Four Thousand Years of Atmospheric Pb,Cd and Zn Deposition Recorded by the Ombrotrophic Peat Bog of Penido Vello (Northwestern Spain)

The Northwestern Iberian Peninsula is a mid-latitude oceanic region with areas where different types of bogs are frequent or abundant. The ombrotrophic nature of some bogs make them suitable for the study of accumulation patterns of heavy metals. One of these bogs, Penido Vello, was sampled to a depth of 2.5 m and analyzed in detail for its physico-chemical properties and Pb, Zn and Cd concentrations. Ash and organic carbon content, Ca/Mg molar ratios and a number of other characteristics support an ombrotrophic interpretation of the core. Concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cd were measured, showing important variations in the core. While Zn and Cd are concentrated mainly in the upper sections of the core with minor changes with depth, the Pb profile shows significant peaks in the deeper layers suggesting pre-industrial atmospheric pollution. Enrichment factors (EFs) calculated by normalising to Al correlate well with those calculated by normalising to Ti. Maximum EFs are 33, 56 and 52 for Pb, Zn and Cd respectively. While for Pb these values are comparable to those obtained by other authors, maximum Zn EFs are greater than those mentioned in the literature and may be attributed to the emissions of a nearby coal-burning power plant. At least for Pb the accumulation pattern suggests that atmospheric pollution can be dated back some 2800 years, and that pollution increased steadily since the Iron Age to reach considerably elevated levels, up to 5 times the ‘background’, during the Roman Empire. Changes in Pb emissions through time are in good accord with the prehistorical and historical record of the Iberian Peninsula.     

Natural and anthropogenic enrichments of As,Cu, Pb,Sb, and Zn in ombrotrophic versus minerotrophic peat bog profiles,Jura Mountains,Switzerland

Peat cores were taken from two contrasting Sphagnum bogs in the Jura Mountains of Switzerland. At Etang de la Gruyere (EGr), 6.5 m of peat has accumulated during the past 10,000 years. In the first 100 cm of this profile there are several distinct peaks in ash content, but the values are well within the range for typical ombrotrophic Sphagnum bogs. There is also considerable variation in the concentrations of major and trace lithogenic metals (Al, Ti, Sc, Ca, Mg, Rb, and Sr), but most of this is simply a reflection of the natural variations in the amount of mineral matter in the peats. The Ca/Mg molar ratios in the peats at EGr are comparable to or lower than the average rainwater composition in this area, showing that this section of the peat core is ombrotrophic (i.e. rainwater-fed). In other words, the inorganic constituents in the surface peats at EGr were supplied exclusively by atmospheric deposition. This peat core, therefore, is suitable for studying the historical record of atmospheric metal deposition. Arsenic, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn are all more abundant in surface and near surface peat layers compared to deeper parts of the profile. Enrichment factors (EFs) for the profile were calculated conservatively by normalizing the metal/Sc ratios of individual peat samples to the average of the five lowest metal/Sc ratios in this part of the core (69–84 cm); these are tentatively assumed to represent pre-Industrial background values. The maximum EFs are approximately 5 times for Cu, 15 times for As, and 30 to 50 times for Pb, Sb, and Zn. At La Tourbière des Genevez (TGe), 1.5 m of peat represents 4,800 years of peat formation. At this site, the ash contents are higher and increase progressively with depth to values which are characteristic of minerotrophic fen peats. The concentration profiles of Al, Ti, Sc, Ca, Mg, Rb, Sr show the same general trend. The Ca/Mg molar ratios of these peats are generally twice the rainwater average, showing that this bog is essentially minerotrophic (ie groundwater-fed). Thus, the inorganic cccstituents in these peats were provided by both atmospheric and hydrospheric processes. Despite this, the Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn concentrations are generally very similar to those at EGr, especially in the uppermost part of the profile, indicating that recent atmospheric inputs also dominate the supply of these metals to this bog. However, the minimum Pb and Sb concentrations in this profile are approximately five times higher than the corresponding values at EGr. The minerotrophic profile at TGT, therefore, could not by itself be used to calculate rates of atmospheric Pb and Sb deposition because it is impossible to distinguish between atmospheric and hydrospheric metal inputs. At TGe, As concentrations increase continuously with depth, reaching concentrations in the deeper, older peats which are more than 50 times higher than the ‘background’ As values at EGr. At this site the natural supply of As by mineral soil water completely masks the recent, elevated inputs contributed by atmospheric deposition. Thus, the peat core from TGe is also unsuitable for studying atmospheric As deposition.     

Influence of pollution and acidification on metal concentrations in Finnish Lapland lake sediments

Fifteen Finnish Lapland lakes have been investigated to study pollution levels and possible acidification effects on nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and aluminium (Al) concentrations in sediments. Four lakes have average water pH lower than 6.0 and alkalinity lower than 0.050 meq/1. Contamination factor (C_f, ratio of metal concentrations in the uppermost to the deepest layers for a given lake sediment core) of Pb is high, particularly for acidic and acidifying lakes (C_f=5.2–10.4). Ni, Cu, Co, Zn and Cd concentrations increase insignificantly towards sediment surface of some lakes (with a neutral pH) with the rare exception. The influence of passible lake acidification consists of decreasing Cu, Cd, Al, Zn concentrations and organic material contents (loss on ignition) towards the sediment surface. The buffer capacity index (BCI), determined as the ratio of the sum of alkaline and alkaline-earth metals (K, Na, Ca, Mg) to Al, is lower for acidic lakes (from 0.12 to 0.36), whereas for the other lakes the BCI values are higher (from 0.42 to 1.34). Thus, BCI-values, decreased contents of Al, Cd, Zn and Cu, as well as organic matter contents (OMC in the upper lake sediment suggest acidification of freshwater environments.     

Evaluating the Contribution of Long-Range Transport of Heavy Metals from the Asian Continent to Their Concentrations in Sediment Cores from Lake Shinji,Western Japan

The historical trend of heavy metal pollution recorded in sediment cores from Lake Shinji, western Japan, was investigated to evaluate the contribution of increasing long-range transport of heavy metals from the Asian continent in recent years. The concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn and lead isotope ratios were determined for sediment cores collected at two sites in the lake. Among the metals, Cd, Sb, and Zn showed markedly high concentrations since the 1970s. Moreover, a high Pb concentration and less radiogenic lead isotope ratios have been observed since the 1980s in the core from a site close to the mouth of a major river. Air masses from the Asian continent, including China, Russia, and South Korea, have less radiogenic lead isotope ratios than those from Japan. This suggests that the recent increase in Pb concentration in the sediment core is primarily due to the long-range transport of heavy metals from the Asian continent, followed by their deposition in the catchment area of the river. The concentration ratios of Pb/Cd, Pb/Sb, and Pb/Zn of the sediment around 2000 were calculated on the basis of the metal concentrations in excess of those before 1940. They were then compared with the volume-weighted annual average concentration ratios of Pb/Cd, Pb/Sb, and Pb/Zn of rain samples collected on the shore of the lake for 1999–2001. The result showed that the ratios of the former to the latter are 1.0 for Cd, 0.69 for Sb, and 0.31 for Zn. Thus, it is likely that the long-range transport of Cd and Sb from the Asian continent also contributes significantly to the recent increase in the concentrations of these metals in the sediment core from Lake Shinji. For Zn, however, the contribution from the Asian continent was evaluated to be small, suggesting the importance of local sources such as effluent discharges.     

开封市某高校校园地表灰尘重金属分布特征及生态风险评估

【目的】高校校园地表灰尘重金属污染关系到师生健康,探究其地表灰尘重金属环境风险,可为高校校园管理提供数据支持。【方法】采集开封市某高校校园内外地表灰尘52个样品,测定样品中重金属镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)和锌(Zn)的含量,使用地积累指数法和潜在生态风险指数法分析重金属的污染程度和生态风险。【结果】高校地表灰尘重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn平均含量分别为1.05、88.36、47.04、29.76、68.72和328.87 mg kg^-1,其中Cd和Zn含量分别为当地灰尘背景值的3.49倍和4.26倍。地积累指数分析表明,地表灰尘重金属污染指数平均值由高到低依次为Zn> Cd> Pb> Cu> Cr> Ni,其中Zn与Cd处于偏中度污染,Pb,Cu和Cr处于轻度污染,Ni处于无污染状态。潜在生态风险评价表明,高校地表灰尘中6种重金属综合潜在生态风险指数为144.53,属于“轻微”生态风险等级,其中Cd是该高校地表灰尘中最主要的生态风险影响因子。正定矩阵因子分析法(PMF)表明,Cr和Ni主要来...     

抚仙湖重金属污染强度、历史及来源的沉积记录

This study focused on the concentration change of heavy metals of sediment cores in heavily polluted north area and less polluted middle area of Fuxian Lake in Southwest China.On the basis of the analysis of Cu,Ni,Ti,V,Pb,Cd,and Zn concentration-depth profiles,the pollution history of heavy metals was studied using ¹³⁷cesium (¹³⁷Cs) dating.The sources of heavy metals were distinguished by normalization of their profiles to aluminum and analysis of heavy metal concentrations of potential source materials.Geoaccumulation index (I_geo) was used to quantify their contamination intensity.The results showed that all the heavy metals found in the Fuxian Lake sediments originated naturally before 1980s.Cu,Ni,Ti,and V were still mainly natural in the north lake after 1980s,Cu,Ni,Ti,V,and Pb were mainly natural in the middle lake at all time,but the concentrations of Pb and Zn in the north lake were influenced by industrial wastes from the phosphorus fertilizer factory and cement plants.In all the lake,the contaminations of Cd and Zn were the results of agricultural cultivation using a large amount of fertilizers and the atmospheric fallouts of dusts from cement plants.At present,the geoaccumulation indices showed that the Fuxian Lake sediments were moderately to strongly polluted by Cd in the middle lake,and unpolluted to moderately polluted by Pb and Zn and strongly polluted by Cd in the north lake.Moreover,the pollution intensities of Cd,Zn,and Pb have been increased since 1980s.     

土壤重金属污染的生态风险评估分析:个案研究

研究了浙江富阳某乡土壤重金属污染,并应用概率方法评估了土壤重金属的生态风险。结果表明,研究区土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd污染严重,平均值分别为290、794、205、2.1mg/kg。生态风险评估表明,土壤重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd对生物种类的风险概率分别为30%、53%、15%和5%,而对生态过程的风险概率分别为44%、70%、13%和0.6%。空间分析表明,研究区有一半以上地区土壤Zn污染对生物种类的影响达75%以上。从保护生态受体来说,对研究区重金属污染的土壤进行修复和风险管理时需要优先针对土壤Zn的污染。     

Heavy metal inputs to Mississippi Delta sediments

Heavy metal concentrations were determined in suspended particulates, filtered water and sediment collected in the Mississippi River and from its marine delta. More than 90% of the metal load of the river is associated with particulate matter, which is relatively constant in chemical composition with time and place. The Mississippi River suspended material is similar to average crystal rocks in Fe, Al, V, Cr, Cu, Co, Mn, and Ni concentration but is generally enriched in Zn, Cd and Pb. Sediment cores dated by the Pb 210 method show that the Cd and Pb enrichments are recent phenomenon and are most likely due to the activities of man. About 6000 tonne of Pb and 300 tonne of Cd are being added to the delta sediments by man each year, more than 30 times the amount added to the Southern California Bight. River particulate matter is essentially identical to deltaic sediments in Al, Fe, Cr, V, Cd and Pb concentration, but the sediments are depleted in Co, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn by 20 to 40%. Chemical leaching of the solids show the metal losses to be primarily from the oxide phase, suggesting diagenetic reduction and mobilization as a mechanism. Trace metal concentrations in filtered Mississippi River water were below the limits for safe drinking water and were similar to world average river values. The abundant river suspended matter and high pH combine to keep dissolved trace metal concentrations low.     

The Historical Record of Metals in Sediments from Six Lakes in the Fraser River Basin,British Columbia

Sediment cores were collected from six lakes (Moose, Stuart, Chilko, Kamloops, Nicola and Harrison Lakes) distributed throughout the Fraser River Basin, British Columbia. The cores were dated primarily from ²¹⁰Pb profiles and dating was corroborated by counting laminae and by using ¹³⁷Cs as a discrete time marker. The cores were analyzed for a suite of metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) and organic carbon. The data were evaluated in the context of post-1900 contamination by metals in the Fraser River basin. Overall, lake sediments from the Fraser Basin remain relatively pristine in terms of metal contamination, exhibiting only minor metal enrichments in layers dating from industrial times (post-1900). Stuart Lake, which received Hg contamination from a mine on Pinchi Lake, shows a clear contaminant Hg signal. Pb exhibits ubiquitous contamination in five of the six lakes studied. The Pb enrichments are minor (ranging from 8.4 to 30.9 μg g^-1) and consistent with local automotive emissions from the use of leaded gasoline possibly augmented by long-range transport from industrial and municipal centers along the west coast. The largest Pb fluxes were observed in Kamloops, Moose and Harrison Lakes, each of which has either a highway or a large urban centre as a local source of Pb. This watershed-scale evaluation offers a unique opportunity to compare the relative importance of local and regional sources of contamination.     

朝天委陵菜的重金属耐性与吸收性研究

利用植物生长室水培试验和温室土培盆栽试验的方法,研究了朝天委陵菜在不同浓度Pb水培条件下和Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd复合污染土壤条件下的重金属耐性和吸收性,结果表明,水培条件下随着处理浓度的增加,朝天委陵菜均生长良好,虽高浓度Pb处理下出现植株矮小、叶渐黄、根系变黑等毒害症状,但植株并未死亡,表明在水培条件下朝天委陵菜对Pb具有极强的耐性;在最高浓度3 600μmol/L Pb处理下地上部和根中Pb浓度达到最大值,分别为947 mg/kg和71 053 mg/kg。在温室土培盆栽条件下,朝天委陵菜在外加Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd分别为200、1 000、1 000和5 mg/kg的土壤上较对照生长受到抑制,地上部Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd浓度分别达到741±164、18 248±2 222、1 543±483和29.4±5.2 mg/kg;外加重金属更高时则导致植株死亡。朝天委陵菜对Pb胁迫和Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd复合污染土壤具有较强的耐受性,可作为重金属尤其是Pb污染土壤的修复植物。     

福建闽江河口湿地土壤重金属污染特征及评价研究

为掌握福建闽江河口湿地重金属污染特征,对闽江河口湿地不同监测点重金属污染状况进行全面调查采样,利用综合污染指数法和地累积指数法对重金属污染状况进行评价。结果表明,福建闽江河口湿地重金属污染比较严重,除Ni和Cr外,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Mn均超过土壤环境质量标准（I级）。除Ni和Cr单项污染指数无污染外,其他监测点均有不同程度的重金属污染,污染程度表现为Pb〉Cu〉Zn〉Cd;综合污染指数除潭头港和鳝鱼滩为轻度污染,其他6个监测点均达到中度污染以上,表明闽江河口湿地存在严重的重金属复合污染。地累积指数除Pb、Zn、Cd污染达到中或轻度污染水平,其他重金属均无污染。     

Spatial distribution of soil heavy metal concentrations as indicator of pollution sources at Mount Križna (Great Fatra,central Slovakia)

The objective of this study was to test the suitability of a simple approach to identify the direction from where airborne heavy metals reach the study area as indication of their sources. We examined the distribution of heavy metals in soil profiles and along differently exposed transects. Samples were taken from 10 soils derived from the same parent material along N-, S-, and SE-exposed transects at 0—10, 10—20, and 20—40 cm depth and analyzed for total Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations. The heavy metal concentrations at 0—10 cm were larger than background concentrations in German arable soils except for Cr (Cd: 0.6—1.8 mg kg^—1; Cr: 39—67; Cu: 40—77; Ni: 87—156; Pb: 48—94; Zn: 71—129; Fe: 26—34 g kg^—1; Mn: 1.1—2.4). Decreasing Cd, Cu, Mn, and Pb concentrations with increasing soil depth pointed at atmospheric inputs. Aluminum and Ni concentrations increased with soil depth. Those of Fe, Cr, and Zn did not change with depth indicating that inputs at most equalled leaching losses. The Pb accumulation in the surface layer (i.e. the ratio between the Pb concentrations at 0—10 to those at 20—40 cm depth) was most pronounced at N-exposed sites; Pb obviously reached Mount Križna mainly by long-range transport from N where several industrial agglomerations are located. Substantial Cd, Cu, and Mn accumulations at the S- and SE-exposed sites indicated local sources such as mining near to the study area which probably are also the reason for slight Cr and Zn accumulations in the SE-exposed soils. Based on a principal component analysis of the total concentrations in the topsoils four metal groups may be distinguished: 1. Cr, Ni, Zn; 2. Mn, Cd; 3. Pb (positive loading), Cu (negative loading); 4. Al, Fe, indicating common sources and distribution patterns. The results demonstrate that the spatial distribution of soil heavy metal concentrations can be used as indication of the location of pollution sources.     

南宁市郊部分菜区土壤和蔬菜重金属污染评价

对南宁市郊 1 2个主要菜区土壤和蔬菜中重金属 ( Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb)含量调查和分析测定 ,采用重金属污染单因子评价方法对土壤重金属污染状况进行评价 ,以国家规定的蔬菜卫生标准评价蔬菜重金属污染状况 ,结果表明 :南宁市郊部分蔬菜区土壤不同程度地受到了 Cu、 Zn、 Cd、 Pb的污染 ,依次是 :Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu;蔬菜中 Cd、 Pb积累较 Cu、 Zn高 ,供试点中大部分蔬菜 Cd、 Pb含量超出了国家规定的蔬菜卫生标准     

新乡市大棚菜田土壤重金属积累特征及污染评价

采用微波消解-ICP-AES技术,测定不同种植年限大棚菜田土壤样品中As、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu等重金属的含量,研究不同种植年限与大棚菜田土壤重金属累积的相关性以及大棚菜田土壤重金属累积特征,并利用地积累指数法进行污染评价。结果表明:大棚菜田土壤重金属Zn、Pb、Ni、Mn和Cu的含量与种植年限具有极显著相关性;大棚菜田土壤中重金属Cd和Cr的含量与种植年限不相关。重金属元素间相关性分析表明,Zn与Pb、Cd、Ni、Mn、Cr、Cu,Pb与Cd、Ni、Mn、Cr、Cu,Cd与Ni、Mn、Cr,Ni与Mn、Cr、Cu,Mn与Cr、Cu具有污染同源性,Cu与Cd、Cr不具有污染同源性。地积累指数法污染评价结果显示Cd的污染等级达到了6级,已构成了极严重污染;Zn和Cu的污染等级达到2级,已构成了中度污染;Pb、Mn的污染等级达到1级,已经构成了轻~中度污染;As、Ni、Cr均未构成污染。     

不同城市功能区绿地土壤重金属分布及其生态风险评价

对山东中部某典型城市9个城市功能区64个绿地土壤样品中的Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd 4种重金属元素含量进行了测定,评价了土壤重金属污染特征及其生态风险。结果表明:各功能区绿地表层土壤Cu,Zn,Pb和Cd的平均含量均高于当地自然植被土壤背景值,已表现出富集状态,其中Cd平均含量超标严重;工业区、风景名胜区、商业区和居民区等绿地土壤污染程度居前;单因子污染评价表明,该市绿地土壤中Cu,Zn和Pb已处于潜在污染状态,而Cd已经处于重污染状态;综合污染评价研究表明,处于“中度污染”污染级别的绿地类型有工业绿地、商业区绿地、风景名胜区和居住区绿地,而且苗木生产区和道路绿地也接近“中度污染”级别;潜在生态危害评价表明,该市绿地土壤处于轻微生态风险,但Cd潜在生态危害指数已经处于中等生态风险;土壤中Cu-Zn,Cu-Cd,Pb-Cd显著相关,Cu-Pb,Zn-Cd极显著相关,重金属之间存在一定复合污染现象,表明这些重金属元素的来源可能相同。该市绿地土壤Cd污染的防治应该引起重视。     

Influence of Airborne Pollution on Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Al Accumulation and Physiological Parameters of Plant Leaves in Antakya (Turkey)

In this study, the effects of industrial and urban pollution on Pb, Al, Cd, Cu, and Zn accumulation, peroxidase activity, and pigment and protein contents were investigated in shrub and tree leaves in Antakya, Turkey. We determined that industrial and traffic activities produce the most plant-incorporated air pollutants in Antakya City. Cu and Al amounts were high in plants in the urban street location and Cd, Pb, and Zn amounts where high for all plants in the industrial site. Acer negundo L. showed maximum Pb and Zn accumulation at the industrial site and Al accumulation for the urban street site. Higher Cd and Cu amounts were detected in Platanus orientalis L. and Nerium oleander L. in the industrial and urban street sites, respectively. Compared to the control site, decreases in pigment and total soluble protein contents and increases in peroxidase enzyme activity were more evident in industrial and urban street sites. Our results indicated that industry and urban air pollution is high in Antakya City and Pb pollution was at an especially alarming level for vegetation and human health.     

沈哈高速公路两侧土壤重金属污染特征及评价

为探讨高速公路对农田土壤重金属污染的影响,对沈哈高速公路两侧农田60个土壤样品Ph、Cu、Zn、Cd分布状况进行了分析。结果表明,高速公路两侧在距路肩0—320m范围内,Cu、Pb和Zn全量和有效态含量总体上呈现随距离增加而降低的趋势,Cd的变化规律不明显。高速公路两侧的土壤已不同程度出现重金属富集现象,其中Pb属轻度污染且主要集中在东侧距路肩20m处,Cd属重度污染。受研究地点主导风向的影响,高速公路东侧农田土壤的Ph含量明显高于西侧。高速公路旁土壤重金属以Ph、Cd污染为主,污染物主要来源于汽车尾气。     

宜兴地区水稻土PbCdCuZn污染及垂直分布特性研究

通过测定宜兴地区34个采样点水稻糙米和不同土层（0～20、20～40、40～60和60～80cm）中Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn含量,利用单项污染指数法和内梅罗污染指数法对土壤表层和糙米重金属含量进行评价,同时分析4种重金属在土壤剖面中的分布规律以及在糙米中的富集特性。结果表明,水稻土表层Ph、Cd、Cu和Zn的平均含量都处于未污染水平,综合评价结果属于清洁（安全）等级;糙米Ph、Cd、Cu和Zn的平均含量也都处在未污染水平,综合评价结果也属清洁（安全）等级。水稻土Ph和Cd的剖面分布属于表层富集型,表层主要受人类活动的影响,而下层跟母质有关;Cu和Zn的剖面分布同属均匀分布型,表层含量略高与人为因素有关,20～40cm和40～60cm含量略低,可能是因为水稻的吸收作用,60—80cm含量比上层都稍高,主要是受成土母质的影响。糙米中4种元素的富集能力存在极显著差异,其大小顺序为Zn（0.282）〉Cd（0．234）〉Cu（0．198）〉Pb（0．014）;糙米Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn的含量与土壤表层相应元素的全量具有极显著的正相关关系,相关系数分别达到0．905、0．925、0．939和0．957;糙米中Cd与Cd／Zn比具有极显著的正相关关系（0．837）,糙米Cd／Zn比为0．002,远低于临界值0．015。     

苏南某冶炼厂周边农田土壤重金属分布及风险评价

选择江苏南部冶炼厂周边污染的水稻田,采集耕层0～15cm的土壤,分析土壤中重金属Cd、Pb、Hg、As、Zn、Cu的污染程度及其空间变异特征。结果表明,土壤Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Hg的全量随着距污染源距离的增加而减少,呈现由东北向西南扩散的趋势,As则是由西北向东南扩散。6种重金属中Cd、Hg的污染范围相对较大,Zn的污染范围最小。DTPA浸提的6种重金属有效态含量都是距污染源距离越远而越少。采用内梅罗综合污染指数法对土壤中的重金属进行风险评价,土壤重金属的综合污染指数为39.27,污染程度已超过5级,为重度污染,其中Cd、Hg污染最为严重,含量范围分别为3.98～44.58mg·kg-1、0.36～2.01mg·kg-1,As为中度污染,Pb、Cu、Zn则为轻度污染,说明研究区域农产品安全生产存在很大的风险。     

芜湖市工业区土壤重金属污染状况研究

通过对芜湖工业区(四褐山区、马塘区)土壤中重金属污染状况的调查,结果表明:土壤中重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd)含量绝大部分高于土壤元素背景值。在四褐山工业区,Cu污染最严重,Cd次之;在马塘工业区,Cd污染最严重,Zn次之。土壤中重金属含量基本上与土壤pH呈负相关关系,而重金属总量与可浸提态含量呈正相关关系。土壤中重金属污染来源主要是污水,大气粉尘沉降也是一个重要因素。