不同营养条件对黎蒴栲幼苗形态指标的影响

采用均匀设计对黎蒴栲实生幼苗进行不同梯度的N、P、K配比施肥试验,探讨不同营养条件对黎蒴栲幼苗苗高、地径、冠幅的影响。结果表明:1)不同营养条件对黎蒴栲幼苗的形态指标有很明显的影响。T5(N:0.075 0 g/株、P2O5:0.350 0 g/株)施肥处理的苗高、地径、冠幅较大,其次为T4(N:0.112 5 g/株、K2O:0.050 0 g/株)、T3(P2O5:0.175 0 g/株、K2O:0.100 0 g/株)施肥处理,T1(N:0.150 0 g/株、P2O5:0.262 5 g/株、K2O:0.150 0 g/株)、T2(N:0.037 5 g/株、P2O5:0.087 5 g/株、K2O:0.200 0 g/株)施肥处理和对照则较差。2)N、P、K对黎蒴栲幼苗生长的影响效应各不相同。氮肥可促进黎蒴栲幼苗的生长,但过多的钾肥则不利于黎蒴栲幼苗的生长。     

N、P、K配比施肥对高阿丁枫苗期生长的影响

采用正交设计设置N、P、K 3因素3水平的施肥试验,分析N、P、K配比施肥对高阿丁枫苗期生长的影响。结果表明,P素对高阿丁枫苗期生长影响最大,其次为N素,而K素的影响相对较小。不同水平的N、P、K配比施肥对试验苗有不同的影响,最适合高阿丁枫苗期生长的施肥处理是N1P1K1,即氮肥1.25g·株-1、磷肥5g·株-1、钾肥1.25g·株-1。     

N、P、K配比施肥对美国红枫幼苗生长及叶色变化的影响

为探究不同N、P、K水平施肥处理对优良景观树种美国红枫幼苗生长及叶色变化的影响,选取1年生改良美国红枫Acer×freemanii‘Autumn Blaze’扦插苗为试验材料,采用盆栽实验方法,设3种不同N、P、K施肥配比(N、P、K比例为1∶1∶1、3∶1∶2、3∶2∶1),每种配比设3水平施肥量(15、30、45 g/pot),共9组施肥处理。研究结果表明:在各施肥处理下,美国红枫幼苗生长及叶色变化状况均优于空白对照组,说明配比施肥对美国红枫幼苗生长及叶色变化有促进作用;在促进幼苗生长方面,以处理9(N、P、K比例为3∶2∶1,45 g/pot)植株长势最盛,株高、地径、干质量分别高达83.34 cm、11.39 mm、41.68 g,为最优处理;在叶色变化的影响方面,处理3(N、P、K比例为1∶1∶1,45 g/pot)的植株叶片中花色素苷相对含量与总叶绿素比值均为最大值,分别为3.74 g/pot和278.69,叶片呈鲜红色,观赏性最强,但变色较晚;结合生物学观察,N、P、K比例为3∶1∶2施肥处理的植株,其叶片变色最早,在延长美国红枫幼苗变色期方面为最优施肥配比。     

不同营养条件对黎蒴栲苗木形态指标的影响

采用均匀设计对黎蒴栲实生幼苗进行不同梯度的N、P、K配比施肥试验,探讨不同营养条件对黎蒴栲幼苗苗高、地径、冠幅的影响。结果表明：1）不同营养条件对黎蒴栲幼苗的形态指标有很明显的影响。T5（N：0.075 0 g/株、P2O5：0.350 0 g/株）施肥处理的苗高、地径、冠幅较大,其次为T4（N：0.112 5 g/株、K2O：0.050 0 g/株）、T3（P2O5：0.175 0 g/株、K2O：0.100 0 g/株）施肥处理,T1（N：0.150 0 g/株、P2O5：0.262 5 g/株、K2O：0.150 0 g/株）、T2（N：0.037 5 g/株、P2O5：0.087 5 g/株、K2O：0.200 0 g/株）施肥处理和对照则较差。2）N、P、K对黎蒴栲幼苗生长的影响效应各不相同。氮肥可促进黎蒴栲幼苗的生长,但过多的钾肥则不利于黎蒴栲幼苗的生长。     

爪哇木棉苗木对不同配比肥料的生长响应

以1 a生爪哇木棉营养袋播种苗为研究对象,采用L25(53)正交试验设计,研究不同施肥配比对爪哇木棉苗期生长的影响.结果表明:爪哇木棉苗木高生长最优肥料配比组合为N3P5K2,地径生长最优组合为N2P4K5,主根长最高为N2P4K5,而I级侧根数最高为N3P5K2;通过4个生长指标主成分分析及标准化计算,确定最优施肥组合为N2P5K1,即尿素肥10.87 g/m2+过磷酸钙肥388.89 g/m2+硫酸钾肥0 g/m2.苗期施肥有利于幼苗的生长,能够有效促进侧根伸长和数量的增加,从促进苗木质量及经济价值考虑,爪哇木棉苗期施肥效益显著.     

N、P、K营养元素不同配比对马占相思苗期生长的影响

采用N、P、K 3营养元素 5个水平配比试验 ,分析不同配比对马占相思苗期生长的影响 ;通过正交试验 ,确定马占相思苗木对各营养元素的实际需求水平。结果表明 ,P素对马占相思苗期生长影响最大 ,其次为K素 ,而N素的影响相对较小。不同水平的N、P、K配比对试验苗有不同的影响 ,其中 ,N∶P∶K最佳配比为 :190∶2 5∶16 0 (mg·L- 1)。     

配比施肥对薄壳山核桃幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

【目的】探究不同氮磷钾配比施肥对薄壳山核桃幼苗生理生长的影响,以期找出适合薄壳山核桃幼苗生长的一套施肥方案。【方法】以薄壳山核桃一年生品种‘马罕’(Mahan)嫁接苗为试验材料,采用土壤盆栽试验,根据L9(34)正交试验设计,进行3因子(N、P、K)3水平(N,4 g/株;P,2 g/株;K,1 g/株。N,6 g/株;P,3 g/株;K,3 g/株。N,8 g/株;P,4 g/株;K,5 g/株)配比施肥试验,以不施肥为对照,研究不同处理对薄壳山核桃幼苗生长(苗高、地径、生物量)及生理特性(可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、谷氨酰胺合成酶和硝酸还原酶)的影响。【结果】氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)对薄壳山核桃的生长指标影响效应为N K P;氮肥对苗高影响显著,平均高出对照(CK)39.13%;氮肥对地径也有显著影响,平均高出对照26.01%;氮肥和钾肥对幼苗地上生物量和地下生物量的影响显著,分别平均高出对照9.32%和45.27%。氮和磷对可溶性蛋白影响显著,平均高出对照19.25%;氮、磷、钾均对可溶性糖有显著影响,平均高出对照15.19%;氮对谷氨酰胺合成酶影响显著,平均高出对照72.79%;氮对硝酸还原酶也具有显著影响,平均高出对照32.1%。【结论】合理的配比施肥能够显著促进薄壳山核桃幼苗生长,同时也提高了主要碳氮代谢物的含量和关键酶的活性。     

施肥对毛白杨杂种无性系幼苗生长和光合的影响

采用正交设计L9(34)布置氮、磷、钾3因素3水平的肥料试验,研究氮、磷、钾配施对毛白杨杂种无性系苗木生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明:1)不同的施肥处理对相同系号的苗木影响不同,而不同系号的苗木对相同施肥处理响应也不一致,因此不仅要找出最佳的氮、磷、钾施肥量及其比例,而且要针对不同的无性系制定不同的施肥配方;2)毛白杨杂种无性系的生长和生理特征对于不同施肥配方的响应不完全一致,毛白杨杂种无性系S86号的最佳施肥配方为N(3g)+P2O5(2.25g)+K2O(0g),46号的最佳配比为N(5g)+P2O5(4.5g)+K2O(1g);3)毛白杨杂种无性系S86和46号处理间净光合速率×总叶面积(PTL)较净光合速率(Pn)差异更显著,并且与生长的相关性要高于净光合速率与生长的相关性,相关系数在0.80以上;4)不同的氮、磷、钾配施处理对毛白杨杂种无性系苗木各项生长指标和生理指标有显著影响,以氮肥影响最大,磷和钾肥影响较小。该研究对毛白杨杂种无性系的合理施肥具有理论和实际指导意义。     

叶面配比施肥对文冠果种苗生长的影响

【目的】探究配比N、P、K叶面肥对文冠果种苗生长的影响,为有效提高种苗生长量,优化文冠果育苗技术提供一定的参考。【方法】以文冠果35 d生种苗为试材,利用3因素(N、P、K)4水平(0、1.5、3、4.5 g·L~(-1)的N肥;0、0.9、1.8、2.7 g·L~(-1)的P肥;0、0.7、1.4、2.1 g·L~(-1)的K肥)正交试验方案,设计出包括CK共计11个叶面肥配比组合,分别在5月18日、6月18日和7月17日分3次对种苗喷施不同组合的叶面肥,并采用差异比较、方差分析和相关性分析筛选出促进文冠果种苗生长的最佳叶面肥配比组合。【结果】种苗的生长呈现先快后慢的生长趋势,其生长周期由快速生长期(5月20日—6月29日)、放缓生长期(6月29日—7月28日)、缓慢生长期(7月28日—8月28日)和停止生长期(8月28日—10月25日)组成。在7月17日前,喷施3次11个不同叶面肥处理,10个处理种苗的苗高生长量、地径生长量、根干质量和叶绿素含量等指标均高于CK(1-N0P0K0)。其中,6-N2P2K2的苗高、苗高总生长量、地径、地径总生长量、根干质量和叶绿素含量均最高,分别为88.03 cm、68.52 cm、0.869 cm、0.665 cm、6.18 g和12.48 mg·L~(-1)。此外,9-N2P2K1和5-N2P1K2对促进种苗苗高生长效果显著;3-N1P2K2和5-N2P1K2对促进种苗地径生长效果显著;3-N1P2K2对促进种苗根部生长效果同样显著。经方差分析显示,11个处理种苗的苗高总生长量差异极显著(P 0.01)、地径总生长量和根干质量差异显著(P 0.05)。种苗苗高、地径和根干质量两两之间相关性呈现极显著差异(R 0.9,P 0.01)。【结论】分别在5月18日、6月18日和7月17日各喷施1次浓度为3.0、1.8、1.4 g·L~(-1)的N、P、K叶面肥(6-N2P2K2)能有效促进种苗生长和叶绿素合成,种苗生长量达到最高,此配比组合对促进种苗生长效果最佳。     

配比施肥对南方红豆杉幼林生长的影响

研究了配比施肥对2年生红豆杉幼林生长的影响.结果表明,在土壤肥力中下,N、P及有机质含量稍低的情况下,N、P、K适当配比施肥能显著促进南方红豆杉生长,但过量施肥,则会抑制其生长.N、P、K不同配比施肥对南方红豆杉幼林生长的影响差异显著,施肥在抽梢长度、地径年生长量、分枝数和干物质积累(株干质量)上分别比CK高33.14%～80.77%、100.00%～161.90%、11.81%～47.17%和207.42%～325.05%.试验设置的15个配比处理中,以7号处理最佳,12号处理最差,前者在上述4个生长性状上分别较后者高47.63%、61.90%、35.36%和117.63%.P素对南方红豆杉幼林生长影响最大,缺P时增施N和K效果较差.N×P互作效应显著,配比施用N、P能显著促进南方红豆杉幼林生长.     

Effects of vitality fertilization on the growth of Heterobasidion annosum in Norway spruce roots

The effects of vitality fertilization on the growth of Heterobasidion annosum in roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies) were studied in a 53-year-old, naturally regenerated spruce stand in southern Finland. The fertilizer treatments were: (1), unfertilized control; (2), a compound fertilizer containing P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Zn and B; (3), as 2 with additional nitrogen; (4), as 3 with additional lime; and (5), a mixture composed on the basis of needle analysis, containing N, P, K and Cu. Three growing seasons after fertilization, four roots of eight trees in each treatment were inoculated with four different strains of H. annosum. Spread of the fungus from the inoculation point was determined after 12 months. Mean spread rates upwards in roots were 18.2, 25.6, 21.3, 26.0 and 29.8 cm/year in treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. These results suggest a tendency towards faster growth by H. annosum in fertilized trees. However, there was considerable variation in fungal growth at both the tree and root level and differences between treatments were not statistically significant.     

油茶细根时空分布动态对施钾水平的响应

目的 为了解不同施钾水平对油茶（Camellia oleifera Abel）细根时空分布动态的影响。 方法 采用微根管（minirhizotron）动态监测技术,以2011年种植的油茶林为试材,在等养分条件下,2015年设置不施钾K0（N92P48K0）、低钾K1（N92P48K135）、高钾K2（N92P48K270）3个处理,2016年6月起对林地0~40 cm土壤剖面的油茶细根的时空分布动态进行了观测。 结果 表明：K1、K2处理增大了油茶细根根尖数、平均直径、总根长以及总表面积,并且施钾有利于油茶根长密度及净生长速率的增大。不施钾处理（K0）下的油茶细根主要分布在20~40 cm土层,低钾（K1）处理极显著提高了0~20 cm土层细根的根尖数、根表面积及根长密度,而高钾（K2）处理对上层土的细根无显著促进作用。K0处理的总根长、总根尖数、总表面积以及根长密度在2016年秋季出现下降趋势,而K1、K2处理明显减缓了其秋季细根形态指标降低的趋势;油茶的平均直径在整个生育期内变化幅度较大,各处理都在2017年3月出现峰值,K0、K1、K2三个处理下的平均直径峰值分别为0.631、0.750、0.788 mm;总根长、总根尖数、总表面积以及根长密度都在2017年5月出现峰值;K1处理下的净生长速率在2017年3月-2017年5月达到峰值,并显著高于对照; 结论 油茶细根的季节生长节律为春季较高的单峰型,细根直径范围为0.5~0.8 mm;合理适量施钾肥有助于油茶根系的生长发育,提高根系活力,增大细根的吸收面积;施钾肥能够促进光合产物向根系分配,有助于实现养分的高效循环利用。     

Dry-matter partitioning in loblolly and slash pine: Effects of fertilization and irrigation

The effects of fertilization and irrigation, singly and in combination, on growth and dry-matter allocation in seedlings of Pinus taeda and P. elliottii were investigated under field conditions. Trickle irrigation was regulated to maintain soil water potential above −10 kPa and 111 g of fertilizer (N:P:K 10:10:10 plus micronutrients) were banded around each seedling on three occasions. Treatments were initiated at the beginning of the second growing-season in the field, the same year sampling was conducted. Sampling consisted of complete excavation of 15 seedlings per treatment per species beginning in early April and continued every 6 weeks through mid-November, 1986. Each seedling was measured for height, root-collar diameter, foliage, stem and root dry-matter, and total needle surface-area. Allometric growth-analysis was used to determine dry-matter partitioning among the various tree components.

The cultural treatments affected the two species differently. Loblolly pine responded to treatments by shifting dry-matter allocation from roots to shoots, with the greatest increase observed in the fertilization treatment. Slash pine showed a similar response to irrigation and to irrigation plus fertilization, but increased allocation to roots under the fertilization treatment. Allocation to stems was greater than to foliage in both species and treatments except the control loblolly pine.     

Organic fertilization leads to increased peach root production and lifespan

We evaluated the effects of mineral and organic fertilizers on peach root dynamics in the growing season from 2003 to 2006 in a nectarine (Prunus persica L.) orchard, planted in 2001 and located in the Po valley, northeastern Italy. Very few studies have conducted long-term investigations of root dynamics of fruit crops. Our main objective was to determine whether organic fertilizers affect root dynamics differently than mineral fertilizers. The experiment was a completely randomized block design with four replicates of three treatments: unfertilized, mineral fertilized and composted with municipal waste. Mineral fertilizers included P (100?kg?ha(-1)?year(-1)) and K (200?kg?ha(-1)?year(-1)) applied only at planting and N (70-130?kg?ha(-1)?year(-1)) split into two applications, one at 40 days after full bloom (60%) and the other in September (40%) each year. The compost fertilization represented a yearly rate of 10 metric tons (t) dry weight?ha(-1), which approximates (in kg?ha(-1)?year(-1)) 240 N, 100 P and 200 K, split similarly to that described for the mineral fertilization of N. Both root growth and survival were evaluated at 20-day intervals during the growing season by the minirhizotron technique. Compost increased the production of new roots compared with the other treatments (P?相似文献   

施P肥和外生菌根菌接种对蓝桉林产量和养分积累的影响

主要研究施P肥和接种外生菌根菌对蓝桉生长、生物量和养分积累的影响。在云南楚雄的试验表明：接种外生菌根菌只能在幼林期促进树木生长，3a后这种促进作用不显著。施P肥能在幼林期促进蓝桉树高和胸径的生长，但4．5a后这种促进作用也变得不显著。由于施P肥提高了蓝桉的保存率，所以也显著地提高了蓝桉林的生物量。低P处理时，树木保存率低，较大的生长空间促进了树木的后期生长，可能会导致施P肥对后期单株蓝桉树高和胸径生长作用不显著。施P肥还增加了树木N、P和K的养分积累量，提高了上述养分的利用效率。施P肥同时还明显增加了林下植被和林下凋落物P的积累量，但不能明显增加N和K的养分积累量。树木叶片和土壤分析结果进一步说明施P肥对蓝桉幼林作用明显。试验表现出接种外生菌根菌只能在低P情况下促进树木生长，不能在高P情况下促进树木生长的基本趋势。     

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer, root branch order and temperature on respiration and tissue N concentration of fine roots in Larix gmelinii and Fraxinus mandshurica

Root respiration is closely related to root morphology, yet it is unclear precisely how to distinguish respiration-related root physiological functions within the branching fine root system. Root respiration and tissue N concentration were examined for different N fertilization treatments, sampling dates, branch orders and temperatures of larch (Larix gmelinii L.) and ash (Fraxinus mandshurica L.) using the excised roots method. The results showed that N fertilization enhanced both root respiration and tissue N concentration for all five branch orders. The greatest increases in average root respiration for N fertilization treatment were 13.30% in larch and 18.25% in ash at 6°C. However, N fertilization did not change the seasonal dynamics of root respiration. Both root respiration and root tissue N concentration decreased with increase in root branch order. First-order (finest) roots exhibited the highest respiration rates and tissue N concentrations out of the five root branch orders examined. There was a highly significant linear relationship between fine root N concentration and root respiration rate. Root N concentration explained >60% of the variation in respiration rate at any given combination of root order and temperature. Root respiration showed a classical exponential relationship with temperature, with the Q(10) for root respiration in roots of different branching orders ranging from 1.62 to 2.20. The variation in root respiration by order illustrates that first-order roots are more metabolically active, suggesting that roots at different branch order positions have different physiological functions. The highly significant relationship between root respiration at different branch orders and root tissue N concentration suggests that root tissue N concentration may be used as a surrogate for root respiration, simplifying future research into the C dynamics of rooting systems.     

施肥对蓝桉幼林生长的影响

经５ａ研究结果表明,在省保山市石灰岩红壤区施肥能明显促进蓝桉幼林生长,肥效在１．５ａ时最大,９个施肥处理的树高、胸径平均增长３３．６９％、４８．３９％,造林后５ａ时,生长反应已经呈下降趋势,９个施肥处理的树高、胸径平均增长１６．４５％、１０．７１％。Ｐ 促进蓝桉增产的主要因素,每株施４３０ｇ钙镁磷肥的几个处理产好,Ｎ、Ｋ肥增产效果不明显,有机肥对蓝桉生长有促进作用。在９个施肥处理中,处理６（钙镁磷     

贝壳杉苗期施肥效应的研究

采用正交试验设计L9（3^4）,通过植物生长所需要的大量营养元素N、P、K三因素三水平及其不同配比的施肥试验,分析了各元素及其水平对贝壳杉苗高和地径生长的影响,确定了贝壳杉（Agathis dam-mara）苗期生长的最佳施肥方案。结果表明,施肥1～8个月不同处理间都呈极显著差异,低水平的营养元素对促进贝壳杉苗高和地径的生长好于高水平,以N1P1K1处理即每株施尿素2.2 g、钙镁磷肥16.6 g、氯化钾1.7 g效果最好,且与其它处理呈极显著差异。对贝壳杉苗高和地径生长的影响,都是N〉P〉K。