市级动物疫病防控信息化管理系统功能设计

我国动物疫病流行日趋复杂,而传统防控工作方式效率亟待提高。信息化能有效提高动物疫病防控管理工作效率,有利于对动物疫情的快速预警、反应、控制和溯源。本文介绍市级动物疫病防控信息化管理系统的功能设计,重点分析基础信息数据库、物资管理系统、动物疫病监测、疫情预警、疫情调查处置等功能模块,形成市级动物疫病防控大数据和网络化管理平台,实现动物防疫场点、人员、疫苗、物资和工作抽查等网络化管理,为动物疫病防控行政决策提供技术支持,切实提高基层防疫工作效率。     

提高动物防疫有效率免疫率措施

随着养殖业的不断发展,如今的养殖业具有了更大养殖规模和更加规范的养殖规范化管理制度,与此同时,不断完善的发展动物的防疫机制,能够保证动物养殖的存活率,降低动物得病率,提高动物养殖的经济效益。提高动物养殖的经济效益主要包括三个方面:一、动物良种;二、饲料配置;三、规范管理。把动物养殖在相同的环境下,动物存活率的提高应该把重点放在疾病预防上,对于疾病要做到预防优先于治疗,只有从一开始阻断疾病的传播,才是最小的损失。要规范化动物防疫流程,健全动物防疫的管理制度体系,加强动物防疫人员的技术培训学习,方可有效提高动物免疫的存活率。     

蒙自市动物检疫电子出证工作存在的问题及对策

动物检疫电子出证是加强动物卫生监管、转变执法行为的重要举措,农业部要求全国各地全面推行动物检疫电子出证工作.该工作的实施,可有效提高动物检疫证明的出证质量和效率,增强动物检疫证明的防伪功能,便于动物检疫信息的查询、统计和可追溯管理,降低行政成本,提高工作效率.     

牛至油作为植物源营养素的研究进展

本文对牛至油改善动物生长性状、提高动物免疫机能、改善肉品品质及其清除自由基和抗氧化作用进行了综述.随着现代集约化和规模化养殖业的发展,动物感染各种疾病的危险性大大增加.为了预防动物疾病,促进动物生长发育和提高饲料利用率,大量抗生素等药物被用作饲料添加剂.抗生素作为饲料添加剂能促进动物生长和提高饲料利用率,但也存在种种弊端,而植物源饲料添加剂是抗生素预防疾病的一种有效的替代品.     

猪用复合酶制剂的研究效果

酶制剂的高效、无残留、无毒副作用等优点,在生产中添加复合酶制剂可消除饲料中的抗营养因子和毒素的有害作用,提高动物对饲料的消化率和利用率,改善动物生产性能,减少动物的氮、磷排泄量,降低成本,提高动物免疫力,促进畜禽健康。     

动物遗传繁育学科实验整合的实践探讨

<正>动物遗传繁育学科包括动物遗传学、动物育种学和动物繁殖学3门课程。遗传学主要研究群体遗传结构、数量性状的遗传基础及遗传参数分析。育种学主要研究改良动物遗传品质,提高生产性能水平,培育优良品种、品系和杂种优势利用。繁殖学主要研究生殖生理和繁殖技术,以及提高动物繁殖力的途径和方法。动物遗传繁育学科是一个研究提高动物繁殖性能的有机整体,传统的动物遗传繁育学科实验附属于各门理论课,实验学时数较少,课程实验之间缺乏     

基层动物防疫工作存在的问题及对策浅析

分析了当前基层动物防疫工作中存在的主要问题,包括:动物防疫人员和养殖户对动物防疫工作认识不够;政府对动物防疫工作的财政投入不足;疫苗的运输、保管和使用不当;基层动物防疫队伍老龄化和专业水平低;县、乡两级动物防疫部门技术力量薄弱;动物防疫工作缺乏认真监管等。针对这些问题提出了一系列改进措施,包括:加大宣传力度,提高思想认识;加大财政投入,提高动物防疫人员待遇;做好疫苗冷链体系建设,确保疫苗安全有效;加强培训交流,提高动物防疫人员的业务能力;加大监督检查力度,围堵动物防疫漏洞。     

强化呼伦贝尔市产地检疫的对策探讨

为强化呼伦贝尔市产地检疫,必须建立科学的动物检疫秩序;进一步加强对生产阶段动物防疫工作的管理,保障防检结合,提高动物防疫措施的落实力度;抓住动物检疫工作源头,提高工作科学性,切实保护人民身体健康;确保动物疫病不出村、不出户、不进入流通领域,把动物疫情控制在最小范围;通过分析动物疫病流行规律和防止效果,改进防治措施;建立动物疫情和畜产品安全追溯制度,实施全过程监控.     

转基因动物的相关研究进展

自从世界上第一批转基因动物诞生后,动物基因转移技术很快应用到动物育种中.本文主要介绍了几种常用的动物转基因技术,从提高动物生长率、改良动物经济性状,提供生物药品,提供动物模型和器官,提高动物的观赏价值等方面概述了转基因动物的研究现状,并对其食品安全性进行了讨论.     

如何科学管理动物防疫科技研发资金

随着动物防疫体系建设逐步完善,提高动物疫病的监测、检疫、预报、预警水平势在必行,中央和地方财政每年都为此投入大量的科技研发资金.在动物防疫科技研发资金管理中,提升会计的核算与监督职能,对动物防疫科技研发资金,加以科学管理,是提高资金使用效益,促进动物防疫技术创新和发展的关键.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein