IBV感染雏鸡血清中SOD,GSH-Px活性与MDA含量的研究

将80只15日龄雏鸡随机分为对照组和试验组。试验组雏鸡用传染性支气管炎病毒尿囊液滴鼻染毒,攻毒后1,3,6,9,12d分别测定各组血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性与丙二醛(MDA)含量,研究血清中氧自由基在鸡传染性支气管炎发病过程中的动态变化。结果表明:试验组血清SOD,GSH-Px活性自攻毒后明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);MDA含量在攻毒后开始上升,且在感染后第6、第9天差异极显著(P<0.01)。提示氧化损伤可能参与调节了传染性支气管炎的发生发展过程。     

复方中药对热应激肉鸡血液自由基影响的研究

将14日龄肉鸡60羽随机均分为3组:常温对照组、热应激对照组和试验组,试验组与热应激对照组饲养条件相同,试验组饲料中添加1%复方中药。3个组肉鸡定期采血,测定血清GSH-Px、SOD的活性和MDA的含量。结果表明:与正常对照组相比,热应激对照组肉鸡血清GSH-Px、SOD活性下降,MDA含量则上升,其中血清GSH-Px活性显著降低,MDA的含量显著增加(P<0.05)。结果表明,复方中药能提高正常肉鸡血清GSH-Px、SOD活性,降低MDA的含量,对抗热应激所致的肉鸡血清GSH-Px、SOD活性下降和MDA含量升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。提示本复方中药具有较显著抗自由基损伤的作用,能有效地清除体内过多的自由基。     

肠炎沙门菌感染对鸡血清SOD、GSH-Px活性及MDA含量的影响

研究通过检测鸡感染肠炎沙门菌(SE)后血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化,探讨氧化损伤与SE感染的关系。将90只1日龄肠炎沙门菌阴性SPF鸡随机分为两组,对照组40只接种PBS,试验组50只接种肠炎沙门菌菌液。分别于接种后第1、3、7、14及21天进行屠宰,收集血清,检测血清中SOD、GSH-Px活性以及MDA含量的变化。结果显示:接种后第1、3、7及21天,试验组SOD及GSH-Px活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验组及对照组中MDA含量差异不显著;组内不同时间点间比较表明,SOD、GSH-Px活性及MDA含量均存在波动性。由结果可知,肠炎沙门菌感染后鸡血清SOD、GSH-Px活性增强,提高了机体抗氧化能力和清除过氧化物的能力,保护了细胞免受损伤。同时血清SOD、GSH-Px活性及MDA含量波动变化表明机体对SE感染的氧化损伤调控具有时效性。     

中草药添加剂对肉鸡抗氧化能力和红细胞免疫功能的影响

为了解中草药添加剂对肉鸡抗氧化和红细胞免疫功能的影响,选用80只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为对照组(C)和试验组(T),每组40只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加1%中草药添加剂,连续饲喂20d。在试验初(0d)和试验末(20d),分别测定血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、红细胞C3b受体花环率(E-C3bRR)和免疫复合物花环率(E-ICRR)。结果表明:0d时两组鸡抗氧化能力和红细胞免疫功能测定值差异不显著(P>0.05);20d时试验组与对照组比较,血清SOD、GSH-Px活性和E-C3bRR分别提高8.51%、7.49%和10.23%(P<0.05);血清MDA含量和E-ICRR分别下降5.85%和7.87%(P<0.05)。     

鸡传染性贫血免疫对肝微粒体抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的是观察鸡传染性贫血多次免疫对肝微粒体中抗氧化酶活性的影响.对20只SPF鸡随机分为2组,每组10只,免疫组鸡用鸡传染性贫血弱毒苗免疫4次,每次间隔2周,对照组鸡注射同剂量的生理盐水.最后一次免疫后10d取肝脏制备微粒体,利用测试盒测定肝微粒体中的GSH-Px活性、SOD活性、CAT活性和MDA含量.结果与对照组相比,免疫组肝微粒体中GSH Px活性、SOD活性和CAT活性都显著提高(P＜0.05),MDA含量显著减低(P＜0.05).结论为鸡传染性贫血多次免疫可提高鸡体抗氧化能力.     

有机硒和维生素E对寿隐杂交鸡抗热应激性能的影响

通过向日粮中添加不同水平有机硒(0,0.15mg/kg)和维生素E(10,30,100IU/kg),测定热应激不同阶段试验鸡肝脏、肾脏及血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果表明,日粮中添加有机硒和维生素E可明显降低肝脏、肾脏及血清中MDA的含量(P<0.05),提高GSH-Px活性,增强机体的抗氧化能力,提高试验鸡的抗热应激性能。     

酵母硒对蛋鸡血清酶活性及抗氧化能力的影响

为研究酵母硒对蛋鸡血清酶活性及抗氧化能力的影响,试验选用1 000只280日龄的海兰褐壳蛋鸡,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复40只,分别为基础饲粮组,以及0.1,0.2,0.3和0.4mg/kg酵母硒添加水平组,试验期40d。结果表明:与对照组相比,各试验组均可显著提高血清ALP和LDH活性(P<0.05),并显著降低CK活性(P<0.05);与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.2,0.4mg/kg酵母硒均可显著提高血清SOD活性(P<0.05),其他试验组SOD活性与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05);各试验组GSH-Px和T-AOC水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而血清MDA含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验结果提示,酵母硒可提高蛋鸡抗氧化能力,且以添加0.3,0.4mg/kg为宜。     

低温应激对小鼠不同组织脂质过氧化状态的影响

为了研究低温应激对小鼠不同组织脂质过氧化状态的影响,试验选择健康清洁级昆明白小鼠40只,随机分为对照组和应激组,每组20只。采集对照组和经过-20℃处理120 min的低温应激组组织样品,测定丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果表明:与对照组相比,应激组小鼠肝脏、肾脏MDA含量显著升高(P<0.05),心肌、肺脏MDA含量有上升的趋势(P>0.05),腿肌MDA含量无明显变化(P>0.05);应激组小鼠肝脏、肾脏和肺脏SOD活性显著降低(P<0.05),心肌SOD活性有下降的趋势(P>0.05),腿肌SOD活性无明显变化(P>0.05)。说明冷应激对小鼠组织脂质过氧化反应的影响具有组织差异性特点,即对肝脏和肾脏影响最大,肺脏次之,心肌和腿肌最小。     

GC02鸡球虫病疫苗免疫对雏鸡血清自由基代谢的影响

将100只雏鸡随机分为试验组和对照组(150只/组),试验组于7、14日龄时各免疫接种8 000个GC02鸡球虫病疫苗卵囊.第2次接种后7、14、21、28 d时.随机选取试验组和对照组鸡各10只,颈静脉采血分离血清,测定血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果显示:(1)试验组接种7、28 d时,血清SOD水平与对照组比较差异不显著(P>0.05);14 d时显著升高(P<0.05);21 d时极显著升高(P<0.01).(2)7、14、21、28 d时,试验组与对照组比较,血清CAT水平差异均不显著(P>0.05);(3)试验组与对照组比较,7 d和21 d时,血清GSH-Px水平差异不显著(P>0.05);14 d和28 d极显著升高(P<0.01);(4)7、14、21、28 d时,试验组与对照组比较,血清MDA含量差异均不显著(P>0.05).结果表明:接种GC02鸡球虫病疫苗能够提高鸡抗氧化功能.     

牦牛胎盘肽抗氧化作用的研究

为了探讨牦牛胎盘肽的抗氧化作用,试验将20只小鼠随机分为药物组和对照组,连续15 d分别注射牦牛胎盘肽和生理盐水,0.2 m L/d,然后处死小鼠,取其心肌、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏和肾脏,制成组织匀浆,测定各组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明:药物组心肌和肝脏SOD活性显著高于对照组(P0.05);药物组心肌、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏和肾脏GSH-Px活性显著高于对照组(P0.05);药物组心肌、肝脏和脾脏MDA含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。说明牦牛胎盘肽具有一定抗氧化能力。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -