PEDV流行株重组截短N蛋白间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为了建立猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)抗体检测的间接ELISA方法,本研究以纯化的原核表达的PEDV截短N蛋白作为包被抗原,建立了PEDV抗体检测的间接ELISA方法,将该方法命名为rnPED-ELISA。该抗原不与其他常见的7种猪病的阳性血清发生交叉反应,批内和批间重复性试验的变异系数均小于13%;rnPED-ELISA相对于血清中和试验(SN)试验的敏感性为93.33%,特异性为90.00%;rnPED-ELISA与TSZ全病毒抗体检测试剂盒的符合率达91.67%。采用rnPED-ELISA方法检测200份临床样品,PEDV抗体阳性检出率为69.5%。本试验建立的rnPED-ELISA方法具有良好的敏感性和特异性,可为免疫猪群抗体监测和猪流行性腹泻流行病学调查提供一种快速、简便的血清学诊断方法。     

流行性乙型脑炎病毒E蛋白的截短表达与间接ELISA诊断方法的建立

为建立一种快速检测流行性乙型脑炎病毒抗体的方法,本研究参照已发表的JEV基因组序列,应用RT-PCR扩增了长约1000bp的E基因片段,连接pET30a表达载体中,经诱导后获得了以包涵体形式表达的重组E蛋白。重组蛋白纯化后,经免疫印迹检测证明其具有良好的抗原性和特异性。以该蛋白作为诊断抗原,建立了检测流行性乙型脑炎病毒抗体的E-ELISA诊断方法。该诊断方法具有良好的敏感性、特异性和重复性,为JEV的快速诊断、免疫猪群抗体监测和JEV流行病学调查提供了一种快速、简便的血清学诊断方法。     

猪流行性腹泻IgA抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

将猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)pET-32a-S1D重组表达质粒转化至大肠杆菌BL-2l(DE3)感受态细胞,并成功表达目的蛋白S1D。以纯化后蛋白作为抗原,建立了针对乳汁中PEDV的IgA抗体间接ELISA检测方法。确定最佳抗原包被浓度为1μg/mL;乳汁最佳稀释度为1∶10。该检测方法敏感性高,可重复性好。该研究建立的间接ELISA方法为母猪乳汁中猪流行性腹泻病毒IgA抗体的检测提供了一种快速简便的诊断方法。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立

试验根据GenBank上发表的猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)核衣壳(N)蛋白基因序列,设计合成了一对寡聚核苷酸引物,扩增大小为245 bp的目的片段,建立起PEDV N基因的RT-PCR检测方法。试验结果表明,该方法具有很强特异性和很高的敏感性,可作为猪流行性腹泻临床快速诊断的一种方法。     

乳汁中猪流行性腹泻IgA抗体间接ELISA方法的建立

为建立检测母猪乳汁中猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)IgA抗体的间接ELISA方法,研究以PEDV重组N蛋白和纯化全病毒作为包被抗原,方阵滴定法优化反应条件,建立了两种检测猪乳汁中PEDV IgA抗体的间接ELISA方法。结果显示,重组N蛋白和纯化全病毒的最佳包被抗原浓度均为2μg/mL,检测样品最佳检测稀释度分别为1∶10和1∶30,重复性试验的变异系数均小于10%,PEDV阳性乳汁的最低检测稀释倍数分别为1∶320和1∶960,对猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒等阳性乳汁均无交叉反应性,两种方法对临床样品检测符合率为97.48%。表明两种方法均具有良好的敏感性、特异性和重复性,可用于检测和评价乳汁中特异性PEDV IgA抗体的水平。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒一步法RT-PCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

为建立一种快速检测猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus,PEDV)病原的方法,根据GenBenk上的猪流行性腹泻病毒N基因序列,设计合成一对引物,建立了检测PEDV的一步法RT-PCR方法,并对其特异性、灵敏性及重复性进行了研究。结果表明:建立的一步法RT-PCR方法具有较好的特异性、灵敏性及重复性,最低可检测出约1pg PEDV的RNA。该方法为PEDV的病原检测及其分子流行病学调查提供了有效的诊断方法,可用于猪流行性腹泻的早期确诊和病毒鉴定。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒重组N蛋白间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立

为建立一种检测猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)血清抗体的间接ELISA方法,将TGEV的N基因片段克隆到p ET-28a载体中,转化至大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞中进行诱导表达,并对表达的蛋白进行Western-blot鉴定。以纯化的重组N蛋白作为包被抗原,最终建立了检测TGEV抗体的间接ELISA方法。该ELISA方法与猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸系统综合征病毒(PRRSV)、口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)等5种病毒阳性血清不发生交叉反应,表明建立的ELISA方法具有良好的特异性。本研究可为猪传染性胃肠炎的流行病学调查、诊断与防控奠定基础。     

猪伪狂犬病毒野毒抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立与应用

为建立一种敏感、特异、高通量的猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)野毒抗体血清学检测方法,本研究利用原核表达技术表达了猪伪狂犬病毒gE蛋白,以纯化的重组gE蛋白为包被抗原建立了检测猪伪狂犬病毒野毒抗体的间接ELISA方法。参照已发表的PRV基因组gE基因序列,设计合成1对特异性引物,PCR扩增了长约606 bp的gE基因片段,将目的片段亚克隆至pET30a原核表达载体中,经IPTG诱导重组gE蛋白的表达,重组蛋白纯化后,免疫印迹检测证明具有良好的抗原性和特异性。以纯化蛋白为包被抗原,经间接ELISA反应条件的优化,建立了检测伪狂犬病毒野毒抗体的间接ELISA方法,该方法检测猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)、猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)、PRV疫苗毒的阳性血清均为阴性;该方法批内与批间重复性试验的变异系数分别小于5%和10%;该方法与IDEXX gE-ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的符合率为96.2%。本研究建立的gE-ELISA检测方法为PRV野毒抗体检测以及野毒感染的快速诊断与流行病学调查等提供了一种简便、快速、高通量的血清学检测方法。     

基于间接ELISA检测方法新生仔猪流行性腹泻病探析

本文为探析新生猪仔的流行性腹泻病毒,构建猪流行性腹泻病毒蛋白间接的ELISA检测方法,从新分离PEDV流行毒株中扩增其N基因,并将N基因克隆至DNA原核表达载体中构建重组质粒,经过诱导的重组蛋白呈可溶性表达。将纯化的N蛋白作为包被抗原建立ELISA检测方法,并且对各种检测条件进行优化优化后确定N蛋白最佳包被条件为37度,该间接ELISA方法为PEDV诊断和流行病学调查提供了有益参考。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒N蛋白杆状病毒表达与间接ELISA方法建立

为了检测猪群中猪流行性腹泻(PED)抗体水平,用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统,构建含有PEDV N基因的重组杆状病毒r Bac-PEDV N并在昆虫细胞中获得表达。用纯化的重组N蛋白作为包被抗原,建立了检测PEDV抗体的间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法。与Western Blot的符合率为91.3%,说明该方法适用于PED的临床诊断。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -