共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Georgia Ntatsi Anestis Karkanis Dionisios Yfantopoulos Margit Olle Ilias Travlos Ricos Thanopoulos 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(7):619-630
The main objective of this study was to investigate the performance of faba bean landraces originating from different regions of Greece under both organic and conventional farming systems focusing mainly on yield, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), and competitiveness to weeds. Faba bean exhibited a high ability to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere, as indicated by the percentage of N2 derived from the atmosphere which exceeded 75% in all evaluated varieties, and the total amount of biologically fixed N up to full anthesis, which fluctuated from 118.5 to 193.9?kg?ha?1 in the various cropping systems and cultivars. The weed density was appreciably higher in the organic plots, without significant differences among the faba bean cultivars, while wild mustard and corn poppy were the most competitive weeds. The application of inorganic starter fertiliser in the conventionally-treated plots had no negative effect on biologically-fixed nitrogen by faba bean plants, while the herbicide pendimethalin had no negative impact on the nodulation process. Protein concentrations in faba bean cultivars fluctuated from 27.3% to 31.4%. The evaluated landraces could be utilised in breeding programmes due to their earliness, and their high performance in terms of protein content, BNF ability, and productivity. 相似文献
2.
Sindhuja Shanmugam Margita Hefner Jeanett S. Pelck Rodrigo Labouriau Hanne L. Kristensen 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(1):729-740
Intercropping can improve yield and nitrogen use efficiency in organic vegetable production by pairing crops with complementary resource use. An intercrop field experiment was conducted to determine yield, root growth and nitrogen (N) dynamics using faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grown as a vegetable and pointed cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata cv. conica). Both crops were grown in monocropping (MC) and intercropping systems (IC). Minirhizotrons were used to measure root growth. Yield of pointed cabbage per metre row was 28% higher under the IC system than under MC, whereas faba bean yield as fresh seeds did not differ. The land equivalent ratio was 1.06, showing that improved yield under IC resulted from efficient land resource use. Even though MC cabbage had the highest aboveground biomass, total N accumulation was higher under IC and MC faba bean systems. Both root frequency and intensity were greater under IC faba bean rows compared with MC faba bean because of the presence of cabbage roots in faba bean rows. Monocropped cabbage had the highest root intensity and the lowest amount of soil mineral N in the 0–1.5 m depth after harvest. Monocropped cabbage was efficient in assimilating N, whereas MC faba bean was efficient in exporting N as harvestable yield. The nitrogen use efficiency using the IC system (75%) was higher than growing faba bean (44%) and cabbage (65%) alone. Thus, faba bean as an intercrop in organic cabbage production systems improves land and N use efficiency by complementary root growth. 相似文献
3.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):629-642
Abstract One‐third of all the cultivated land area is used for multiple cropping and half of the total grain yield is produced with multiple cropping in China. There have been numerous studies on nutrient acquisition by crops in legume/non‐legume intercropping systems, but few on nutrient uptake in cereal/cereal intercropping. This paper describes a field experiment in which integrated wheat/maize and maize/faba bean systems were compared with sole wheat and sole faba bean cropping to assess the effects of intercropping on nutrient uptake by wheat, maize, and faba bean under various application rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizers. Results show that both N and P fertilizers and intercropping enhanced N uptake by wheat, while only P fertilizer and intercropping increased P acquisition by wheat. The advantage of N uptake by border rows of wheat intercropped with maize declined with increasing N fertilizer application rate, but that of P acquisition was not affected by P fertilizer. The amounts of both N and P taken up by maize intercropped with faba bean were much higher than those by maize intercropped with wheat throughout the period of intercropping. Both fertilization and intercropping did not influence the N and P uptake by faba bean. 相似文献
4.
Phenolics, phytic acid, and phytase in Canadian-grown low-tannin faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes
Oomah BD Luc G Leprelle C Drover JC Harrison JE Olson M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(8):3763-3771
Thirteen low-tannin faba bean genotypes grown at two locations in north central Alberta in 2009 were evaluated to investigate the variation in seed characteristics, phenolic and phytate contents, and phytase and antioxidant activities and to elucidate the relationship of these components as a breeding strategy. Seed characteristics including color were predominantly genotype dependent. The faba bean genotypes with total phenolic content ranging from 5.5 to 41.8 mg of catechin equiv/g of sample was linearly related to tannin content and the best predictor of antioxidant activity. Phytic acid content and phytase activity varied significantly among genotypes and between locations, ranging from 5.9 to 15.1 g/kg and from 1606 to 2154 FTU/kg sample, respectively. Multivariate data analysis performed on 19 components analyzed in this study using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis demonstrate that differences in seed characteristics, phenolic components, phytic acid, and phytase are major factors in segregating faba bean genotypes. The relatively low phytic acid content and high phytase activity of these low-tannin faba bean genotypes are beneficial/essential traits for their use in human and animal nutrition. 相似文献
5.
灌漠土上连续间作对作物生产力和土壤化学肥力的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
间套作是我国传统农业的精髓,是发展生态农业的重要措施之一,在我国乃至世界的现代农业中仍然占有一定的地位。然而,长期间套作条件下的土壤肥力变化研究较为缺乏。在甘肃武威连续6年(2009—2014年)进行定位试验,采用两因素试验设计,主因素为三个施磷水平(0、40和80 kg hm-2),副因素为9种种植模式(蚕豆/玉米、大豆/玉米、鹰嘴豆/玉米和油菜/玉米间作,蚕豆、大豆、鹰嘴豆、油菜和玉米单作),分别在第5年(2013年)和第6年(2014年)测定体系生产力和土壤肥力的主要化学指标,旨在明确连续间作条件下土壤肥力的变化。结果表明:1)三个施磷水平平均下,间作显著提高体系籽粒产量,鹰嘴豆、蚕豆、大豆和油菜与玉米间作体系平均产量比对应单作分别高出38.2%、32.6%、34.0%和38.4%;2)与单作相比,间作种植显著提高了土壤有机质含量;3)施磷及种植方式对土壤全氮含量均无显著影响;4)间作种植与单作相比在2013年分别显著降低土壤Olsen P含量5.2%、6.9%、15.9%和11.3%,2014年间作相对于单作土壤Olsen P无显著变化;5)间作显著降低土壤速效钾含量,2年平均下降10.3%、14.1%、8.5%和13.2%;6)施磷和作物组合以及间作均未显著改变土壤p H。总之,连续种植5—6年,间作相对于单作仍能提高体系作物籽粒产量,施磷也能提高体系籽粒产量,80 kg hm-2施磷量时产量达到最高;间作有增加土壤有机质,降低土壤Olsen P和速效钾含量趋势,土壤全氮和p H未受到施磷和间作的影响。表明在合理的施肥条件下,间套作不仅相对于单作提高了作物产量,还能够增强农田生态系统的可持续性。 相似文献
6.
以赤峰市敖汉旗水平梯田土壤为研究对象,选取玉米、谷子、高粱、绿豆4种当地多年主栽作物的表层(0~20 cm)土壤216个样品,通过方差分析方法探究梯田4种作物表层土壤有机碳含量的差异及其影响因素。结果表明,研究区梯田表层土壤有机碳含量平均值为6.34 g/kg,处于中等偏下水平。不同作物土壤有机碳含量由高到低表现为绿豆谷子高粱玉米。在0.01显著性水平下,绿豆地土壤有机碳含量显著高于玉米、高粱、谷子地(P=0.000 6)。玉米、高粱、绿豆地土壤有机碳含量均随坡位的上升而减少,谷子则相反。4种作物土壤有机碳含量大小在两个坡向上都表现为阴坡阳坡。下坡位以及阴坡的土壤有机碳含量比较高。人为因素是通过不同的耕作制度和管护措施来影响梯田土壤有机碳含量的,免耕、秸秆还田、绿豆种植等措施能提高梯田土壤有机碳含量。 相似文献
7.
不同品种小麦与蚕豆间作对蚕豆枯萎病发生、根系分泌物和根际微生物群落功能多样性的影响 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12
通过田间小区试验和盆栽试验,研究了3个不同品种小麦[云麦42(YM42),云麦47(YM47)和绵阳29(MY29)]与蚕豆间作对蚕豆枯萎病发生、 根系分泌物和根际微生物群落功能多样性的影响。结果表明,云麦42与蚕豆间作处理(YM42//B)和云麦47与蚕豆间作处理(YM47//B)使蚕豆枯萎病病情指数分别降低47.6%和33.3%,而绵阳29与蚕豆间作处理(MY29//B)对蚕豆枯萎病病情指数无显著影响。与蚕豆单作相比,YM42//B和YM47//B处理显著增加了根系分泌物中有机酸的含量,显著降低了根系分泌物中可溶性总糖和游离氨基酸含量; 显著提高了蚕豆根际微生物对碳源的利用强度,明显改变了蚕豆根际微生物群落结构,并且YM42//B处理的影响大于YM47//B; 而MY29//B处理对碳源利用强度、 根际微生物群落结构和根系分泌物中有机酸、 可溶性总糖和游离氨基酸含量均无显著影响。 YM42//B处理根际微生物利用碳源的种类比YM47//B处理多,同时YM42//B和YM47//B处理利用的糖类、 氨基酸类和羧酸类碳源种类完全不同。表明云麦42和云麦47与蚕豆间作通过增加有机酸含量,从而提高根际微生物活性和多样性,促进了根际微生物利用更多的碳源,同时云麦42和云麦47与蚕豆间作抑制了氨基酸和总糖的分泌,而最终控制了蚕豆枯萎病的发生。表明不同品种小麦与蚕豆间作系统根系分泌物-根际微生物的互作是影响蚕豆枯萎病抗性的重要原因。小麦与蚕豆间作控病效果受小麦品种的影响,以云麦42与蚕豆间作效果最好,其次为云麦47与蚕豆间作,而绵阳29与蚕豆间作无显著控病效果。 相似文献
8.
基于根系形态对磷吸收的贡献解析小麦||蚕豆间作促进磷吸收的作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
间作模式是充分挖掘作物自身生物学潜力,促进磷资源高效利用的有效手段。为进一步探明间作诱导的根系形态适应性变化对磷吸收的相对贡献,理解小麦||蚕豆间作系统促进磷吸收的作用机制,本研究采用水培法,研究了常规磷(Hoagland营养液磷水平)和低磷(1/2-Hoagland营养液磷水平)条件下,小麦||蚕豆间作对小麦和蚕豆磷吸收、生长性状和根系形态变化的影响,并结合集成推进树算法(ABT)分析小麦和蚕豆根系形态对小麦和蚕豆磷吸收的相对贡献。结果表明,在低磷水平下,与单作小麦相比,小麦||蚕豆间作可以显著促进小麦对磷的吸收;而在正常磷水平下,间作小麦的磷吸收量显著低于单作小麦。在常规磷和低磷水平下,间作均能够显著促进蚕豆对磷的吸收。正常磷水平,间作系统的磷吸收量是小麦和蚕豆单作系统平均磷吸收量的1.04倍;低磷水平,间作系统的磷吸收量是小麦和蚕豆单作系统磷吸收量的1.28倍。种植模式和供磷水平能够显著影响小麦的株高,且有显著的交互作用;间作显著降低蚕豆的株高。ABT分析结果表明,小麦根长、根平均直径主导了小麦根系对磷的吸收,其解释量分别为74.7%和25.3%;蚕豆根长、根平均直径和根表面积共同解释了根系对磷的吸收,其解释量分别为48.0%、35.2%和16.9%。因此,低磷条件下,小麦||蚕豆间作主要通过增加小麦的根长,显著降低小麦根系平均直径,促进小麦对磷的吸收;而间作系统中的蚕豆则通过增加根长促进其对磷的吸收。 相似文献
9.
[目的]筛选适用于成都平原的高效广谱蚕豆根瘤菌,并对其相关促生功能进行初步评价,为成都平原高效蚕豆根瘤菌剂的研制与应用提供科学依据。[方法]供试6株根瘤菌由课题组前期分离自成都平原,其与四川主栽蚕豆‘大白蚕豆’匹配良好,采用常规方法测定了这6个菌株分泌生长素及溶磷能力。菌株与蚕豆品种匹配试验采用低氮砂培法,供试蚕豆品种为成都平原主栽品种‘成胡14’、‘成胡15’;两个品种的蚕豆种子播种后,分别接种6个菌株,以不接种为对照(CK),光照(控温22~25℃、光照强度2800 lx左右、日照时间14 h)下培养41天后收获,测定植株生物量和根瘤数。然后,对匹配性试验筛到的两株高效广谱根瘤菌进行田间验证,供试蚕豆品种为成胡15,将2个根瘤菌制备的菌剂(活菌数5.0×10^8 CFU/g以上,载体为泥炭)进行拌种,以不接菌处理的灭菌泥炭为对照。在盛花期(生育期105 d)采样测定株高、根瘤数、地上部分植株干重;收获期(生育期200 d)采样测产;测定两个时期植株样品氮、磷、钾含量。盛花期采用BOX-PCR分子标记法测定接种根瘤菌占瘤率,同时提取接种菌株SCAUf73、SCAUf76的总DNA,比较接种菌株及相应根瘤类菌体根瘤菌DNA的BOX-PCR分子指纹图谱。用多位点基因序列分析法对田间验证的优良菌株SCAU73进行分类地位研究。[结果]1)通过匹配性砂培试验,筛选到2株与2个成都平原主栽蚕豆品种均高效匹配的根瘤菌SCAUf73、SCAUf76。SCAUf76、SCAUf73能使‘成胡14’、‘成胡15’植株干重较CK显著增加40.5%~61.6%。2)通过两株菌田间接种试验发现,接种SCAUf76处理的蚕豆产量与CK差异不显著;接种SCAUf73处理蚕豆植株干重、全氮含量等指标均高于CK,籽粒鲜产比CK显著增加25.0%,并显著高于SCAUf76,其占瘤率达到33%。3)多位点基因序列分析表明,SCAUf73可能是Rhizobium的一个新类群。4)促生性试验表明,6株菌都能分泌生长素(IAA),最大分泌量为21.0 mg/L(SCAUf76);供试菌株的溶磷能力不明显。[结论]从成都平原上筛选的6个菌株中,SCAUf73具有分泌IAA能力,与蚕豆接种后,占瘤率达33%,可显著促进蚕豆氮素吸收积累,提高蚕豆籽粒产量。与成都平原的主栽蚕豆品种匹配的高效广谱根瘤菌SCAUf73,适用于成都平原的蚕豆生产。 相似文献
10.
蚕豆枯萎病是土传病害,其发生与蚕豆根系分泌物有密切关系。本文以3个枯萎病不同抗性蚕豆品种——‘89-147’(高抗)、‘8363’(中抗)和‘云豆324’(感病)为材料,通过水培试验收集根系分泌物,测定根系分泌物对镰刀菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响,分析对枯萎病表现出不同抗性的蚕豆品种根系分泌物中糖、氨基酸和有机酸的含量,分离鉴定了根系分泌物中氨基酸和有机酸的组分。结果表明,抗病品种的根系分泌物抑制了尖孢镰刀菌的孢子萌发和菌丝生长,在加入5 mL中抗品种根系分泌物时,显著促进尖孢镰刀菌孢子萌发,但对菌丝生长无显著影响;而在加入1 mL感病品种根系分泌物时,就能显著促进尖孢镰刀菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长。不同抗性蚕豆品种根系分泌物中氨基酸总量和总糖含量随抗性的降低而升高,有机酸分泌总量则随蚕豆品种对枯萎病的抗性增加而升高。感病品种和中抗品种中检出15种氨基酸,而高抗品种中检出14种,组氨酸只存在于中抗品种中,脯氨酸仅在感病品种中检出,3个蚕豆品种根系分泌物中均未检出精氨酸。蚕豆根系分泌物中天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和亮氨酸含量高,可能会促进枯萎病的发生,而蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和丝氨酸含量高可能抑制枯萎病发生。酒石酸仅在抗病品种中存在,根系分泌物中有机酸种类丰富,有助于提高蚕豆对枯萎病的抗性。蚕豆对枯萎病的抗性不同,根分泌物对镰刀菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响也不同,而这种抗病性差异与蚕豆根系分泌物中糖、氨基酸、有机酸的含量和组分密切相关。 相似文献
11.
12.
轮作提高土壤磷生物有效性改善后茬作物磷素营养 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
13.
Inga Herrmann Amir Jourak Annelie Hedström Staffan Lundström Maria Viklander 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2014,225(1):1-11
The distribution of selected elements in individual fractions of organic matter from anthropogenically contaminated soils was investigated. The attention was paid especially at Hg. Furthermore, contents of S, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb were also measured. The decomposition of organic matter to particular fractions was carried out by the resin DAX-8. Ten soil samples were collected, and the Advanced Mercury Analyzer (AMA-254) was used for the determination of the total Hg content. The two highest Hg values reached up to the concentration 10.5 mg kg?1, and in the highest one, it was almost 29 mg kg?1. In each extract, mercury was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), for other elements, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was applied. Results of the analysis show that the Hg content bound to the humic acids is inversely proportional to the content of Mg, Mn, Fe and Cu. However, this dependence was not confirmed by the samples with the mercury content above 10 mg kg?1. In the case of fulvic acids, the relationship between Hg and S was observed and has again an inverse character. 相似文献
14.
Nan Nan Zhang Yan Mei Sun Long Li En Tao Wang Wen Xin Chen Hong Li Yuan 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2010,46(6):625-639
The effects of intercropping with maize and Rhizobium inoculation on the yield of faba bean and rhizosphere bacterial diversity were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment
length polymorphism, amplified 16S rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), and 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that intercropping
but not Rhizobium inoculation significantly increased the faba bean yield. Probably the relatively high level of native rhizobia in soil annulled
the effect of rhizobia inoculation. ARDRA results showed that intercropping did not affect bacterial diversity whereas Rhizobium inoculation decreased bacterial diversity. The canonical correspondence analysis showed that the composition of bacterial
community was changed apparently by intercropping, and there was a positive correlation (P = 0.724) between faba bean yields and intercropping and an apparent correlation (P = 0.648) between intercropping and total N. The available content of K and P had a lower effect on the bacterial community
composition than did the total N content, Rhizobium inoculation, and microbial biomass C. Rhizobium inoculation negatively correlated with microbial biomass C (P = −0.827). These results revealed a complex interaction among the intercropped crops, inoculation with rhizobia, and indigenous
bacteria and implied that the increase of faba bean production in intercropping might be related to the modification of rhizosphere
bacterial community. 相似文献
15.
田间玉米和蚕豆对低磷胁迫响应的差异比较 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
【目的】植物在长期进化过程中形成了一系列适应机制,以应对低磷胁迫。本文提出玉米主要通过根系形态变化适应低磷胁迫的假设,并通过与蚕豆植株在根系形态与生理方面对低磷胁迫反应的比较试验加以验证。【方法】在中国农业大学上庄长期定位试验田进行两年田间实验,玉米和蚕豆分别单作,重复3次。在玉米抽雄前的拔节至大喇叭口期和蚕豆的初花至盛花期两次取样(两年的两次取样时间间隔10~12天),比较研究了不供磷和供磷100 kg/hm2下玉米和蚕豆生长和磷素吸收、根系在0—40 cm土层中分布、以及根际p H值和酸性磷酸酶活性的差异。【结果】1)玉米植株的生物量和含磷量远远高于蚕豆;第一次取样时蚕豆的根冠比高于玉米,而且两种植物低磷下的根冠比高于供磷充足处理。两次取样时玉米的总根长大于蚕豆,两种植物的大部分根系分布在0—20 cm表层土壤,玉米根系在0—10 cm土层的分布更多。2)蚕豆根系的比根长明显大于玉米,但单位根长吸磷量低于玉米,两种植物间的上述差异不受取样时间和供磷水平的影响。3)两次取样时,蚕豆根表的酸性磷酸酶活性均明显高于玉米。玉米根表的酸性磷酸酶活性在两个供磷水平下没有差异。第一次取样时,缺磷蚕豆根表的酸性磷酸酶活性高于供磷充足的蚕豆植株。4)缺磷蚕豆的根际土壤p H值明显低于供磷充足蚕豆;但玉米根际土壤p H值在缺磷和供磷充足条件下无显著差异。【结论】低磷条件下两种植物的根冠比均明显增加。玉米根系单位根长的吸磷量高于蚕豆,并且在含磷量丰富的表层土壤分布有更多根系,但缺磷条件下玉米没有增加根系的质子和酸性磷酸酶的分泌,主要以根系形态变化来适应低磷胁迫。结果支持本文提出的玉米主要通过根系形态变化适应低磷胁迫的假设。但蚕豆在低磷条件下除了增加根系生长外,还具有通过增加质子分泌和根表酸性磷酸酶活性提高根际土壤有效磷浓度的潜力。 相似文献
16.
新开垦土壤上构建玉米/蚕豆-根瘤菌高效固氮模式 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
为了在新开垦土壤上构建高效种植模式,本文采用温室盆栽和大田试验相结合的方法,选用4种根瘤菌接种方式(保水剂拌种、清水拌种、三叶期灌根和种子丸衣化)接种4种不同蚕豆根瘤菌(NM353、CCBAU、G254和QH258),分析接菌后新开垦土壤上玉米/蚕豆间作体系的生产潜力、地上部氮素吸收和结瘤特性以及生物固氮等方面的优势,拟为该体系筛选出高效的根瘤菌及其接种技术。结果表明:接种NM353后,玉米/蚕豆间作体系中蚕豆籽粒产量比单作平均增加152.84%,而玉米保持相对稳产;以保水剂拌种的方式接种NM353的间作蚕豆地上部氮素积累量最高,蚕豆结瘤数、瘤重、固氮比例和固氮量均高于本试验中其他3种方式接种的根瘤菌。在盛花期和盛花鼓粒期,接种NM353蚕豆的固氮比例比接种CCBAU的分别高19.1%和11.1%,在各个生育时期两者固氮量之间差异均达显著水平;接种NM353与接种其他菌种间固氮量和固氮比例差异更显著。因此,在新开垦土壤上,用保水剂拌种的方式对间作蚕豆接种NM353根瘤菌,构建玉米/蚕豆-根瘤菌高效固氮体系,为新开垦土壤合理开发利用的可持续发展模式。 相似文献
17.
豆科绿肥对渭北旱塬土壤养分及生态化学计量学特征影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
渭北旱塬是我国重要的农业生态区,但土壤贫瘠、水土流失严重,亟需培肥土壤、改善生态环境。为探究渭北旱塬地区夏闲期种植并翻压豆科绿肥后土壤养分及其生态化学计量学特征的变化规律,采用田间定位试验,分别设置了3种豆科绿肥(绿豆、大豆和长武怀豆)和4个施氮水平,连续6年种植并翻压绿肥后,分析了土壤中养分含量,采用生态化学计量学方法计算了不同条件下的生态化学计量比值。结果表明:与对照(休闲)处理相比,长期种植并翻压豆科绿肥能显著提高土壤有机碳、全氮和碱解氮等养分指标含量,3种养分分别提高了4.47%~15.35%、5.21%~6.25%和11.00%~14.35%,且均以怀豆处理提升效果最佳。翻压绿肥短期内(2周后),土壤全氮含量的提升幅度大于有机碳和碱解氮。怀豆处理的有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、全磷和有效磷含量在短期和长期内均显著升高,培肥效果最为明显。翻压绿肥后,短期内土壤C∶N降低,但从长期效应来看,翻压绿肥提高了土壤C∶N,有利于土壤有机质的积累,能有效改善土壤养分平衡状态。土壤C∶P和N∶P与土壤C、N含量变化关系较为密切。夏闲期长期种植并翻压绿肥明显改善了土壤碳、氮养分状况,是渭北旱塬地区土壤培肥的有效措施。 相似文献
18.
对羟基苯甲酸胁迫下间作对蚕豆枯萎病发生和根系抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
连作障碍是限制蚕豆生产的重要因素,利用植物间化感作用的间作栽培模式是解决连作障碍的有效手段。为了探究对羟基苯甲酸胁迫下蚕豆与小麦间作对蚕豆生长和枯萎病发生的影响及其生理响应,通过盆栽土培试验研究不同浓度[C0(0 mmol·L~(-1))、C1(0.36 mmol·L~(-1))、C2(0.72 mmol·L~(-1))和C3(1.45 mmol·L~(-1))]对羟基苯甲酸处理下,小麦与蚕豆间作蚕豆生长、枯萎病发生、抗氧化酶(POD和CAT)活性和膜质过氧化程度(MDA含量)的影响,从生理抗性角度探讨小麦与蚕豆间作缓解对羟基苯甲酸自毒效应的机制。结果表明,随着对羟基苯甲酸处理浓度提高,蚕豆生物量呈先增加后降低的趋势;C1和C2提高了蚕豆根系POD和CAT活性,降低了镰刀菌的数量,减轻了枯萎病的发生;C3降低了根系POD和CAT活性,增加了镰刀菌的数量,促进了枯萎病发生;随对羟基苯甲酸处理浓度增加,MDA含量显著增加,证实了对羟基苯甲酸是导致蚕豆连作障碍形成的主要自毒物质。与单作相比,对羟基苯甲酸胁迫下间作显著提高了根系POD活性(4.17%~22.22%)和CAT活性(10.53%~11.11%),显著降低了MDA含量(11.20%~52.80%);镰刀菌数量降低4.63%~23.65%,病情指数降低13.33%~50.00%,蚕豆干重显著增加15.73%~20.63%。综上,小麦与蚕豆间作通过提高蚕豆的生理抗性而减轻对羟基苯甲酸引起的枯萎病危害,促进蚕豆生长,是缓解对羟基苯甲酸自毒效应的有效措施。本研究结果为间作缓解连作障碍中的自毒效应提供了理论论据。 相似文献
19.