猪伪狂犬病三基因缺失疫苗的田间试验

为验证猪伪狂犬病三基因缺失疫苗SA215株肌肉注射后的安全性和免疫效果,对妊娠母猪、育肥猪、仔猪进行了田间试验。经试验证实,仔猪接种后生长良好,未出现体温升高、呼吸道症状和消化道症状;母猪接种后,能提高产仔成绩和成活率;70日龄商品猪接种后,经过近100d育肥,其出栏重增加20．83%;对发生伪狂犬病的猪场肌注本品。48h～72h后能控制疾病的发生。     

规模猪场猪伪狂犬病的净化研究

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂犬病病毒引起的多种动物共患传染病．可引起仔猪大量发病死亡，母猪流产、死胎等繁殖障碍，育肥猪生长发育缓慢，经济损失惨重。为净化规模猪场的猪伪狂犬病，试验采用综合性的净化措施，除淘汰病猪及抗体检测阳性猪、加强饲养管理等技术措施外，采用猪伪狂犬病弱毒疫苗免疫试验，结果母猪一次免疫合格率为90．74％，仔猪二免后的免疫合格率为94．44％。     

猪伪狂犬病诊断及处理的要点分析

1相关概念 猪伪狂犬病,由疱疹病毒科伪狂犬属的猪疱疹病毒Ⅰ型引起的猪的一种繁殖障碍性疾病。潜伏期一般为3-6天,母猪感染伪狂犬病病毒后常发生流产、产死胎、弱仔、木乃伊胎等症状。青年母猪和空怀母猪常出现返情而屡配不孕或不发情;公猪常出现睾丸肿胀、萎缩、性功能下降、失去种用能力;新生仔猪大量死亡,15日龄内死亡率可达100％;断奶仔猪发病20％～30％,死亡率为10％～20％。育肥猪表现为呼吸道症状和增重滞缓．     

警惕猪的伪狂犬病

近几年，猪伪狂犬病时有发生，有些地方暴发伪狂犬病时，2周龄仔猪的死亡率达到90％以上．母猪产活仔率下降10％以上。伪狂犬病主要危害仔猪，对断奶仔猪的呼吸系统造成伤害，引起猪的呼吸道综合征，严重影响仔猪的生长发育。大猪在感染后大多表现轻微或不表现症状，临床上常造成误诊、误治。     

当前猪伪狂犬病的流行新特点及防治建议

<正>猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂犬病毒引起的猪的一种急性传染病,猪伪狂犬病毒属于疱疹病毒,能够导致母猪群繁殖障碍及仔猪大批死亡,育肥猪呼吸道疾病等临床症状。通过免疫猪伪狂犬基因缺失疫苗,猪场伪狂犬病的发病率降低了,但这两年猪伪狂犬病出现了新的变化,原来免疫非常     

猪伪狂犬病基因缺失疫苗的制备、安全性、免疫原性、保存期测定及区域试验

为了提供有效的伪狂犬病疫苗，用鸡胚成纤维细胞扩大培养了PrV HB-98突变株（TK^-/gG^-/LacZ^＋），研制了伪狂犬病基因缺失疫苗，并对该疫苗经肌肉接种、经口等免疫途径的最小免疫剂量进行了测定，同时也对4批疫苗的安全性、效力、免疫期和保存期进行了检测；同时将4批疫苗用于免疫23个猪场的母猪、新生仔猪和育肥猪进行区域试验。测定结果表明，疫苗经上述两种途径接种对不同阶段猪的最小免疫剂量均为10^5.0 TCID50；10倍免疫剂量的疫苗对初生仔猪、15日龄仔猪和妊娠母猪是安全的，免疫猪能抵抗强毒的攻击；疫苗在4℃和-20℃下分别可保存6个月和12个月。对伪狂犬病毒抗体阴性的70日龄商品猪和种猪的免疫期为6个月。田间试验表明，4批猪伪狂犬病基因缺失疫苗安全有效，并可用于仔猪发病时的紧急接种。为猪伪狂犬病基因工程疫苗的制备与应用提供了有力的依据。     

猪附红细胞体病、伪狂犬病与仔猪水肿病混合感染的诊治报告

凌源市某乡镇2011年6月以后,相继发生仔猪、育肥猪及母猪死亡现象。用青霉素、链霉素、氟呱酸及磺胺类药物治疗无效,并在治疗过程中陆续死亡。截至2012年2月,共有20个养猪户存栏猪4928头,发病474头,死亡293头。其中死亡母猪11头、育肥猪76头,其他大部分为25kg以下仔猪。病猪症状为发热、呕吐、不食、全身皮肤发红、耳朵发紫、下颌肿,死前有神经症状,怀孕母猪发生流产等。经专家综合诊断,确诊为附红细胞体病、伪狂犬病与仔猪水肿病混合感染后。采取对症治疗及猪伪狂犬病、水肿病疫苗紧急免疫措施,有效地控制了疫病的流行。     

猪伪狂犬病的诊断

猪的伪狂犬病是由伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）引起的一种危害严重的急性败血性传染病，主要以新生仔猪的急性死亡及４周龄以上的仔猪表现神经症状为特征。成年猪感染后症状轻微，很少死亡，但感染母猪可将病毒传染给胎儿，引起流产和死胎。仔猪发病率和死亡率高达１００％。西平某集约化养猪场相继发生了初生仔猪在５～７日龄突然整窝发生以呕吐、腹泻、神经症状和高致死率为特征的急性传染病。我们根据流行病学、临床症状和实验室检验结果确诊为猪伪狂犬病。１发病情况该场１９９４年６月投产，存栏母猪３８０头。按常规免疫程序进行猪瘟、猪丹…     

猪伪狂犬病免疫要点

猪伪狂犬病是由猪伪狂犬病病毒引起的急性传染病,主要表现为妊娠母猪流产、死胎,公猪不育,新生仔猪出现神经症状且死亡率高,育肥猪生长停滞等,是危害养猪业的主要传染病之一.免疫是防控猪伪狂犬病的重要手段,也是规模化猪场开展净化的重要基础.     

猪伪狂犬病的研究进展

猪伪狂犬病（Pseudorabies,PR）是由猪伪狂犬病病毒（Pseudorabies virus,PRV）引起的一种高度接触性传染病。猪是本病的主要宿主和传染源,健康猪与病猪、带毒猪直接接触可感染本病。通常引起妊娠母猪流产、木乃伊胎、死胎和产弱仔;初生仔猪出现腹泻及神经症状、感染率和死亡率可达100％；母猪出现返情屡配不孕；育肥猪表现生长迟缓，饲料报酬降低等，感染后多耐过，不发病呈隐性感染，造成长期带毒排毒，成为最危险的传染源。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒gE基因缺失苗免疫试验

为了掌握猪伪狂犬病gE基因缺失疫苗免疫效果,并制定合理的免疫程序,选用国产和进口的猪伪狂犬病gE基因缺失弱毒疫苗,用4种不同的免疫程序,对250头母猪和1000头仔猪进行了免疫试验。试验期间,按比例定时采集免疫猪的血液,用ELISA试剂盒进行抗体检测,证明猪伪狂犬gE基因缺失疫苗,无论国产苗或进口苗都可以产生良好的免疫效果;无论跟胎免疫、1年2次普免,每隔4个月定时免疫,效果均良好。种猪免疫抗体合格率达100%,仔猪49日龄前抗体合格率达100%,75日龄后抗体逐渐降低,120日龄后基本消失。为了使猪体免疫力更强,不给野毒入侵的机会,建议仔猪在首免后,适当时间进行二次加强免疫。而只给公猪、母猪春秋两季免疫,不给仔猪免疫组,仔猪在35日龄后抗体降为阴性,不能抵抗野毒的侵袭,这种免疫方法不宜推广。     

规模化种猪场猪瘟免疫情况调研

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒引起的一种以高热、出血为主要特征的烈性、高度接触性传染病,至今仍在中国广泛流行。接种疫苗是防控该病发生的最根本的方法,为了查清山西省规模化种猪场猪瘟疫苗免疫情况,课题组采用ELISA试剂盒,对8个地市42个规模化种猪场465头哺乳猪、456头保育猪、436头育肥猪、419头母猪进行了猪瘟免疫抗体检测。查明了哺乳猪抗体阳性率平均为70.11%,保育猪抗体阳性率平均为40.57%,育肥猪抗体阳性率平均为50.22%,母猪抗体阳性率平均为69.69%,证明被检猪群免疫抗体不理想,尤其是保育猪抗体水平较低。同时对12个规模化种猪场,4类不同免疫方法免疫猪瘟疫苗的133头哺乳猪、110头保育猪、105头育肥猪、135头母猪进行了免疫抗体检测。结果表明:乳猪在吃奶前超免猪瘟高效细胞苗6头份,21日龄时二免猪瘟高效细胞苗4头份,60日龄三免猪瘟高效细胞苗2头份,母猪产后21 d跟胎免疫效果最好,使保育猪免疫抗体阳性率达到89.29%,有些猪场使用该方法免疫后,使保育猪的死亡率有了明显的降低,生长发育逐渐走向正常;而采用仔猪在断奶后28日龄至35日龄时首免猪瘟普通细胞苗4头份,60日龄二免猪瘟普通细胞苗2头份,母猪产后28 d跟胎免疫的方法效果最差,不宜推广应用。通过对山西一些规模化种猪场猪瘟免疫情况的调研,基本查清了规模化种猪场猪瘟免疫效果和最佳免疫方法,可为养猪场防控猪瘟提供依据。     

广西某集约化猪场猪伪狂犬病的监测及净化

为了解某集约化猪场伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）的感染情况,清除感染猪只,净化伪狂犬病,提高猪群的健康水平.采用PRV gE抗体ELISA检测试剂盒,对该场免疫了猪伪狂犬病基因缺失疫苗的猪群进行3次野毒感染检测;应用荧光PCR方法,对临床发病的仔猪进行PRV病原检测.经过动态监测、加强综合防控和逐步淘汰措施,该猪场的PRV野毒感染率从35.29％逐步降低至0％,猪场自繁的仔猪存活率高,无PRV感染,净化效果良好.     

Extent and duration of virulent virus excretion upon challenge of pigs vaccinated with different glycoprotein-deleted Aujeszky's disease vaccines

Different deleted Aujeszky's disease vaccines were compared for their ability to induce an immunity which suppresses virus excretion optimally upon infection. Groups of pigs were vaccinated once with attenuated deleted Aujeszky's disease vaccine (gI, gX or gp63 negative), suspended in phosphate buffered saline. Two additional groups were vaccinated with a gI deleted vaccine virus suspended in an oil-in-water emulsion. Other groups were vaccinated twice with gI deleted inactivated vaccines. The three control groups included were: pigs immune after infection, unvaccinated pigs and pigs receiving vaccine without known deletion in the envelope. Experimental challenge took place 3 or 4 weeks after the only or the last vaccination. The number of excreting pigs, the duration of excretion and the virus titers excreted, were determined for all the groups. All the pigs vaccinated with glycoprotein deletion vaccines suspended in phosphate buffered saline, excreted virus for 2 to 6 days after challenge. A 100 to 1000 fold reduction in excreted virus titers was obtained in vaccinated pigs compared to unvaccinated ones. Some vaccines suppressed virus excretion better than others, but no correlation could be made between the type of deletion (gI, gX or gp63) and the degree of reduction in virus excretion. Similar results were obtained with two applications of inactivated vaccines. The lowest number of excreting pigs, the lowest duration of excretion and the lowest titers were obtained in groups vaccinated with the attenuated vaccine suspended in an oil-in-water emulsion. No vaccine suppressed virus excretion totally.     

猪高致病性蓝耳病弱毒活疫苗免疫试验

为了更好地指导养殖户应用高致病性蓝耳病活疫苗（JXA1-R株）,本中心从淋巴细胞计数、病毒核酸检测、免疫抗体检测等方面,分析了高致病性蓝耳病弱毒活疫苗免疫应答情况。本次试验选取30天龄的杜长大三元断奶仔猪20头,随机分成A、B两组,每组10头。A组注射JXA1-R株活疫苗,B组头注射生理盐水作对照。结果显示该疫苗免疫仔猪28天后,淋巴细胞由7．585×10^9／L上升到15．28×10^9／L,免疫抗体阳性率由0％上升到100％,免疫猪病毒核酸检出率由0％上升到90％。揭示了PRRS活疫苗（JXA1-R株）能使仔猪产生较好的免疫应答,疫苗毒感染持续时间多数超过28天。     

不同剂量的猪瘟活疫苗单次免疫效果评价及疫苗存留试验

用1 200 RID、6 000 RID和24 000 RID 3种不同剂量的猪瘟活疫苗单次免疫9头30日龄的断奶仔猪,检测试验猪的抗体消长和疫苗毒核酸在猪体内的存留时间,并用6头猪进行攻毒保护试验.结果表明:不同免疫剂量的试验猪其抗体水平的动态变化没有显著差异,免疫后21 d试验猪的猪瘟抗体均成阳性,63 d后至578 d猪瘟抗体阻断率仍然高于85％,应用荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测,猪瘟疫苗毒核酸在猪血液和扁桃体中的检出时间分别达28 d和42 d;免疫后370 d进行猪瘟强毒攻击后,免疫猪没有出现明显的临床症状,存活且不带毒.本研究证实,没有其他疫病和母源抗体的仔猪单次接种合理剂量的猪瘟活疫苗就能产生坚强的保护力,提出加强种猪场各种病原监测,淘汰病原阳性种猪,净化种猪群对提高猪瘟疫苗免疫效果,最终控制猪瘟具有重要意义.     

血清复合制剂对仔猪腹泻综合征的疗效比较

为了获得有效治疗仔猪腹泻的新方法,本试验选择了几种引起仔猪腹泻的病原疫苗接种屠宰前60d左右的育肥猪,然后制备血清及血清制剂,按1∶1和1∶1.5将血清制剂与恩诺沙星配比应用于4个试验猪场共221头腹泻仔猪。结果显示:空白对照组、单一使用血清制剂组及单一使用恩诺沙星组的平均治愈率分别为55%、56%、73%;而复合制剂组1和复合制剂组2的治愈率分别为91%和100%。试验证明,将血清制剂与恩诺沙星按1∶1.5配比使用,其治愈率最高,可作为有效防控仔猪腹泻的首选方法。     

Effects of challenge with a virulent genotype II strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on piglets vaccinated with an attenuated genotype I strain vaccine

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is endemic in most parts of Asia, where genotype I and II strains of diverse virulence may coexist. This study evaluated the outcome of infection with a highly virulent Asian genotype II PRRSV isolate in piglets vaccinated with a genotype I vaccine. Twenty-one 3-week-old piglets were divided in three groups: Pigs in group V (n=8) were vaccinated with an attenuated genotype I commercial PRRSV vaccine, while pigs in group U (n=8) and a control group (group C; n=5) were unvaccinated; 6 weeks later, pigs in groups V and U were challenged intranasally with a highly virulent strain of genotype II PRRSV (1×10(5) 50% tissue culture infectious doses/mL), while pigs in group C received a placebo. Over a period of 21 days after challenge, vaccinated pigs had significantly lower mortality (0/8 versus 2/8), fewer days of fever, a lower frequency of catarrhal bronchopneumonia, higher weight gains (13.4 versus 6.6 kg) and lower levels of viraemia compared to unvaccinated challenged pigs. Immunisation with a genotype I attenuated PRRSV vaccine provided partial protection against challenge with a highly virulent genotype II strain.     

Increased litter survival rates,reduced clinical illness and better lactogenic immunity against TGEV in gilts that were primed as neonates with porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV)

Establishing immunological memory in female piglets at a young age with PRCV was effective in inducing a secondary immune response to a limiting dose of virulent TGEV given orally 13-18 days prior to farrowing. Subsequently, because of passive antibody transfer, the offspring of these primed gilts were more efficient in surviving a lethal TGEV challenge. An average survival rate of 89% occurred in 6 litters of piglets from primed gilts that were boosted with 2.8 x 10(6) plaque forming units (PFU) of TGEV whereas 76% of the piglets survived in three litters that suckled primed gilts boosted with 3.0 x 10(5)PFU of TGEV. Non-primed gilts given identical pre-farrowing doses of TGEV had litter survival rates of 63 and 55%, respectively. Moreover, both groups of litters from primed gilts suffered less clinical illness (as measured by the extent of weight loss post-challenge) than control litters. Priming of the piglets as neonates and boosting the pregnant gilts produced an anamnestic systemic immune response and correspondingly higher milk titers in the primed gilts compared to control animals. Thus, priming piglets with PRCV was beneficial in providing resistance to TGEV and could be incorporated into a vaccine strategy that yields better protection against TGEV.     

疫苗、药物对仔猪黄白痢的控制效果观察

对248头仔猪采用免疫预防仔猪黄白痢，224头仔猪用畜痢灵、消维康两种药物预防黄白痢，结果表明免疫预防后仔猪的成活率87.5%，药物预防后的成活率为95.3%和96.3%，预防后的断乳重三组极显著高于对照组，而三组内无显著性差异。另外对520头发生黄白痢的仔猪用药物治疗，结果畜痢灵的治愈率最高，达91.6%；断乳重比较发现三种药物与对照组均出现显著性差异，畜痢灵组断乳重极显著地高于免疫组，其它组与免疫组无显著性差异。