oocytes. In mouse oocytes, large clusters of IP3R1 were formed in the cortex of the oocyte except in a ring‐shaped band of cortex adjacent to the spindle. However, no such clusters of IP3R1 were observed in pig oocytes and there was no difference in its localization between in vitro and in vivo matured oocytes. We next tried to clarify which factor(s) regulates IP3R1 localization, phosphorylation and expression using M‐phase stage‐dependent kinase inhibitors. Our results show that treatments with roscovitine (p34cdc2 kinase inhibitor) or U0126 (mitogen‐activated protein kinase inhibitor) did not affect IP3R1 expression or localization in pig oocytes, although the latter strongly inhibited phosphorylation. However, treatment with BI‐2536, an inhibitor of polo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1), dramatically decreased the expression level of IP3R1 in pig oocytes in a dose‐dependent manner. From these results, it is suggested that Plk1 is involved in the regulation of IP3R1 expression in pig oocytes. 相似文献