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棉花打顶机械化的研究现状及发展趋势 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《农机化研究》2014,(4)
棉花打顶工作是整个棉花生产过程中的关键环节,可消除顶端生长优势,促进棉花增产增收。棉花打顶机械化可以大大减少打顶时间、提高劳动效益、降低劳动强度、增大棉花产量。为此,介绍了棉花打顶机械化的国内外研究现状,根据现状分析了存在的不足,并指出了其智能化、精确化、多样化和联合作业化的发展趋势。 相似文献
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棉花打顶是棉花生产管理的一项重要环节,也是一项费工费时、劳动密集的应急工程;实施棉花打顶机械化,有利于解放劳动力,提高生产效率,是广大棉农增产增收的重要手段。针对黄河流域棉区特点,采用农机与农艺融合,从棉花品种筛选、标准化种植模式、轻简化管理等入手,提出实施棉花机械化打顶作业条件与要求,即选用早熟性状棉花品种,76 cm等行距的标准化种植模式,采用统一和联合病虫害防治,以及前轻后重的化学调控。通过实施不同时期的机械化打顶对比试验,得出最佳打顶时期比常规的人工打顶期要推迟1周左右,籽棉产量可接近人工打顶的总产量。 相似文献
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3MDZJ-1型电力驱动式棉花智能精准打顶机的研制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对现有棉花打顶机械对棉花实际生长高度测量效果差及打顶过程中漏打顶、过打顶等问题,提出了检测装置与打顶装置分开、升降动力与切割动力分开的方案,研制了一种基于FPGA的电力驱动式棉花智能精准打顶机。检测装置对棉花高度精准检测,打顶装置根据机具前进速度进行实时调整,实现了精准定量打顶;触屏控制系统能够实时显示作业速度、作业面积及监控棉花打顶过程,大大提高了棉花打顶机械的智能化水平。田间试验结果表明:整机结构稳定,机具作业速度在2.97km·h-1以内时,打顶率达90%以上,机具结构设计合理,为棉花打顶机械化提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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棉花顶芽识别定位技术研究现状及展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《中国农机化学报》2018,(11)
打顶是棉花生长过程中的必要环节,打顶质量的好坏对棉花品质有明显影响,棉花顶芽的高速精准识别定位是机械化打顶的难点。介绍目前机械打顶常用的激光对射技术、超声波技术、仿形板技术、红外线技术、机器视觉技术、遥感识别技术等技术的研究现状,并对其发展趋势进行展望。 相似文献
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《Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research》1998,69(3):249-254
A model to represent the discolouration of dried powder of carrots as a function of temperature was developed. Two types of carrots, Asian and European, containing large amount of lycopene and β-carotene, respectively, were tested. The dried powder was stored under an atmosphere with O2and at three different temperatures, 5,20 and 35°C. The surface colour of the powder was monitored during storage by a Hunter colour ratioa/b. In the proposed model, the rate of oxidation was assumed to be represented by the product of the fraction of concentration of oxidized pigment at arbitrary time and a specific rate of oxidation of pigment. The rate parameters in the proposed model were calculated by fitting the experimental data with smooth curves by trial and error at the end of the induction period but before discolouration took place. The frequency constant and activation energy, expressing the temperature dependence of the rate parameters, were expressed by the Arrhenius relation. The simulation results of a Hunter colour ratioa/bof dried powder at 25°C showed good agreement with the experimental data, suggesting that the proposed model was effective for the prediction of discolouration of dried powder of both types of carrot. The use of the induction period in the manner described may enable the shelf life of dried powder to be predicted. 相似文献
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The fractional outflow rate of water from the rumen, measured as the rate of disappearance of the chromium complex of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, was related to a number of dietary factors. A multiple regression equation was derived which expressed fractional outflow rate as a function of the intakes of dry matter, ash, acid-detergent fibre and crude protein.The data analysed consisted of 243 observations for sheep on 59 diets, including forage, concentrate and mixed diets. The ranges covered by the data were: fractional outflow rate 0.7–3.6 day?1; dry matter intake 560–1400g/day; ash 4–30%, acid-detergent fibre 7–41%, crude protein 5–26 % of dry matter; there were no observations for sheep of less than 34 kg liveweight.The equation accounted for 56·3 % of the total variance. Between-sheep variance could not be calculated for the whole of the data but was undoubtedly substantial since, for a sixth of the data, it was known to account for 38 % of the total variance. 相似文献
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感官检验棉花的品级,这是农村常见的一种检测手段.它的一个主要特点就是存在不确定性.这是由于检验员的品级检验水平存在一定的差异,其中有很多因素制约着检验的结果.文章对影响感官检验结果的因素进行了系统的分析. 相似文献
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从灾害经济学的角度探讨了城镇供水优化调度的必要性和可能性,认为在缺水不可避免的情况下,对供水进行优化调度可以减小缺水带来的损失,产生较好的减灾效益,特别是可以大大减小严重干旱的灾害效应。并根据水资源的特性,提出了缺水损失的计算模式以及优化调度的原则和方法。 相似文献