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1.
Yu-Xia Yang Wei Wu You-Liang Zheng Li Chen Ren-Jian Liu Chun-Yan Huang 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):1043-1051
Genetic diversity and relationships among 48 safflower accessions were evaluated using 22 inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR)
primers. A total of 429 bands were amplified, and 355 bands (about 82.7%) were polymorphic. Five to forty-one polymorphic
bands could be amplified by each primer, with an average of 16.1 polymorphic bands per primer. The results showed that the
polymorphism of the safflower germplasm was higher at the DNA level. All the 48 accessions could be distinguished by ISSR
markers and were divided into 9 groups based on ISSR GS by using UPGMA method. The genetic relationships among the accessions
from different continents were closer. Comparatively, the genetic diversity of the accessions originated from Asia was higher,
from Europe assembled. The results also showed that the genetic variation of accessions from Indian and Middle Eastern safflower
diversity centers were relatively higher. ISSR is an effective and promising marker system for detecting genetic diversity
among safflower and give some useful information on its phylogenic relationships. 相似文献
2.
Total 65 lotus accessions in genus Nelumbo mainly collected from China, were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to estimate the genetic diversity
and to test the genetic basis of the relationships between morphotypes and molecular markers. Seventeen primers generated
a total of 195 highly reproducible and discernible loci, among which 173 were polymorphic. Percent polymorphism varied from
66.7 to 100 with an average of 88.72, and five primers out of them, OPC05, OPG10, OPN20, OPP09 and OPS17, showed 100% polymorphism.
A relatively high genetic diversity was detected among all the samples with the similarity coefficient values ranging from
0.45 to 0.85, and Nei’s gene diversity (h) 0.30, and Shannon index (I) 0.46. The UPGMA dendrogram clustered 65 accessions in four clusters and the clustering pattern showed two groups, N. nucifera ssp. nucifera and those accessions related to the American lotus, and some special cultivars, landraces, hybrids and the American lotus.
Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCA) further indicated that the genetic diversity of Nelumbo accessions was not evenly distributed, instead, was presented by a clustered distribution pattern. Similar to the results
revealed by the dendrogram, two main groups representing the two subspecies of N. nucifera, as well as some special landraces, cultivars of Chinese lotus, the Japanese lotus and hybrids out of the two groups were
obtained. Neither the UPGMA dendrogram nor the PCA analysis exhibited strict relationship with geographic distribution and
morphotypes among the accessions. 相似文献
3.
Abdelhameed Elameen Siri Fjellheim Arild Larsen Odd Arne Rognli Leif Sundheim Susan Msolla Esther Masumba Kiddo Mtunda Sonja S. Klemsdal 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(3):397-408
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is the fifth most important crop in the developing countries after rice, wheat, maize and cassava. The amplified fragment
length polymorphism (AFLP) method was used to study the genetic diversity and relationships of sweet potato accessions in
the germplasm collection of Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro and Sugarcane Research Institute, Kibaha, Tanzania.
AFLP analysis of 97 sweet potato accessions using ten primer combinations gave a total of 202 clear polymorphic bands. Each
one of the 97 sweet potato accessions could be distinguished based on these primer combinations. Estimates of genetic similarities
were obtained by the Dice coefficient, and a final dendrogram was constructed with the un-weight pair-group method using arithmetic
average. AFLP-based genetic similarity varied from 0.388 to 0.941, with a mean of 0.709. Cluster analysis using genetic similarity
divided the accessions into two main groups suggesting that there are genetic relationships among the accessions. Principal
Coordinate analysis confirmed the pattern of the cluster analysis. Analysis of molecular variance revealed greater variation
within regions (96.19%) than among regions (3.81%). The results from the AFLP analysis revealed a relatively low genetic diversity
among the germplasm accessions and the genetic distances between regions were low. A maximally diverse subset of 13 accessions
capturing 97% of the molecular markers diversity was identified. We were able to detect duplicates accessions in the germplasm
collection using the highly polymorphic markers obtained by AFLP, which were found to be an efficient tool to characterize
the genetic diversity and relationships of sweet potato accessions in the germplasm collection in Tanzania. 相似文献
4.
Jinggui Fang Chih-Cheng T. Chao Philip A. Roberts Jeffrey D. Ehlers 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1197-1209
Cowpea is an important grain legume and hay crop of many tropical and subtropical regions, especially in the dry savanna region
of West Africa. The cowpea gene pool may be narrow because of a genetic bottleneck during domestication. Genetic variation
within specific breeding programs may be further restricted due to breeding methods, ‘founder effects’ and limited exchange
of germplasm between breeding programs. Genetic relationships among 60 advanced breeding lines from six breeding programs
in West Africa and USA, and 27 landrace accessions from Africa, Asia, and South America were examined using amplified fragment
length polymorphism (AFLP) markers with six near infrared fluorescence labeled EcoRI + 3/1bases/MseI + 3/1bases primer sets. A total of 382 bands were scored among the accessions with 207 polymorphic bands (54.2%). Despite
a diverse origin, the 87 cowpea accessions shared a minimum 86% genetic similarity. Principal coordinates analysis showed
clustering of breeding lines by program origin, indicating lack of genetic diversity compared to potential diversity. Accessions
from Asia and the Americas overlapped and were distinct from West African breeding lines, indicating that germplasm from Asia
and the Americas have common origins outside West Africa. US and Asian breeding programs could increase genetic variability
in their programs substantially by incorporating germplasm from West Africa, while national programs in West Africa should
consider introgression of Asian germplasm and germplasm from other parts of Africa into their programs to ensure long-term
gains from selection. 相似文献
5.
Genetic variability of Coffea arabica L. accessions from Ethiopia evaluated with RAPDs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A.P. Chaparro M.A. Cristancho H.A. Cortina A.L. Gaitán 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(3):291-297
The genetic diversity of 50 wild and semi-wild accessions of the Coffea arabica L. germplasm collection, gathered by the FAO and ORSTOM missions to Ethiopia, and maintained in Colombia by CENICAFE, was evaluated with RAPD markers. The evaluation was carried out in two phases: In phase one, the polymorphism of 8 Ethiopian accessions of different geographic origin, plus the cultivated variety 'Caturra' was assessed with the RAPD technique with forty-two 10-mer oligonucleotides. In phase two, 51 accessions were assessed with a set of 5 polymorphic primers that reproduced, with a correlation of 95%, the groups generated by the 24 polymorphic primers found in phase one. Principal Coordinate Analysis of molecular data revealed that a closely related group consisting of 86% of the Ethiopian C. arabica accessions evaluated are significantly different from the Caturra variety and could be used in a genetic breeding initiative to increase the variability of cultivated varieties. The results also indicate that a larger polymorphism is present in the Colombian replica of FAO Ethiopian coffee germplasm collection than previously reported. 相似文献
6.
Xinhai Li Yiqin Huang Jiansheng Li Harold Corke 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):189-194
Choix, a plant in the tribe Maydeae of the grass family, has been cultivated in Asia for several thousand years. It is a potential gene resource for improvement of other cereal crops because of its nutritional value and tolerance to stress. Genetic variation and relationships among 21 Choix lachryma-jobi L. accessions were characterized by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 205 DNA fragments across all materials were amplified with 31 random primers, averaging 6.61 per primer. Among amplified fragments, 115 showed polymorphism averaging 3.71 per primer. Of amplified markers, 56.1% were polymorphic, indicating considerable variation at the DNA level among these accessions. Some fragments were accession-specific. Pair-wise genetic similarity (GS) among 21 accessions ranged from 0.809 to 0.301. The 21 accessions clustered into two major groups. Three exotic Choix accessions clustered together. Three other Choix accessions, collected from Guangxi, China, clustered into a cohesive subgroup. Four wild types of Choix clustered into the same subgroup. These results indicated that the classification by RAPD data reflected the differences in geographic origins and evolution in Choix. 相似文献
7.
Salhi-Hannachi Amel Trifi Mokhtar Zehdi Salwa Hedfi Jihène Mars Messaoud Rhouma Abdelmajid Marrakchi Mohamed 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(3):269-275
The genetic diversity of 18 Tunisian fig cultivars was investigated at the DNA level using the Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) associated with the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Using a set of primers, the most informative ones were selected that were characterized by an important Resolving power value of 29.6. A total of 47 discernible fragments were scored from samples, with a mean of 11.7 fragments per primer. The 90.4% of sample that were polymorphic were scored as molecular markers to examine the Tunisian fig germplasm polymorphism at DNA level. A large genetic diversity as related to ISSR patterns was found within the local Tunisian fig germplasm. An UPGMA dendrogram exhibits the unstructured variability in this crop. Moreover, the principal component analysis shows that the observed diversity was typically continuous. Our data provide a large number of ISSR markers that are useful in the fingerprinting of Ficus
carica L. cultivars, and in the understanding of the genetic relationships among these accessions. 相似文献
8.
As an oilseed crop, the cultivation of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) is restricted only to Ethiopia. Even though geographic diversity is a potent source of allelic diversity, the extent of genetic diversity among germplasm material of Ethiopian mustard from different countries has not been assessed. Forty-three accessions, comprising 29 accessions from eight different geographic regions of Ethiopia and 14 exotic accessions from Australia, Pakistan, Spain, and Zambia were analysed for their genetic diversity using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. A set of 50 primers yielded a total of 275 polymorphic bands allowing an unequivocal separation of every Ethiopian mustard accession. The usefulness of the 50 RAPD primers in measuring heterozygousity and distinguishing accessions was variable such that polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.05 to 0.40, band informativeness (BI) from 0.05 to 0.65 and primer resolving power (RP) from 0.15 to 6.83. Jaccard's similarity coefficients ranged from 0.44 to 0.87 indicating the presence of a high level of genetic diversity. On the average, Australian and Ethiopian accessions were the most similar while, Spanish and Zambian accessions were the most distant ones. Cluster analysis grouped the 43 accessions into four groups, which has quite a high fit (r = 0.80) to the original similarity matrix. With no prior molecular information, the RAPD technique detected large genetic diversity among the 43 accessions from five different countries and their grouping by dendrogram and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was inclined towards geographic differentiation of RAPD markers. Conversely, RAPD differentiation along geographic origin was not apparent within the Ethiopian accessions. 相似文献
9.
The genetic diversity of 70 Houttuynia Thunb. accessions from Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou and Jiangsu province in China were
tested by using random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMP) markers. All of the 43 primer combinations were found
to amplify polymorphic products. A total of 304 products were amplified. Of which, 97.7 products were polymorphic. 6.9 polymorphic
bands were amplified by each primer combination on average. The genetic similarity (GS) between the accessions within H. emeiensis
and H. cordata were 0.660 and 0.575, respectively. The GS between two species was 0.525. The GS values between H. emeiensis
and the H. cordata cytotype with the chromosome number of 36 was 0.559, higher than that between H. emeiensis and the cytotypes
of H. cordata with other chromosome numbers. Within the species H. cordata, the genetic variation between cultivated and wild
accessions was insignificant. The results of cluster analysis by using UPGMA method showed that all the tested accessions
could be differentiated by RAMP markers, and classified into 11 groups. Many accessions with the same chromosome numbers could
be classified together. The genetic diversity was more plentiful in mountainous and margin areas of the Sichuan Basin than
at the bottom of the Basin and the highlands or hills surrounding it. It was concluded that there existed higher genetic diversity
at the molecular level (RAMP markers) among the germplasm resources of the genus Houttuynia. The genetic relationships and
phylogeny of the germplasm resources of Houttuynia were also discussed. 相似文献
10.
The genetic diversity and similarities among 32 Kengyilia accessions, distributed to 14 species and one variety were analyzed by using random amplified microsatellite polymorphism
(RAMP) markers. Of the 160 RAMP primer combinations tested, 40 (25%) produced polymorphic and clear bands. A total of 264
bands were produced by 40 primer combinations, among which 231 out of 264 bands (87.5%) were polymorphic. Two to 11 polymorphic
bands could be amplified from each primer combination, with an average of 5.8 bands. The data of 264 bands were used for RAMP
assay. By NTSYS-pc program, genetic similarity coefficients were generated and dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA. The
genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.477 to 0.965 with the mean of 0.714. The results showed as follows: (1) distinct
genetic differences were present among the different species; (2) the different accessions in a species were clustered together,
respectively, which had larger genetic similarities and closer relations; (3) the species with similar morphological characters
and the species from the same areas or neighboring geographical regions were clustered together; (4) the lowest genetic similarity
was found between K. hirsuta (PI531618) and K. laxiflora (PI531631), while the highest genetic similarity was observed between K. hirsuta (Y2364) and K. hirsuta (Y2368); (5) RAMP results are basically comparable with those obtained from studies on morphology and cytology. It is a useful
method for analysis of the genetic diversity and similarities in Kengyilia. 相似文献
11.
12.
To improve understanding of diversity of Lablab purpureus and establish relationships among 103 germplasm accessions collected from diverse geographic origins, amplified fragment
length polymorphism markers were used. Four primer sets selected out of 16 produced 289 clear, repeatable polymorphisms. UPGMA
analysis of similarity data clustered the accessions according to their subspecific taxonomic organization, i.e., subsp. purpureus and subsp. uncinatus, as well as to cultivated and wild forms. The well-represented landraces from Africa and Asia, belonging predominantly to
subsp. purpureus, displayed moderate genetic diversity. Wild forms from Africa showed far greater levels of diversity that would justify taxonomic
re-assessment of the wild subsp. uncinatus. The molecular analysis identified forms that were collected in the wild in India but were genetically placed intermediate
between wild and cultivated forms. As these plant types did not exist among the African accessions, it is suggested that they
might represent escapes from early attempts of domestication. These results support the suggested pathway of domestication
and distribution of L. purpureus from Africa to Asia. Additional members to a previously published core collection of the species are proposed. 相似文献
13.
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was employed to assess genetic divergence among 29 neem accessions collected from two agro-ecological regions of India (11 agro-climatic sub-zones), which cover three states, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. Out of 24, 10-mer random primers used for studying genetic divergence, 14 were polymorphic, generating a total of 73 amplification products with an average of 5.21 products per polymorphic primer and estimated gene diversity of 0.49. Genetic relationships among accessions were evaluated by generating a similarity matrix based on Jaccard’s coefficient, ranging from 0.70 to 0.96. The phenetic dendrogram generated by UPGMA analysis grouped accessions into five clusters. RAPD performed within accessions (individual seedlings collected from the same mother plant) showed no variation indicating homogeneous population within accessions. Primers OPA-18, OPC-08 and OPI-03 were found most informative based on their resolving power. The degree of genetic variation detected among the 29 accessions with RAPD analysis suggests that RAPD can be used for studying genetic diversity in neem. The study also demonstrated that neem germplasm collected from northwestern plains of India shows no eco-geographical isolation based on sub-zones because accessions collected from different sub-regions are grouping together in the genetic tree. 相似文献
14.
Bernardette Primieri Carelli Lee Tseng Sheng Gerald Felipe Gobbi Grazziotin Sergio Echeverrigaray 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(2):395-400
Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers (RAPD) were used to estimate the variability of 35 tomato accessions (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). A total of 257 reproducibly scorable bands were obtained from 20 primers, 78.6% of which were polymorphic. The percentage
distribution of RAPD markers shows a bimodal distribution, and the frequency of rare alleles is similar in commercial and
landrace accessions. Genetic distances among accessions were calculated and a dendrogram showing the genetic relationships
among them was constructed allowing for the separation of four groups. Twenty out of 23 Brazilian landraces fell within one
group, whereas commercial cultivars were distributed in the four groups. AMOVA analysis of RAPD data showed that, despite
the high within Brazilian landraces and commercial cultivars variation, these two groups are significantly different, indicating
that landraces can be a source of variation for breeding programs. 相似文献
15.
V. Sérgio Emílio Dos Santos M. Aparecido Gimenes J. Francisco Montenegro Valls C. Romero Lopes 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(8):841-848
Some Arachis species are widely used as commercial plants, e.g. the groundnut A. hypogaea, an important source of good quality protein and oil, and A. pintoi and A. glabrata, that are utilized as forage species. Germplasm of most Arachis species is available in germplasm banks. However, little it is known about the genetic attributes of this germplasm, and mainly about its genetic variability, which is very important for its maintenance. In the present study RAPDs were used to assay the genetic variation within and among 48 accessions of five sections of the genus Arachis and to establish the genetic relationships among these accessions. Ten of 34 primers tested were selected for DNA amplification reactions since they yielded the largest numbers of polymorphic loci. A dendrogram was constructed based on data from the 10 primers selected. Eighty RAPD polymorphic bands were analyzed among the accessions studied. The relationships among species based on RAPDs were similar to those previously reported based on morphological, cytological and crossability data; demonstrating that RAPDs can be used to determine the genetic relationships among species of the different sections of the genus Arachis. In general, wide variation was found among accessions and low variation was found within the accessions that had two or more plants analyzed. However, higher polymorphism was found in the section Trierectoides and in one accession of A. major, indicating that generalizations should be avoided and each species should be analyzed in order to establish collection and maintenance strategies. 相似文献
16.
To evaluate the genetic diversity and to clarify the genetic relationships of Japanese peach cultivars, we analyzed the amplified
fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and traced the pedigree of 17 Japanese commercial peach cultivars and six traditional
accessions. Sixteen AFLP primer combinations produced a total of 837 fragments and 146 polymorphic bands with a polymorphism
percentage of 17.5%. All of the peach accessions could be identified from differences in at least 10 polymorphic bands. A
cluster analysis showed that all the Japanese commercial peach cultivars, except ‘Kiyomi’ and ‘Jichigetsuto’, formed a major
group consisting of three sub-groups. Of the six traditional accessions, four were genetically distant from the Japanese commercial
peach cultivars while two accessions from China were classified into the Japanese commercial peach cultivars group. Both the
AFLP analysis and pedigree tracing suggested that Japanese commercial peach cultivars are mainly derived from ‘Shanhai Suimitsuto’,
one of the traditional accessions from China. Although the genetic relationships revealed by AFLP were generally in agreement
with those shown by the pedigree information, some contradictions were found. Combining the AFLP results and pedigree information
can provide a better understanding of the genetic relationships of Japanese peach cultivars. 相似文献
17.
Manoj Tiwari N. K. Singh Meenal Rathore Narendra Kumar 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(3):315-324
A set of 99 common bean germplasm collected from central Himalaya was investigated for their genetic variability using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Ten oligonucleotide primers, selected from 60 initially screened, generated 123 amplicon products. Of these, two amplicons were shared by all the accessions whereas 112 were polymorphic at least in two pair wise comparison. Nine unique bands identified were as low as 0.32 kb M.W. to as high as 3.5 kb and were confined to eight collections. All primers produced polymorphic amplicons though the extent of polymorphism varied with each primer. The primer OPF-17 was found to be most powerful and efficient as it generated a total of 17 bands of which 15 were polymorphic. RAPD markers data were analysed statistically using NTSYSpc.2.02e software and a dendrogram was generated using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient. The similarity coefficient values varied from 0.19 to 0.91. Grouping analysis revealed the categorization of 99 germplasm into 12 major branches with different level of similarity. Three branches namely branch 2, 3 and 5 out of 12 had only one accession. Branch 1 which consisted of three accessions was the most divergent as revealed by Jaccard’s similarity coefficient. Branching pattern of the accessions did not show any correlation with morphological data or altitudinal alignment of the accessions. 相似文献
18.
Rui-Wu Yang Yong-Hong Zhou Ying Zhang You-Liang Zheng Chun-Bang Ding 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(1):139-144
The genetic diversity and similarities among 40 accessions of Leymus Hochst., distributed in 19 species and 1 subspecies, were analyzed by using random amplified microsatellite polymorphism
(RAMP) markers. Of the 120 RAMP primer combinations tested, 24 (20%) produced polymorphic and clear bands. A total of 192
bands were amplified by 24 primer combinations, among which 179 (93.23%) bands were found to be polymorphic. Three to thirteen
polymorphic bands were amplified by each primer combination, with an average of 7.64 bands. The data of 192 RAMP bands were
used to generate Jaccard's similarity coefficients and to construct a dendrogram by means of UPGMA in the NTSYS-pc computer
program. The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.10 to 0.73 with the mean of 0.34. The results showed as follows:
(1) Distinct genetic differences were present among the different species; (2) The different accessions in a species were
clustered together, respectively, which had larger genetic similarities and closer relations; (3) The species with similar
morphological characters and the species from the same areas or neighboring geographical regions were clustered together;
(4) RAMP results are basically comparable with those obtained from studies on morphology. It is a useful method for analysis
of the genetic diversity and similarities in Leymus. 相似文献
19.
Forty-seven samples of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) collected from eight locations in Egypt were studied using four sets of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)
markers with near infrared fluorescence labeled primers. These samples belonged to 21 named accessions and 9 of unknown pedigrees.
A total of 350 bands were scored and 233 (66.6%) were polymorphic. Twenty-seven Egyptian accessions and ‘Medjool’and ‘Deglet
Noor’accessions from California could beclassified into the major cluster. This major cluster may represent a major group
of date palm germplasm in North Africa. There were four other clusters, each containing one or two accessions. The variety
‘Halawy’and one accession of unknown provenance were most likely from hybridization between two clusters. Six groups of accessions
of which had the same names, revealed similar but not identical AFLP profiles suggesting these accessions might derive from
seedlings rather thanthrough clonal offshoot propagation. 相似文献
20.
Fábio Luís Maciel Sergio Echeverrigaray Lee Tseng Sheng Gerald Felipe Gobbi Grazziotin 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(8):887-893
The genetic variation and relationships among 31 accessions of Phaseolus vulgaris L., and two representatives of Vigna unguiculata L., were evaluated by AFLP analysis. A total of 263 DNA fragments across all materials were scored using nine primer combinations, averaging 32 per primer. More than 95% of the amplification products showed polymorphism, indicating high variation at the DNA level among these accessions. Pair-wise genetic similarity (Jaccard's coefficient) ranged from 0.553 to 0.840, with a mean of 0.765. Twenty-three accessions (70%) clustered into three groups. A majority of the commercial cultivars (91%) clustered within a single group, whereas the landraces were distributed along all the variation. An apparent correlation with phaseolin types was detected. Results of this study suggest that Brazilian landraces truly represent the overall genetic variability of Phaseolus vulgaris, confirming the multiple origins of these materials, and their potential as a source of variation for breeding programs. 相似文献