利用体细胞核移植技术生产表达红色荧光蛋白的猪转基因克隆胚胎研究

[目的]为生产转基因克隆猪奠定基础。[方法]以反转录病毒转染的带有红色荧光蛋白（RFP）基因的猪胎儿成纤维细胞作为核移植的核供体,利用体细胞克隆技术研究红色荧光蛋白克隆胚胎体外发育情况。[结果]RFP转基因细胞的融合率为83.87%,与未转基因细胞（80.56%）相比无显著差异（P〉0.05）;RFP转基因体细胞重构胚体外囊胚率为8.67%,与未转基因细胞组（6.56%）相比无显差异著（P〉0.05）;RFP转基因体细胞重构胚移植于15头受体后,尚无受孕个体。[结论]利用转红色荧光蛋白基因的细胞为供体细胞,能够成功克隆出转基因胚胎,并获得转基因囊胚。     

利用体细胞核移植技术生产表达红色荧光蛋白的猪转基因克隆胚胎（摘要）

[目的]为生产转基因克隆猪奠定基础。[方法]以反转录病毒转染的带有红色荧光蛋白（RFP）基因的猪胎儿成纤维细胞作为核移植的核供体,利用体细胞克隆技术研究红色荧光蛋白克隆胚胎体外发育情况。[结果]RFP转基因细胞的融合率为83.87%,与未转基因细胸（80.56%）相比无显差异著（P〉0.05）;RFP转基因体细胞重构胚体外囊胚率为8.67%,与未转基因细胞组（6.56%）相比无显差异著（P〉0.05）;RFP转基因体细胞重构胚移植于15头受体后,尚无受孕个体。[结论]利用转红色荧光蛋白基因的细胞为供体细胞,并成功地克隆出转基因胚胎。     

利用体细胞核移植技术生产表达绿色荧光蛋白转基因猪胚胎的研究

试验对脂质体转染猪胎儿成纤维细胞的技术程序进行了筛选,以绿色荧光蛋白基因转染后的阳性细胞作为体细胞核移植的核供体,以体外成熟卵母细胞为核受体构建了绿色荧光蛋白转基因克隆猪胚胎,并对重构胚在体外发育情况以及绿色荧光蛋白表达情况进行了跟踪研究。结果显示,采用4.0μg.mL-1脂质体转染试剂,1.6μg.mL-1质粒DNA,转染6 h可以获得最佳转染效果,转染效率达4.48%;GFP转基因体细胞重构胚体外囊胚发育率为10%,GFP阳性胚胎率为48%。结果表明,脂质体转染试剂可以高效转染猪胎儿成纤维细胞,获得的阳性细胞具有支持猪全程发育的潜能。     

转K2.9基因绒山羊体细胞核移植技术体系的优化研究

【目的】利用体细胞核移植技术制备转毛角蛋白Ⅱ型中间丝K2.9基因的高绒质绒山羊胚胎,为绒山羊优良品种的培育提供一种全新的技术材料。【方法】以含有Neor 基因标记的K2.9 毛囊特异表达载体pcDNA3.1-K转染绒山羊胎儿成纤维细胞,经G418筛选获得转K2.9基因细胞,将获得的转基因阳性细胞与体外成熟的绒山羊卵母细胞进行核移植,并对生产的重构胚进行了体外培养。本文分别进行了激活方法、供体细胞和卵母细胞来源的筛选,且对获得的囊胚进行了PCR鉴定。【结果】（1）Iono+6-D对成年羊卵母细胞的孤雌激活效果好于A23187+6-D,显著提高了胚胎的卵裂率。（2）羔羊孤雌胚的卵裂率显著低于成年羊,但囊胚率差异不显著。（3）来自2只绒山羊胎儿的转基因成纤维细胞对核移植胚的发育没有显著影响,但2号羊的转基因细胞显著提高了融合率。（4）以羔羊卵进行核移植,显著降低了核移植胚的发育率。（5）对获得的囊胚进行PCR鉴定,成功扩增到目的基因。【结论】将K2.9 毛囊特异表达载体pcDNA3.1-K转染的绒山羊胎儿成纤维细胞作为供体细胞,核移植到成年羊卵母细胞中,以Iono+6-D进行激活,首次成功、高效地获得携带K2.9基因的绒山羊囊胚。     

山羊胎儿成纤维细胞转染人t-PA指形区缺失基因及其核移植研究

采用阳离子脂质体法将人t-PA指形区缺失基因乳腺特异性表达载体(pEBT)导入山羊胎儿成纤维细胞,以山羊胎儿成纤维细胞和转染的山羊胎儿成纤维细胞作供体,构建核移植胚,对其体外发育情况进行了研究,比较了2种供体细胞(山羊胎儿成纤维细胞和转人t-PA指形区缺失基因的山羊胎儿成纤维细胞)及转人t-PA指形区缺失基因的山羊胎儿成纤维细胞饥饿处理与否对核移植胚胎体外发育的影响。结果表明,早期核移植胚有荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达;以山羊胎儿成纤维细胞作供体细胞时,核移植胚的桑葚胚率(50.3%)及囊胚率(16.0%)均高于以转人t-PA指形区缺失基因胎儿成纤维细胞为供体时的桑葚胚率(48.4%)和囊胚率(10.9%),但差异不显著(P>0.05);转人t-PA指形区缺失基因的山羊胎儿成纤维细胞经饥饿处理后,其核移植胚胎的卵裂率(73.6%)与不饥饿时的卵裂率(73.9%)差异不显著;饥饿处理后核移植胚胎的桑葚胚率(48.5%)和囊胚率(11.2%)均高于不饥饿处理的桑葚胚率(39.2%)和囊胚率(9.2%),但差异不显著(P>0.05)。本研究成功地构建了转人t-PA指形区缺失基因的体细胞核移植胚胎,体外囊胚率为11.2%。     

转敲低MSTN基因绵羊重构胚的移植及鉴定

为培育肌肉丰满绵羊品系,以前期试验中获得的干涉MSTN基因的转基因细胞株为核供体,进行核移植,将获得的重构胚进行体外培养和胚胎移植。结果表明:所获得的重构胚与绵羊成纤维细胞为核供体时的重构胚分裂比率(分别为44.6%和24.1%)及其发育至桑椹胚比率(分别为15.6%和33.0%)相比,差异无统计学意义;将重构胚移植23只受体后,获得1只流产胎儿,对其进行PCR鉴定,结果显示MSTN基因干涉序列已整合入流产胎儿的基因组中。     

体细胞核移植法获得转人乳铁蛋白基因克隆山羊妊娠的研究

[目的]探讨供体细胞类型、移植胚胎发育阶段、数量及部位对山羊转基因克隆效率的影响。[方法]利用体细胞核移植技术将转染人乳铁蛋白基因hLF的山羊胎儿成纤维细胞(GFF)和乳腺上皮细胞(GMGE)移植到MII期去核卵母细胞内,经电融合、激活、体外培养后,2~8细胞期克隆胚被移植到同期发情山羊的输卵管内,囊胚被移植到子宫角内。[结果]GFF与GMGE的妊娠率相近(输卵管移植妊娠率分别为26.47%及20.00%);在GFF,输卵管移植的妊娠率与子宫角内移植妊娠率接近(分别为26.47%及25.00%),输卵管移植胚胎平均数为21.2组的妊娠率显著高于5.93组和9.64组(40.00%及26.67%,21.43%)。[结论]供体细胞类型、移植胚胎的发育阶段及移植部位对山羊转基因克隆效率的影响不大,但对于输卵管移植,受体羊移植胚胎数量对妊娠率有明显的影响。此外,该研究还提示了利用成年羊乳腺上皮细胞制作转基因动物的可行性。     

体细胞核移植技术生产转基因猪胚胎的研究

以转染绿色荧光蛋白基因的猪胎儿成纤维阳性细胞作为体细胞核移植的核供体,体外成熟卵母细胞为核移植受体构建绿色荧光蛋白转基因克隆猪胚胎,研究供核细胞的处理、注核部位及重构胚融合/激活时间对转GFP克隆胚早期发育的影响.结果显示,胎儿成纤维细胞血清饥饿与非饥饿培养10 d处理组,采用卵周间隙核移植重构胚的卵裂率（82.35%和79.07%）差异不显著(P >0.05);体外培养42~44 h 卵母细胞进行胞质内和卵周间隙注核的重构胚胎,其卵裂率（81.11%和76.80%）差异不显著（P >0.05）;将卵周间隙注射法构建重构胚在0~1 h,2~4 h 和6~8 h 进行融合/激活操作,前2组重构胚卵裂率（75.61%和83.07%）无显著差异(P >0.05),但显著高于第3组（60.00%）的卵裂率(P <0.05).     

携带人Ⅰ型а1原胶原基因荷斯坦奶牛胚胎的发育研究

克隆了人Ⅰ型а1原胶原的cDNA基因,将克隆的基因连接到改造后的乳腺特异性表达载体pGC1上,经电穿孔法转染到成纤维细胞中,利用核移植技术获得携带人Ⅰ型а1原胶原基因牛胚胎。最终获得8枚转基因的囊胚,证明用核移植方法获得的携带人Ⅰ型а1原胶原蛋白基因的荷斯坦奶牛胚胎能够正常发育。     

绵羊-绵羊和山羊-绵羊体细胞克隆胚的构建及体外发育研究

【目的】以绵羊卵母细胞为受体,构建绵羊-绵羊和山羊-绵羊体细胞克隆胚,比较其体外发育能力,探讨绵羊卵母细胞对异种体细胞核的再程序化能力。【方法】以体外成熟的绵羊卵母细胞为核受体,分别以绵羊及山羊胎儿成纤维细胞为核供体,经卵母细胞去核、注核、重构胚电融合、激活等一系列操作,构建同种绵羊-绵羊及异种山羊-绵羊体细胞的克隆胚,比较其体外发育能力。【结果】同种间克隆胚的囊胚发育率(16.0%)高于异种间克隆胚(7.4%)。异种间克隆胚在8-细胞到16-细胞及16-细胞到桑椹胚期间的发育能力显著低于同种间克隆胚。2种克隆胚在2-细胞到8-细胞期间的发育速度基本相同,但异种间克隆胚在8-细胞到囊胚期间的发育速度明显低于同种间克隆胚,两者相差12~24 h。【结论】绵羊卵母细胞对异种体细胞核具有再程序化能力,但这种再程序化能力明显低于其对同种体细胞核的再程序化能力。     

体细胞核移植法获得转人乳铁蛋白基因克隆山羊妊娠的研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the effects of donor cell type,embryo stage,number and transfer position on the efficiency of goat transgenic clone.[Method] Using somatic cell nuclear transfer technology,the single goat fetal fibroblasts(GFF)and mammary gland epithelial cells(GMGE)harboring human lactoferrin(hLF)gene were transferred to the enucleated oocyte.Reconstructed karyoplast-cytoplast couplets were fused,activated,and cultured in vitro.Embryos at 2-8 cell stage were transferred into oviduct of synchronized recipients,and blastocysts were transferred into uterine horn.[Result] The pregnancy rate was similar between GFF and GMGE(oviduct transfer:26.47% vs.20.00%),and between oviduct transfer and uterine horn transfer(26.47% vs.25.00%)for GFF group;pregnancy rate in the group with the mean number of embryo transferred per recipient of 21.2 was significantly higher than in those the 5.93 group and 9.64 group(40.00% vs.26.67% and 21.43%).[Conclusion] These results indicate that pregnancy rate of goat transgenic clone couldn’t be affected by donor cell type,embryo stage and transfer position but be done by the number of embryo transferred per recipient.In addition,the study also suggests the feasibility of making transgenic goat using GMGE as donor cells.     

体细胞核移植法获得转人乳铁蛋白基因克隆山羊妊娠的研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the effects of donor cell type,embryo stage,number and transfer position on the efficiency of goat transgenic clone.[Method] Using somatic cell nuclear transfer technology,the single goat fetal fibroblasts(GFF)and mammary gland epithelial cells(GMGE)harboring human lactoferrin(hLF)gene were transferred to the enucleated oocyte.Reconstructed karyoplast-cytoplast couplets were fused,activated,and cultured in vitro.Embryos at 2-8 cell stage were transferred into oviduct of synchronized recipients,and blastocysts were transferred into uterine horn.[Result] The pregnancy rate was similar between GFF and GMGE(oviduct transfer:26.47% vs.20.00%),and between oviduct transfer and uterine horn transfer(26.47% vs.25.00%)for GFF group;pregnancy rate in the group with the mean number of embryo transferred per recipient of 21.2 was significantly higher than in those the 5.93 group and 9.64 group(40.00% vs.26.67% and 21.43%).[Conclusion] These results indicate that pregnancy rate of goat transgenic clone couldn't be affected by donor cell type,embryo stage and transfer position but be done by the number of embryo transferred per recipient.In addition,the study also suggests the feasibility of making transgenic goat using GMGE as donor cells.     

Pregnancies Resulting from Transgenic Embryos with Human Lactoferrin Gene Produced by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the effects of donor cell type,embryo stage,number and transfer position on the efficiency of goat transgenic clone.[Method] Using somatic cell nuclear transfer technology,the single goat fetal fibroblasts(GFF)and mammary gland epithelial cells(GMGE)harboring human lactoferrin(hLF)gene were transferred to the enucleated oocyte.Reconstructed karyoplast-cytoplast couplets were fused,activated,and cultured in vitro.Embryos at 2-8 cell stage were transferred into oviduct of synchronized recipients,and blastocysts were transferred into uterine horn.[Result] The pregnancy rate was similar between GFF and GMGE(oviduct transfer:26.47% vs.20.00%),and between oviduct transfer and uterine horn transfer(26.47% vs.25.00%)for GFF group;pregnancy rate in the group with the mean number of embryo transferred per recipient of 21.2 was significantly higher than in those the 5.93 group and 9.64 group(40.00% vs.26.67% and 21.43%).[Conclusion] These results indicate that pregnancy rate of goat transgenic clone couldn't be affected by donor cell type,embryo stage and transfer position but be done by the number of embryo transferred per recipient.In addition,the study also suggests the feasibility of making transgenic goat using GMGE as donor cells.     

家畜繁育生物技术研究开发与产业化推广应用

家畜繁育生物技术包括人工授精、胚胎移植、体外受精、动物性别控制、动物克隆、转基因动物、干细胞等多元化的生殖生物工程技术。繁育生物技术的早期研究开发阶段主要集中在20世纪,到产业化推广应用经历了大约一个世纪的历程。目前,包括动物细胞性别控制、转基因-克隆技和干细胞技术已经进入产业化应用阶段,并且在人类疾病治疗方面显示了潜在的应用前景。     

生产转基因五指山小型猪重构胚条件优化

利用体细胞核移植技术是得到具有优良特征及抗病性五指山小型猪快速有效方法,因此将外源基因安全高效导入到供核细胞至关重要。利用不同转染试剂、转染方法对转染效率进行研究,确定G418筛选浓度。同时利用体细胞核移植技术生产转单体红色荧光蛋白重构胚。结果表明,使用U-023细胞核电转程序能有效介导质粒pCX-mRFP1转染猪耳成纤维细胞,转染率可达到83.33%。确定G418最佳筛选浓度为200μg.mL-1。利用转基因细胞作为核供体生产重构胚卵裂率是83.08%(221/266),囊胚率是11.65%(31/266)。研究结果为生产表达单体红色荧光蛋白五指山小型猪提供参考,从而为人类疾病发病机理研究以及生产人类疾病模型动物奠定了基础。