双子山国家森林公园景观格局地形分异特征分析

以遥感影像和野外调研数据为基础数据,基于DEM数字高程数据提取双子山国家森林公园地形因子,运用GIS、RS技术对森林景观格局沿地形因子的分异特征进行分析,以期揭示双子山国家森林公园景观格局地形分异特征规律,为景观格局优化、森林合理经营与保护提供科学依据。结果表明:双子山国家森林公园景观格局随地形因子变化的分异特征显著。各森林景观主要分布在海拔200~400m和坡度为6°~15°的缓坡地区,针阔混交林与硬阔叶混交林优势分布明显,分布面积较大,但同时侵害了其它景观类型的生长环境;地势较低区域受人类干扰程度较大,景观分布面积相对较少,生物多样性不高,地势较高区域受自然环境原因影响,景观分布面积也相对不高。     

荷花海国家森林公园景观格局分析

以荷花海国家森林公园2019年森林资源管理一张图等矢量数据为基础,选取能相对全面反映研究区景观格局的景观分析指数,从景观类型整体结构、景观斑块异质性和景观水平异质性3个方面对荷花海国家森林公园景观格局进行定量分析。结果表明,非林地景观为研究区的景观基质,高山杜鹃林、其他灌木林等也是研究区主要景观类型;高山杜鹃林、非林地等优势景观具有较高的边缘密度;研究区景观多样性程度较高,景观组成结构复杂,景观异质性程度较高,有着相对原始自然的生态环境。     

1998—2008年新疆甜菜作物空间格局变化及其发展

从新疆各地区甜菜产量、甜菜的播种面积以及甜菜的单位面积产量3个指标入手,分析近十年来新疆甜菜在全国的状况以及新疆各地区甜菜生产状况,通过选取1998、2003、2008年的数据,利用MapInfo软件绘制甜菜作物生产状况分布图,经过对比分析初步了解新疆各地区甜菜生产布局变化。并对新疆地区甜菜作物提出了可持续发展的措施。     

森林资源可持续利用空间格局分析

利用GIS为基础的技术手段来分析森林的构造情况,绘制保护林木资源的区域化工作图,同时构建了林木采伐信息、林木培育信息以及林木更新信息的层次化图纸。叠加这些专门性的图纸与森林保护的分区工作模式图,能够有效显示出当地林木资源有序利用的格局情况,为制定科学的森林管理计划提供参照。     

大板水国家森林公园天然毛竹纯林空间分布点格局分析

为研究大板水国家森林公园内毛竹林的空间分布格局,在该地区设置天然毛竹纯林平地和坡地2个样地,采用点格局研究方法对其空间分布格局进行研究。结果发现,大板水天然毛竹纯林平地和坡地种群个体的径级结构分布相似,2个样地毛竹种群平均基径差异极显著,2个种群总体上趋向于随机分布。综合他人的研究结果,说明不同地区、不同生境的毛竹林空间分布格局形式多样,在人工经营毛竹林时要综合考虑多方面的因素。     

赵冬柑桔锈螨的空间格局与抽样技术

应用6个聚集度指标分析了赵冬柑桔锈螨成虫的空间格局，并对抽样技术进行了探讨，结果表明，赵冬柑桔锈螨成虫的空间格局为聚集型；田间的最适抽样部位是植株上，中部叶片的叶腋处，提出了越冬成虫密度估计的序贯抽样方案。     

高校校园景观生态的空间格局解析

对于城市生态系统来说,高校校园景观是重要的一部分,这不仅是因为高校校园本就是教书育人的场所,更因为良好的校园环境对于当今全球生态系统的良好发展具有重要意义,因此,构建生态格局良好的高校校园景观环境,是当今校园建设的重要任务。     

越冬柑桔锈螨的空间格局与抽样技术

应用6个聚集度指标分析了越冬柑桔锈螨成虫的空间格局,并对抽样技术进行了探讨。结果表明,越冬柑桔锈螨成虫的空间格局为聚集型;田间的最适抽样部位是植株上、中部叶片的叶腋处。提出了越冬成虫密度估计的序贯抽样方案。     

三门江国家森林公园发展构想

通过对三门江森林公园现状以及自然资源进行分析,提出了森林公园发展的思路和设想。     

梨二叉蚜空间格局的研究

利用４种方法对梨二叉蚜的空间格局进行了初步的研究。结果表明,梨二叉蚜的树内分布格局为聚集格局,具有密度依赖性,且其分布的具体成分为个体群。     

关帝山国家森林公园风景林规划设计理念

风景林规划设计要以人为本,满足需求,注重经济、自然、生态、美学等原则,更考虑的是风景林景观的社会价值和生态价值。以模拟关帝林区自然植物群落为基础,把生态和艺术美学作为核心理念,进行作品创造。     

北京小龙门森林公园野生花卉资源评价与应用分析

为丰富北京园林绿化植物的多样性,通过样地法对北京小龙门国家森林公园野生花卉资源进行了实地调查研究,共调查到野生花卉植物58种,隶属于23科。以花色、花径、花序、花型为评价指标,评价出20种具高观赏价值的野生花卉;对这些野生花卉的观赏性进行了评述,最后提出了合理开发利用的建议,以期为北京园林绿化提供可参考的乡土植物资源。     

贵州玉舍国家森林公园药用种子植物资源调查

采用实地考察、采集标本与查阅文献相结合的方法,对贵州玉舍国家森林公园药用种子植物资源状况进行系统调查,为六盘水市药用植物资源的利用提供科学依据。结果表明:公园内有药用种子植物690种。其中,贵州药用植物新资源26种。中国特有属药用植物6种,贵州特有药用植物6种;国家级珍稀濒危保护植物或重点保护药用植物12种,贵州珍稀名贵药用植物10种。按药用功能可划分为19类。     

森林公园植物景观改造提升思路

本文以广东省国有林场建立的森林公园植物景观为典型,对森林公园绿化景观中普遍存在的问题进行了归纳,提出了诸多改造思路。森林植物景观要通过合理的选择、配置、改造,才能为游客提供独具特色的森林景观,让人们尊享健康、收获视觉美感,让森林公园有良好的经济收益和社会效益。     

Forest harvest patterns and landscape disturbance processes

A physically-based model of the topographic influence on debris flow initiation and a rule-based model for wind damage were used to assess the influence of forest clearcutting patterns (i.e., location, size, shape and distribution of cut units) on the potential for landscape disturbance by these processes in Charley Creek watershed, Washington State, USA. Simulated clearcutting patterns consisted of 7, 9 or 26 ha square or rectangular harvest units distributed in either an aggregated or dispersed pattern under three stream-buffering scenarios. The slope-stability model predicted that potentially unstable ground is concentrated along steep headwater streams and inner-gorge side-slopes. Areas susceptible to wind damage were determined from the combination of slope, aspect, elevation, soil drainage and primary tree species. Among the variables examined here, the location of harvest units constitutes the most important factor influencing the potential for shallow landsliding. In contrast, the location, size, and shape of clear cuts and the interactions among these three factors significantly influenced the potential for wind damage. Minimal correspondence between areas predicted to be potentially unstable and areas susceptible to wind damage implies that harvest patterns designed to mitigate the potential for shallow landsliding may not necessarily reduce the potential for wind damage. Our results demonstrate that: (1) the location of timber harvesting is more important than the geometry of harvest activity in influencing shallow landsliding; (2) forest harvest patterns strongly influence the potential for disturbance processes; and (3) a single cutting pattern will often fail to meet all landscape management goals. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Temporal patterns of ecosystem processes on simulated landscapes in Glacier National Park,Montana, USA

The mechanistic, spatially-explicit fire succession model, Fire-BGC (a Fire BioGeoChemical succession model) was used to investigate long-term trends in landscape pattern under historical and future fire regimes and present and future climate regimes for two 46000 ha landscapes in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Fire-BGC has two spatial and temporal resolutions in the simulation architecture where ecological processes that act at a landscape level, such as fire, are simulated annually from information contained in spatial data layers, while stand-level processes such as photosynthesis, transpiration, and decomposition are simulated both daily and annually. Fire is spread across the landscape using the FARSITE fire growth model and subsequent fire effects are simulated at the stand-level. Fire-BGC was used to simulate changes in landscape pattern over 250 years under four scenarios: (1) complete fire exclusion under current climate, (2) historical wildfire occurrence and current climate, (3) complete fire exclusion under a possible future climate, (4) future wildfire occurrence and future climate. Simulated maps of dominant tree species, aboveground standing crop, leaf area index, and net primary productivity (NPP) were contrasted across scenarios using the metrics of patch density, edge density, evenness, contagion, and interspersion. Simulation results indicate that fire influences landscape pattern metrics more that climate alone by creating more diverse, fragmented, and disconnected landscapes. Fires were more frequent, larger, and more intense under a future climate regime. Landscape metrics showed different trends for the process-based NPP map when compared to the cover type map. It may be important to augment landscape analyses with process-based layers as well as structural and compositional layers.     

武安国家森林公园蕨类植物叶表皮细胞的显微观察

利用光学显微镜对武安国家森林公园14种观赏蕨类植物叶表皮细胞的显微结构进行了观察.结果表明:几种蕨类植物不同种属间具有一定的共性,表现为气孔器全部分布在叶的下表皮,即全部为下生气孔.但在叶表皮细胞的大小、形态、垂周壁式样及气孔器的类型、保卫细胞的长宽、气孔指数等特征上存在一定的差异,基于14个分类群和35项表型性状特征相似性的聚类分析结果,表明蕨类植物各个种之间的亲缘关系和传统分类方法基本相同.     

A new contagion index to quantify spatial patterns of landscapes

A contagion index was proposed by O'Neill et al. (1988) to quantify spatial patterns of landscapes. However, this index is insensitive to changes in spatial pattern. We present a new contagion index that corrects an error in the mathematical formulation of the original contagion index. The error is identified mathematically. The contagion indices (both original and new) are then evaluated against simulated landscapes.     

Spatial and temporal analysis of landscape patterns

A variety of ecological questions now require the study of large regions and the understanding of spatial heterogeneity. Methods for spatial-temporal analyses are becoming increasingly important for ecological studies. A grid cell based spatial analysis program (SPAN) is described and results of landscape pattern analysis using SPAN are presentedd. Several ecological topics in which geographic information systems (GIS) can play an important role (landscape pattern analysis, neutral models of pattern and process, and extrapolation across spatial scales) are reviewed. To study the relationship between observed landscape patterns and ecological processes, a neutral model approach is recommended. For example, the expected pattern (i.e., neutral model) of the spread of disturbance across a landscape can be generated and then tested using actual landscape data that are stored in a GIS. Observed spatial or temporal patterns in ecological data may also be influenced by scale. Creating a spatial data base frequently requires integrating data at different scales. Spatial is shown to influence landscape pattern analyses, but extrapolation of data across spatial scales may be possible if the grain and extent of the data are specified. The continued development and testing of new methods for spatial-temporal analysis will contribute to a general understanding of landscape dynamics.     

森林公园体验化景观规划初探——以湖南浏阳大围山森林公园为例

通过体验化设计的途径来探讨森林公园景观规划设计,意在丰富森林公园的功能需求以及设计元素,并就营造吸引游人的体验环境,提出森林公园体验化设计的具体实施方法,使得森林公园的功能丰富多样,营造更加宜人和富有吸引力的环境。