阿替美唑对小型猪特异性麻醉剂诱导大鼠大脑皮质内Fos蛋白表达的影响

研究阿替美唑对小型猪特异性麻醉剂(XFM)麻醉下大鼠大脑皮质Fos蛋白表达的影响,探讨阿替美唑颉颃XFM催醒大鼠与大脑皮质c-fos基因的关系。将72只SD纯种大鼠随机分为XFM对照组、XFM+阿替美唑组、XFM+生理盐水组,每组又按采脑时间点分成4个亚组。采用蛋白质印迹法检测大脑皮质内Fos蛋白表达量。结果表明:XFM麻醉大鼠大脑皮质内Fos蛋白表达量逐渐增加,与给药后10min比较差异显著(P<0.01或P<0.05);XFM麻醉大鼠腹腔注射生理盐水,各时间点Fos蛋白表达量与对照组间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);阿替美唑注射后引起XFM麻醉大鼠大脑皮质Fos蛋白表达量减少,与XFM对照组比较差异显著(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结果提示,大脑皮质c-fos基因参与了阿替美唑颉颃XFM麻醉作用。阿替美唑抑制XFM诱导大鼠大脑皮质Fos蛋白表达,可能是阿替美唑催醒XFM麻醉大鼠的重要机理之一。     

纳洛酮对大鼠大脑皮质c-fos mRNA表达的影响

为研究纳洛酮对小型猪特异性麻醉剂(XFM)麻醉下大鼠大脑皮质c-fos mRNA表达的影响,探讨纳洛酮催醒XFM麻醉大鼠与大脑皮质c-fos基因的关系.将78只SD纯种大鼠随机分为空白对照组、XFM对照组、XFM+纳洛酮组、XFM+生理盐水组,采用实对定量PCR技术检测大脑皮质内c-fos mRNA表达量.结果表明,腹腔注射XFM后引起大鼠大脑皮质c-fos mRNA高效表达,各时期c-fos mRNA表达与空白对照组比较差异极显著(P＜0.01);纳洛酮注射后引起XFM麻醉大鼠大脑皮质c-fos mRNA表达量减少,与XFM对照组比较差异显著(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结果提示,大脑皮质c-fos基因参与了纳洛酮颉颃XFM的麻醉作用,纳洛酮抑制XFM诱导大鼠大脑皮质c-fos基因表达,可能是纳洛酮催醒XFM麻醉大鼠的重要机理之一.     

小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂对XFM麻醉下大鼠海马c-jun基因mRNA转录的影响

本试验旨在研究小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂对小型猪特异性麻醉剂(XFM)麻醉下大鼠海马脑区c-jun基因mRNA转录的影响,藉以探究其催醒机制.90只成年SD大鼠被随机分成XFM麻醉组、XFM麻醉+生理盐水组、XFM麻醉+小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂组,每组分为5个不同采样时间点的亚组.采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测样品中c-jun基因mRNA转录量.结果显示,XFM麻醉诱导大鼠海马脑区c-jun基因mRNA转录,各时间点海马脑区c-jun基因mRNA转录与0 min比较显著升高(P＜0.01),XFM麻醉大鼠腹腔注射生理盐水后各时间点海马脑区c-jun基因mRNA转录与XFM对照组间无显著差异(P＞0.05),注射小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂后抑制了XFM诱导大鼠海马c-jun基因mRNA的转录,与XFM对照组比较差异显著(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结果表明,小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂抑制了XFM麻醉诱导大鼠海马脑区c-jun基因mRNA的转录,这可能与小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂催醒机制相关.     

纳洛酮对小型猪特异性麻醉剂麻醉大鼠大脑皮质C-jun mRNA表达的影响

研究纳洛酮对小型猪特异性麻醉剂(XFM)麻醉下大鼠大脑皮质C-jun mRNA表达的影响,探讨纳洛酮催醒XFM麻醉大鼠与大脑皮质C-jun基因的关系。将78只SD纯种大鼠随机分为空白对照组、XFM对照组、XFM+纳洛酮组、XFM+生理盐水组,采用实时定量PCR技术检测大脑皮质内C-jun mRNA表达量。结果表明,腹腔注射XFM后引起大鼠大脑皮质C-jun mR-NA高效表达,各时期C-jun mRNA表达与空白对照组比较差异极显著(P<0.01);纳洛酮注射后引起XFM麻醉大鼠大脑皮质C-jun mRNA表达量减少,与XFM对照组比较差异极显著(P<0.01);结果提示,大脑皮质C-jun基因参与了纳洛酮颉颃XFM麻醉作用,纳洛酮抑制XFM诱导大鼠大脑皮质C-jun基因表达,可能是纳洛酮催醒XFM麻醉大鼠的重要机理之一。     

阿替美唑对舒泰/噻啦嗪诱导大鼠丘脑和大脑皮质c-fos基因表达的影响

24只SD大鼠被随机分成对照组、麻醉组和催醒组,对照组注射二甲基亚砜,麻醉组注射舒泰(13.81mg/kg)和噻啦嗪(5.21mg/kg),催醒组在给予麻醉剂10min后注射阿替美唑(0.522mg/kg),试验组大鼠分别于给药1h(即麻醉期)即刻,断头处死,冰面上分离丘脑和大脑皮质,利用免疫印记技术测定Fos蛋白表达量。结果显示,舒泰联合噻啦嗪注射后引起麻醉期大鼠丘脑和大脑皮质脑区Fos蛋白表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.01),阿替美唑注射后显著地抑制了舒泰联合噻啦嗪诱导大鼠丘脑和大脑皮质脑区Fos蛋白表达(P<0.01)。结果表明,阿替美唑可抑制舒泰联合噻啦嗪麻醉引起大鼠中枢脑区Fos蛋白的表达,对神经损伤起到一定的保护作用。     

小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂对小型猪血清一氧化氮一氧化氮合酶丙二醛超氧化物歧化酶的影响

本试验旨在观察小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂对小型猪的氧化损伤程度,及对小型猪特异性麻醉剂(XFM)的特异性颉颃效果。选用中国试验用小型猪14头,体重50kg左右,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组7头,均使用XFM肌肉注射进行麻醉,试验组使用小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂进行催醒,对照组则注射等量生理盐水,观察催醒效果,并检测血清中一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)浓度。结果表明,小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂后缩短了各项生理反射(夹耳反射、眼睑反射、痛觉等)的恢复时间(P0.05);血清MDA及SOD呈现无规则变化,且变化趋势不明显(P0.05),血清NOS及NO在注射XFM 30min后极明显降低(P0.01),然后逐渐回升,60min后恢复正常,差异不显著(P0.05)。表明小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂能够很好的拮抗XFM麻醉效果,产生较快的苏醒效果,在催醒过程中对小型猪没有产生明显的过氧化损伤,临床安全性较好。     

不同催醒药对舒泰与赛拉嗪复合麻醉小鼠的催醒效果比较

本试验采用60只昆明系小鼠使用舒泰复合赛拉嗪麻醉后,随机分成纳洛酮(1mg/kg)组、氟马西尼(1mg/kg)组、氨茶碱(25mg/kg)组、多沙普仑(100mg/kg)组、阿替美唑(5mg/kg)组和对照组(生理盐水10mL/kg腹腔注射)。麻醉后30min,按相应剂量腹腔注射不同催醒药,比较各组小鼠苏醒时间(以翻正反射恢复为标准)的差异性。结果发现,舒泰复合赛拉嗪麻醉小鼠后,腹腔注射阿替美唑、氨茶碱及纳洛酮能明显缩短小鼠的苏醒时间,且与对照组比较差异极显著(P<0.01),其中阿替美唑的催醒效果最好,其他几种药物催醒效果不明显(P>0.05)。     

小型猪复合麻醉剂对大鼠不同脑区LKB1基因mRNA转录和p-LKB1蛋白表达的影响

旨在研究小型猪复合麻醉剂(XFM)对大鼠不同脑区LKB1基因mRNA转录和p-LKB1蛋白表达的影响。将30只SD大鼠随机分成XFM组(M组)和生理盐水对照组(C组),M组又按照时间点的不同分为4个亚组。各组大鼠到达试验设计时间点后分别采取脑组织并分离各脑区,采用PCR和Western blot技术,分别检测各试验组中大鼠不同脑区LKB1基因mRNA的相对表达量和p-LKB1蛋白表达量。结果显示:在试验的麻醉早期阶段(即M1和M2),各脑区LKB1基因mRNA转录与对照组相比均未出现显著变化(P0.05);大脑皮层、海马及小脑p-LKB1蛋白表达与对照组比较并无显著变化(P0.05),而丘脑与脑干p-LKB1蛋白表达与对照组比较则明显升高,且丘脑差异显著(P0.05),脑干差异极显著(P0.01)。而在麻醉后期阶段(即M3和M4)各脑区LKB1基因mRNA转录表达明显上升,尤以M4突出,差异极显著(P0.01),其中丘脑和脑干变化最为明显;大脑皮层、海马及小脑p-LKB1蛋白表达与对照组比较均无明显变化(P0.05),但丘脑和脑干p-LKB1蛋白表达呈现显著升高(P0.05)。研究表明,XFM麻醉作用可能影响大鼠中枢神经系统中LKB1基因mRNA的转录和p-LKB1蛋白的表达。     

小型猪复合麻醉剂对大鼠中枢神经系统p-p38MAPK蛋白表达的影响

为研究小型猪复合麻醉剂(XFM)对大鼠中枢神经系统p-p38蛋白表达的影响,将30只大鼠分为对照组(C组)和麻醉剂组(M组),M组又分为4个亚组:M1组(注射XFM后大鼠翻正反射消失即刻)、M2组(注射XFM后大鼠翻正反射消失后1h)、M3组(注射XFM后大鼠翻正反射恢复即刻)和M4组(注射XFM后大鼠翻正反射恢复后1h),各组大鼠到达预定的时间点后分别采取脑组织,应用RT-PCR法检测脑内p38 mRNA转录量,应用Western blot方法检测中枢神经系统中p-p38蛋白的表达量。大鼠注射XFM后,与对照组比较,试验组大鼠大脑皮层和丘脑p38mRNA转录量显著降低(P0.05),在苏醒过程中有所恢复,但仍显著低于对照组(P0.05);大脑皮层和丘脑内p-p38蛋白的相对表达量,在M1、M2组的时间点显著低于对照组(P0.05或P0.01);大鼠注射XFM后,与对照组比较,试验组大鼠小脑、海马、脑干内p38mRNA转录量显著升高(P0.05),在苏醒过程中仍显著高于对照组(P0.05);小脑、海马、脑干内p-p38蛋白的表达量,在M1组、M2组、M3组显著升高,与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05或P0.01),在M4组表达量下降,与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。结果表明,XFM诱导大鼠大脑皮层、丘脑内p38 mRNA及p-p38蛋白表达下调,p38 mRNA及磷酸化蛋白的改变可能是XFM作用的机制之一。     

小型猪复合麻醉颉颃剂对大鼠各脑区p-p38蛋白及c-myc mRNA表达的影响

旨在研究小型猪复合麻醉颉颃剂对大鼠不同脑区p-p38蛋白及c-myc mRNA表达的影响,探讨小型猪复合麻醉颉颃剂的催醒机制。将18只大鼠随机分为C组(对照组)、J组(麻醉颉颃剂组)。J组又分为2个亚组,即J1组(注射小型猪专用复合麻醉颉颃剂5min)、J2组(注射小型猪专用复合麻醉颉颃剂1h)。各组大鼠到达相应的时间点后断头处死,分离大脑皮层、小脑、海马、脑干和丘脑,用Western blot的方法检测p-p38蛋白的表达量,实时荧光定量PCR方法检测c-myc基因mRNA的转录量。试验结果显示大鼠大脑皮层、丘脑和脑干的p-p38蛋白和c-myc mRNA的相对表达量显著升高,而小脑和海马的p-p38蛋白和c-myc mRNA的相对表达量显著降低。综合试验结果,小型猪复合麻醉颉颃剂能够影响p-p38蛋白和c-myc mRNA的表达,这可能是其产生催醒作用的机制之一。     

The influence of the width of the saddle tree on the forces and the pressure distribution under the saddle

As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back, this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as "too-narrow" if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and "too-wide" if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as "very-wide". In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm(2)+/-0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm(2)+/-0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm(2)+/-0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm(2)+/-0.10/ 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm(2)+/-0.22/1.27 N/cm(2)+/-0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks.     

Monitoring of the mare during the perinatal period at the clinic and in the stable

Complications in late gestation are challenging problems for the equine clinician and are causes of considerable distress to owners. Health problems in a pregnant mare in each stage of gestation can adversely affect the pregnancy. It is important to obtain a thorough history and perform a detailed and systematic examination of the pregnant mare so that the mare may be classified as normal or high-risk. However, even after a thorough examination, practitioners may face problems with the interpretation and assessment of risk. Normal mares should foal in the stable or pasture. Mares classified as having a high-risk pregnancy need to be monitored precisely for signs of oncoming foaling with attendance of trained personnel when labour begins. A valuable method for monitoring of the high-risk mare is assessing fetoplacental well-being. Fetoplacental well-being is most accurately assessed with ultrasonography as well as several available hormone profiles. We are proposing our scoring system of the mare's health, which may be useful in the assessment of risk during pregnancy and help clinicians to decide whether sending the mare to the clinic is reasonable or unnecessary.     

中国饲料工业协会第五届理事会顾问、会长、常务副会长、副会长、秘书长、副秘书长、常务理事、理事名单

顾问刘中一张德邻宋瑞祥聂振邦张子仪戎易王维四会长白美清国务院原副秘书长、第四届理事会会长常务副会长(8人,以姓氏笔划为序)刘永好新希望集团董事长、第四届理事会副会长刘汉元通威股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陈丹广东恒兴集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长张延喜农业部原副部长、第四届理事会副会长吴明夏湖南正虹科技发展股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陶一山唐人神集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长温鹏程广东温氏食品集团有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长谭竹洲原化学工业部副部长、第…     

鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的定位研究

为了找出支配鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的分布规律,选用体重1.5 kg～2.5 kg的成年母鸡6只,将CT-HRP溶液注入胆囊壁,动物存活3 d～4 d后,经左心室灌流固定,取内脏神经节、肾上腺神经节以及双侧胸、腰和荐段交感干神经节,制成50 μm的连续冰冻切片,TMB法呈色反应,置明视野显微镜下观片统计.结果发现,支配鸡胆囊的交感传出神经元胞体位于内脏神经节(占41.1%)、肾上腺神经节(占40.5%)和T2～T7交感干神经节(占18.4%),在交感干神经节中标记细胞的峰值位于T5、T6交感干神经节.所有的标记细胞以位于右侧的占优势.     

Harnessing the genetic toolbox for the benefit of the racing Thoroughbred

The understanding and application of genetics have grown extremely quickly since it has become possible to sequence the whole genome of an organism. The human genome sequence was completed in 2001 and that of the horse in 2007. The significance of this is that it makes it more feasible to explain how both genetically simple and complex traits are transmitted from one generation to the next and, therefore, to make informed breeding decisions, modify how horses are managed and trained to minimise the risk of disease and injury, and improve methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many conditions. The science of genetics/genomics will continue to grow internationally, limited only by the funds available. The application of the science to man, horses and other species raises very complex moral and commercial issues. Thoroughbred breeders are perceived by some as resistant to change, but their apparent intransigence is often based on a genuine concern for the integrity of the breed. By taking control of the application of the advances in genetics, the Thoroughbred industry potentially has the opportunity to improve both the health and performance of Thoroughbreds. If, however, the science is applied in an uncoordinated manner, driven by commercial interests with no underlying concern for the horses themselves, there is a very real risk that breeders, the Thoroughbred breed and individual horses will all suffer as a consequence.     

犊牛腹泻与肠道菌群的变化

本文检测腹泻犊牛的直肠内8种主要正常菌群的变化,并与健康犊牛进行对比。结果发现,犊牛腹泻时,大肠杆菌、双岐杆菌和乳杆菌变化较大,而其它菌群变化较小。腹泻或将腹泻时,大肠杆菌数增加,双岐杆菌和乳杆菌数下降。腹泻康复或即将康复时,大肠杆菌减少,双岐杆菌、乳杆菌数增加。     

商品猪胴体性能对分割销售后效益的影响

试验以深圳某集团销售外三元商品猪为研究对象,分析了商品猪不同胴体性能对分割销售效益的影响.结果表明,销售完成率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售完成率差异极显著(P<0.01);销售完成率与胴体重呈正相关,不同胴体重的销售完成率差异显著(P<0.05);销售毛利率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售毛利率差异极显...     

陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场绒山羊日粮的评价

试验选择陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的成年健康母羊（怀孕前期）16只,育成母羊13只,育成公羊13只,空腹称重。测定每只羊1d的采食量,计算其摄入的营养成分含量,并与原苏联绒用山羊饲养标准比较,进行饲养水平评价。结果显示,与饲养标准比较,陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的育成母羊代谢能高2．68MJ,粗蛋白低59．29g,钙低3．00g,磷低1．52g;育成公羊代谢能高3．47MJ,粗蛋白低81．92g,钙低4．42g,磷低2．62g;成年母羊代谢能高2．51MJ,粗蛋白低91．33g,钙低3．09g,磷低1．93g。结合羊的体况综合评价饲养水平基本合理,但尚需要按饲养标准增加粗蛋白、钙、磷等营养物质的供给量。     

猪獾全身骨骼的观测

对致死后的野生雄性猪獾作全身骨骼系统观察测定，共拍摄照片6幅，查明猪獾全身共有252共骨头，另有4块喉软骨，长约4．3cm，略弯圆柱状阴茎骨，16对肋软骨，上下各1对犬齿，较发达，分别长1．4cm,1.3cm，发现猪獾善于穴居或栖居，行动迟缓的骨骼特征：（1）胸椎发达，颈椎，腰椎较发达；（2）胸骨的前端愈合完全，后端膨大突出：（3）前肢短，有29．5cm，后肢长，有33．4cm，均有强大锐利的脚爪；（4）尾椎较长，全长16．9cm。