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氟虫腈(锐劲特)对水稻害虫防治效果及增产效应 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
为了阐明新一代杀虫剂氟虫腈(锐劲特)对二化螟、三化螟、稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果及应用前景,进行了水稻盆栽试验、田间防效试验,并对施用锐劲特后水稻叶绿素含量、功能叶叶面积和产量进行了测定。结果表明,锐劲特施药后13天接虫的三化螟幼虫死亡率仍高达94.44%。在田间防效试验中,每公顷施用锐劲特80%WG有效成分24g防治二化螟,防止枯心效果达97.62%,防止白穗效果达94.44%,害虫死亡率达96.15%;每公顷施用锐劲特5%SC有效成分22.5g防治晚稻三化螟,保苗效果可达95.91%,害虫死亡率达99.04%;每公顷施用锐劲特5%SC有效成分30g防治稻纵卷叶螟,保叶效果达97.88%。叶绿素含量比对照增加32.4%;每公顷施用锐劲特80%WG有效成分36g时,功能叶叶面积增加16%~27.5%,并且杂交稻博优湛19比常规稻早糯3321和早熟早籼815对锐劲特更敏感。每公顷施用锐劲特5%SC有效成分22.5~37.5g时,水稻株高增加4.0~6.1cm,每稻丛穗数增加2.6%~31.18%,结实率提高19.43%~33.97%,水稻产量增加21.58%~28.19%。 相似文献
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《湖北植保》2005,(3):7-7
名称病虫防治适期防治方法水稻稻纵卷叶螟2代7月上旬3代8月上旬田间每100丛水稻出现稻纵小苞(2~3cm)80~100个时,使用2.5%绿色三氟30~40ml对水40kg喷雾防治。稻飞虱2代7月上旬3代7月下旬8月初每丛水稻拍虫量达15头以上每667m2用10%大功臣可湿性粉剂10~20g、25%扑虱灵35g等药对水50~60kg喷施水稻中下部,保水3~5d二化螟2代7月中下旬3代8月下旬早栽中稻百蔸枯鞘40~50根,中晚稻200蔸有集中受害一株以上时用5%锐劲特悬浮剂30~40ml对水50~60kg喷雾1次即可。或用杀虫双+Bt防治。三化螟2代7月上中旬3代8月中下旬三化螟每667m2卵量达100块以… 相似文献
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湖州市是全国蚕桑重点产区。为控制近几年猖獗回升的水稻三化螟和保障蚕桑生产安全,1987年起引进5%杀虫双颗粒剂作治螟效果试验并已大面积示范推广。 1988年小区药效试验结果表明:每亩用5%杀虫双颗粒剂1kg,于卵孵化高峰期用药,防治连晚秧田二代三化螟,保苗效果89.92%;而50%甲胺磷乳油100ml只有49.62%;杀虫双防治连晚大田三代三化螟的保苗效果93.75%,兼治稻纵卷叶螟效果100%。50%甲胺磷乳油100ml用药2次的保苗效果75%,用药1次的40.63%。大田示范每亩用5%杀虫双颗粒剂1kg,孵化高峰期防治对早稻一代三化螟的保苗效果98.13%,50%甲胺磷乳油100ml42.06%;5%杀虫双颗粒剂1.5kg,孵化高峰期防治连晚三代三化螟枯心效果96.79%,防治白穗效果95%,殘效期长达15天以上,而用50%甲胺磷乳油100ml 2次的防枯心效果58.57%,防白穗效果46%。 相似文献
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在晚稻第4代三化螟卵盛孵期,选用甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐1%乳油0.3、0.45、0.6g/667m2(有效成份,下同)、虫酰肼20%悬浮剂15、20、25g/667m2、呋喃虫酰肼10%悬浮剂8、10、12g/667m2、阿维-哒嗪硫磷16%乳油8、10.4、12.8g/667m2、丁烯氟虫腈5%悬浮剂2、3、4g/667m2、辛硫磷40%乳油30、40、50g/667m2、氟虫腈5%悬浮剂2、3、4g/667m2和甲胺磷50%乳油75g/667m2进行防治试验.结果表明:阿维·哒嗪硫磷16%乳油、氟虫腈5%悬浮剂和丁烯氟虫腈5%悬浮剂3、4g/667m2防效最好,药后17d为害定局防效都在90%以上, 均极显著高于对照药剂甲胺磷50%乳油,且对水稻安全,可作为替代甲胺磷等5种高毒农药替代品. 相似文献
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F.M. Ashton O.T. de Villiers R.K. Glenn W.B. Duke 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1977,7(2):122-141
Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate 14C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides. 相似文献
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福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。 相似文献
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Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
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E. LIMPERT B. C. CLIFFORD A. DREISEITL R. JOHNSON K. MÜLLER A. ROELFS C. WELLINGS 《EPPO Bulletin》1994,24(1):109-112
A variety of systems of designation has evolved to name pathotypes of plant pathogens. The systems were evaluated to determine those best suited for particular purposes. Virulence and avirulence/virulence formulae of pathotypes have advantage over the use of consecutive numbers or letters given in chronological order of pathotype discovery. As soon as pathotype information exceeds a certain level of complexity, mathematical codes are most advantageous, in particular two codes, octal notation and coded triplets. A more universal adoption of the most appropriate codes is recommended to ease communication and comparisons of results. 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
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为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。 相似文献
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调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物(源)农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d(2.2 mg/g)、1.393 d(2.2 mg/g)和6.645 d(40.0×107孢子/g)、4.940 d(2.0×107孢子/g), 这两种生物(源)农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM433和EM110。 相似文献