浅谈犬糖尿病

糖尿病是由于胰岛素相对或绝对缺乏,致使糖代谢发生紊乱的一种内分泌疾病[1].其特点是高血糖、糖尿.临床上为多食、多饮、多尿和体重减轻,并常伴有并发症而使病情加重.本文就犬糖尿病的病因与分类、发病机理、诊断、治疗与监测综述如下.     

猫糖尿病降糖制剂的研究进展

糖尿病是一种以高血糖为特征的,由动物胰岛素分泌出现不足造成的一种营养代谢性疾病;猫最常见的糖尿病形式与人类的Ⅱ型糖尿病相似,主要涉及胰岛素抵抗和B细胞功能障碍.由于近年来猫糖尿病例的逐年增加,糖尿病治疗也在不断的发展与改善.目前猫糖尿病的治疗方式较单一,主要通过胰岛素制剂结合其他方式来治疗.本文详细阐述常用于猫的不同降...     

犬猫糖尿病的诊断治疗分析

随着人们生活质量的不断提升,犬猫等宠物的饲养数量逐渐增加,疾病问题也呈上升趋势。糖尿病是犬猫疾病当中最为常见的一种,患病犬猫表现多饮、多尿、多食,甚至死亡,不利于犬猫的健康生长,应加强对犬猫糖尿病的诊断,并找出有效的治疗措施。     

犬猫糖尿病的营养解决方案

糖尿病（Diabetes Mellitus,DM）是由于胰岛素绝对或相对分泌不足,导致糖代谢紊乱的一种内分泌疾病。临床上以多尿、多饮、多食和体重减轻为主要特征。近年来随着宠物食品构成以及饲喂方式的改变,犬猫糖尿病发病率呈现出逐年上升的态势。本文就犬猫糖尿病的发病机理、诊断以及营养解决方案综述如下。     

犬糖尿病的诊断与治疗

糖尿病是犬最常见的代谢内分泌病,多发生于中、老龄犬。分原发性及继发性两类,而以前者占绝大多数并有遗传倾向,临床实践中发现犬的发病率可达0.1%。7~9岁年龄组的犬患病率最高,总体是雌性多于雄性。通过对该病的临床治疗与观察,该文就犬糖尿病的分类、病因学、临床症状、诊断和治疗作了阐述,并对一例糖尿病犬病例进行了分析。     

抗寄生虫药在犬、猫中应用的国外动态

介绍24种抗寄生虫药在国外犬、猫中应用的状况。其中抗线虫药15种,抗绦虫药2种,杀虫药3种,抗原虫药4种。每种药物在作用与用途、用法与用量、注意事项(包括不良反应、药物相互作用、禁忌症等)及兽用制剂等方面均有较为详实的资料。在国内犬、猫用药开始受到重视,但资料相对匮乏的情况下,有可供参考的实用价值。     

犬糖尿病研究进展

糖尿病是由于胰岛素相对或绝对缺乏,致使糖代谢发生紊乱的一种内分泌疾病[1].     

犬猫用抗肿瘤药指导原则要点分析

宠物用抗肿瘤药正在成为研发热点,美国FDA于2009年发布了伴侣动物用抗肿瘤药指导原则,EMA发布了犬猫用抗肿瘤药指导原则并于2022年1月28日开始实施。本文采用EMA的框架维度对两个指导原则安全性和有效性评价的关键技术要点进行分析,为研发者提供参考。     

犬的糖尿病及其诊治

糖尿病是犬的常见病,是由于胰岛素生成量减少或胰岛素功能降低引起的。随着国内养犬数量的增加,老年犬、肥胖犬越来越多,犬的糖尿病成增长趋势,也就越来越引起人们的关注。     

犬糖尿病的类型与并发症

1流行特点糖尿病是种常见的内分泌性代谢病,由多种病因所引起的糖代谢障碍和继发脂肪、蛋白质、维生素、水及电解质的代谢紊乱。特征为,血糖过高及糖尿,临床上以多饮、多尿、多食、消瘦为主要特征。本     

Experimental drug therapy for respiratory disorders in dogs and cats.

Experimental therapy in veterinary medicine is based on empiric reasoning. If a particular therapy is labeled experimental, it means that its effectiveness has not been demonstrated scientifically. Empiric therapy is experimental and is based on experience, not on scientific proof. The purpose of this article is to suggest the use of specific experimental drug therapies for certain respiratory disorders in dogs and cats.     

Stereotypic or obsessive-compulsive disorders in dogs and cats

Stereotypic and obsessive-compulsive behaviors are defined, and examples are given for both dogs and cats. The cause of these behaviors is discussed; and it is maintained that they result from conflict and are influenced by genetics, early experience, and learning. Treatment options, such as changes in environment and management, behavior modification, and the use of various drugs are reviewed.     

Fatigue analysis of plates used for fracture stabilization in small dogs and cats

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the fatigue life of stacked and single, veterinary cuttable plates (VCP) and small, limited contact, dynamic compression plates (LC-DCP). STUDY DESIGN: In vitro biomechanical study. METHODS: Fracture models (constructs; n = 8) were assembled for each of 6 groups all with 8-hole plates: 2.0 mm LC-DCP; 2.4 mm LC-DCP; single 1.5/2.0 mm VCP; stacked 1.5/2.0 mm VCP; single 2.0/2.7 mm VCP; and stacked 2.0/2.7 mm VCP. Plate(s) were secured to 2 polyvinylchloride pipe lengths, mounted in a testing system with a custom jig, and subjected to axial loading (10-100 N) for 1,000,000 cycles at 10 Hz or until failure. Differences in number of cycles to failure among groups were compared. Failure mode was determined. RESULTS: All LC-DCP and single VCP constructs failed before 1,000,000 cycles. Stacked 2.0/2.7 mm VCP constructs withstood 1,000,000 cycles without failure. ANOVA and Fisher's least significant difference tests demonstrated significantly more cycles to failure for the stacked 1.5/2.0 mm VCP and stacked 2.0/2.7 mm VCP compared with the single 1.5/2.0 mm VCP, single 2.0/2.7 mm VCP, 2.0 mm LC-DCP, or 2.4 mm LC-DCP. Constructs that failed did so through a screw hole adjacent to the gap. CONCLUSION: Stacked VCP constructs have greater fatigue lives than comparably sized LC-DCP or single VCP constructs. Plates with 2.4 mm screws were not significantly different from the comparable construct with 2.0 mm screws. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although these data reveal that stacked VCP create a superior construct with respect to cyclic fatigue, surgeons must decide whether this is a clinical advantage on a case-by-case basis.     

Endoscopic removal of foreign bodies from cats or dogs

Foreign bodies in the airways or intestines of dogs or cats are a common problem in companion animal practice. Improved endoscopic techniques, together with their greater availability, mean that it is often possible to remove the foreign body endoscopically, making surgery unnecessary. This article describes 53 cats and dogs in which a foreign body was detected and, where possible, removed. Results are compared with those in the literature. Practical guidelines for foreign body removal in specific cases are described, focusing on therapy and prognosis.     

Glycosylated hemoglobin measurement in dogs and cats: implications for its utility in diabetic monitoring

The measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA₁) levels in humans is used to indicate the degree of long-term diabetic control. Using a commercially available kit for human HbA₁, values were obtained for normal and diabetic dogs and cats. The normal range established in dogs was broad and overlapped considerably with the range in diabetics. Under the assay conditions and with a limited number of diabetic animals, the test was not found to be of value for dogs or cats.     

Vitamin A concentrations in commercial foods for dogs and cats

The vitamin A concentration was determined in 89 Australian brands of commercial foods for dogs and cats. It was found that 8% of the dog foods and 14% of the cat foods had concentrations of vitamin A below the minimum recommended 1.1 mg/kg dry matter (dm) for dogs and 1.8 mg/kg dm for pregnant or lactating cats. Canned and fish-labelled cat foods were the only varieties with less than the minimum recommended concentration of Vitamin A, of which 71% were the same brand. The minimum recommended concentration of vitamin A was exceeded in all canned dog food tested. Concentrations of vitamin A in dry (ca. 6% moisture) dog and cat foods and semi-moist dog foods (ca. 23% moisture) never exceeded 10 mg vitamin A/kg dm. In contrast, canned pet foods stated to contain liver or kidney showed vitamin A concentrations from 13 to 284 mg/kg dm.     

Clinical evaluation of medetomidine, a novel sedative and analgesic drug for dogs and cats

Medetomidine, a potent alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, was investigated in open, multicenter clinical trials with patients of various canine and feline breeds (1736 dogs and 678 cats). The purpose of the study was to find an optimal dose of medetomidine for sedation and analgesia in clinical practice and to study how well the intended procedure could be performed under the influence of the drug. The mean dose (i.m.) of medetomidine used for examinations, clinical procedures and minor surgical interventions was 40 micrograms/kg, and for radiography 30 micrograms/kg. In cats the dose was 80-110 micrograms/kg. On the doses chosen, almost all animals were recumbent and 72% of the dogs and 85% of the cats were in a slight anaesthetic stage, unable to rise. The evaluation of the overall suitability of medetomidine (% of cases) in different indications was "very satisfactory" or "satisfactory" in 95% of dogs and 81-96% of cats. Side effects reported were limited almost exclusively to vomiting and muscle jerking in dogs (12% and 0.5% of the cases) and to vomiting in cats (65%). Medetomidine seems to suffice for pharmacological restraint of dogs and cats. The concomitant use of medetomidine (80-100 micrograms/kg) and ketamine (7 mg/kg) in cats (n = 295) provided a good anaesthesia (20-40 min). The recovery was smooth. The present study shows that medetomidine provides an effective level of sedation and analgesia for clinical use.     

Home monitoring of blood glucose concentrations by owners of diabetic dogs and cats

Generation of blood glucose curves is essential to monitor glycemic control in dogs and cats with diabetes mellitus. Up till now blood collection and blood glucose measurements could only be performed in a hospital. However, glucose concentrations measured in a hospital environment can markedly differ from concentrations measured at home, due to reduced appetite, different activity level and stressful handling. At the Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, a new method to collect capillary blood from the ear and to measure blood glucose by means of a portable glucose meter has been developed. This method enables owners of diabetic dogs or cats to determine blood glucose concentrations and generate blood glucose curves at home. Three cases demonstrate, how much blood glucose concentrations at home may differ from those in the hospital and how home monitoring can help to establish diabetic control in dogs and cats.     

Evaluation of IGF-I levels and serum protein profiles of diabetic cats and dogs

In this study, we measured the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I levels and evaluated the serum protein profiles of diabetic, insulin-treated, and healthy cats and dogs. The total IGF-I concentrations were 33.74 ± 3.4 ng/mL for normal, 25.8 ± 4.5 ng/mL for diabetic, and 180.4 ± 31.4 ng/mL for insulin-treated cats. IGF-I concentrations were 46.4 ± 6.6 ng/mL for normal, 25.1 ± 4.1 ng/mL for diabetic, and 303.0 ± 61.3 ng/mL for insulin-treated dogs. Total serum protein profiles were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Fourteen bands ranging from 25 to 240 kDa in size were observed for cats, and 17 bands ranging from 25 to 289 kDa were observed for dogs. The densities of the bands differed among control, diabetic, and insulin-treated animals. In conclusion, we found that serum protein profiles and IGF-I concentrations were altered in both diabetic and insulin-treated animals. When judiciously interpreted in the light of other clinical and laboratory data, the techniques used in our study provide a valuable modality for measuring the severity of diabetes mellitus in dogs and cats.