马波沙星的致突变性和致畸性研究

选用Wistar大鼠和昆明系小鼠对马波沙星的遗传毒性进行研究。试验结果显示，马波沙星在抑菌剂量之下对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌不产生致突变作用；马波沙星不引起小鼠骨髓有微核多染红细胞率增加；马波沙星不引起雄性小鼠生殖细胞染色体畸变而造成的早期胚胎死亡；20mg／kg b．w．和100mg／kg b．w．剂量马波沙星对母鼠的生殖机能和胎鼠的生长发育无明显影响，对胎鼠不产生致畸作用，500mg／kg b．w．剂量马波沙星对胎鼠体长和骨骼发育有一定影响，但不存在剂量反应关系。上述结果表明，马波沙星无明显的致突变性和致畸性。     

禽型结核菌素生产用菌株的比较试验

对生产标准ＰＰＤ 用的３株禽分枝杆菌Ｃ６８２０１、Ｃ６８２０２和Ｃ６８２０３分别进行了鉴定,将每一株单独制成ＰＰＤ,测定其对人工感染禽结核的鸡引发局部反应的作用,结果显示每一株的ＰＰＤ都能引起与标准ＰＰＤ相同的反应,但ＰＰＤ的产量却不同,以Ｃ６８２０２最高。作者认为,可以使用Ｃ６８２０２ １株代替３株共用生产禽用ＰＰＤ     

Teratogenicity of drugs

Extract

The thalidomide disaster shook the pharmaceutical world. to its foundations. It clearly required that action be taken to prevent by all means possible a recurrence of any similar catastrophe. At the same time, attention was drawn to the occurrence of adverse reactions to drugs of other kinds which had already been the subject of restricted and somewhat sporadic scrutiny, particularly in the United States. There the haematologist, Maxwell Wintrope, had initiated a scheme for collecting reports of haematological reactions to drugs, the importance of which had been brought to the attention of the profession through the cases of aplastic anaemia resulting from the antibiotic chloramphenicol. In Britain, the Committee on Safety of Drugs was formed, of which Sir Derrick Dunlop was the first Chairman, and a subcommittee was set up to deal with the collection of adverse drug reactions. Committees were also set up in Canada, Australia, and a number of other countries including New Zealand, where the Committee is under the joint auspices of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians, the Royal College of General Practitioners, the Pharmacology Department of the University of Otago, and the Health Department. Because the National Poisons Information Centre appeared to offer an appropriate situation for administering such a scheme, I was asked to undertake the task of Medical Assessor and it is reallv in that capacity that I have prepared this paper, rather than as Director of the National Poisons Information Centre.     

Teratogenicity of zinc-metallibur

Suisynchron-Pr?mix, 5 g/100 mg active principle, was administered daily to pregnant brood sows over 20 days, beginning from the 15th, 25th, 35th, 45th, and 55th days of pregnancy. The effects of Suisynchron on pregnancy were assessed by slaughter results immediately after administration as well as by farrowing results and slaughter of the newborn piglets. Suisynchron administration between the 15th and 55th day of pregnancy killed the embryos, while teratogenic effects were primarily recorded from administration in more advanced phases, say, between the 45th and 75th days of pregnancy. Teratogenicity was attributable to damage to metabolism which, in turn, had been caused by deviations in the activity of endocrine glands.     

艾维茵肉鸡饲料配方对比试验

重庆梁平饲料科学研究所用 40 0羽艾维茵出壳鸡做饲养试验 ,将其新近研究生产的改进型饲料与其目前在市面上出售的两种饲料 (分别称配方甲和配方乙 ,作为对照 )及改进型饲料 3个处理间的前期料和中期料分别进行比较。结果表明 ,改进型饲料 3个处理共 6个重复中 ,有 3个重复增重速度比配方甲分别高出 5 .1%、5 .7%和 6.8% ,经统计分析差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其余 3个重复增重也超过配方甲。 6个重复中有 4个重复超过配方乙 ,但差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。在饲料转化率方面 ,前期料 ( 1～ 3周 )仅 2个重复高于配方甲 ,全部高于配方乙。中期料明显优于配方甲和配方乙。     

禽流感病毒夹心ELISA快速检测方法的研究

以禽流感病毒(AIV)湖北分离株(H9N2亚型)提纯物为免疫原，制备出鸡抗AIV和兔抗AIV抗体，经用琼脂扩散法测得效价分别为1:32和1:16。以纯化的鸡抗AIVIgG为包被抗体，兔抗AIVIgG为第二抗体，建立了检测AIV抗原的夹心ELISA法。结果表明，鸡抗AIVIgG的最佳包被浓度为1μg/mL，兔抗AIV IgG的最适工作浓度为5μg/mL；对已知的阳性样品，用夹心ELISA法测得的病毒滴度比血球凝集滴度高16倍以上，且能检出其它亚型的禽流感病毒；与新城疫病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、减蛋综合征病毒、传染性喉气管炎病毒、传染性法氏囊病病毒、鸡痘病毒、马立克氏病病毒等无交叉反应，说明本方法有很高的特异性及敏感性。对14个鸡场送检的、患有呼吸道疾病或有腹膜炎、眼炎、产蛋下降、怀疑为禽流感感染的病鸡进行了检测，结果有7个鸡场为阳性。本方法的建立为禽流感病鸡群的临床检验提供了一种方便、敏感、快速的检测方法。     

鸡骨质石化病(骨型白血病)的综合诊断研究

鸡骨质石化病（OP）尚缺乏有效可行的现场诊断方法，作者用放射学、免疫学、病理组织学、电镜观察和血清生化等方法，对497只鸡（其中生产场种鸡265只、人工诱发OP实验与对照鸡232只）进行诊断试验比较，结果用放射学检出OP阳性率为13．68％（68／497），可疑率为5．23％（26／497）。免疫学（羽髓琼扩）随机检查214例，检出阳性率仅为4．67％（10／214）。病理组织学抽样20例病骨检查（其中阴性2例、可疑6例、不同程度阳性12例）诊断结果均与放射学诊断结果一致，并证实可疑鸡已有轻度病理改变，应视为阳性。抽样5例（含1例阴性）病骨作电镜观察，4例阳性均可见病毒粒子。实验组与对照组102只鸡血清生化学检查：磷、碱性磷酸酶、球蛋白及总蛋白虽有统计学差异，但不足以作为诊断依据。综合各种诊断方法，认为放射学的检出率最高，具有在生产现场诊断OP的实际价值。     

禽大肠杆菌病4种弱毒菌苗免疫原性的研究

黄青云［１］等选取禽致病性大肠杆菌最主要的两个血清型Ｏ２和Ｏ７８,分别用氟哌酸（Ｎｏｒ）、氯霉素（Ｃｈ１）诱导成耐药标记弱毒菌株Ｏ２（ＮｏｒｒＣｈ１ｓ）、Ｏ７８（ＮｏｒｓＣｈ１ｒ）。并以它们作亲本,通过原生质体融合技术,培育成功具有双抗药性与双抗原性...     

禽呼肠孤病毒动物感染模型的建立简

The infection model of avian reovirus in chicken was established, which layed the ground for vaccine efficacy test.The 49-day-old chickens were inoculated with 10^2.0, 10^3.0, 10^3.5, 10^4.5and 10^5.5 ELD₅₀/0.2 mL of two strains of ARV, T98 and AV2311, respectively, in foot pad inoculation method. Clinical signs were observed ten days and recorded daily. 6 days after inoculation, serum samples were taken. 10 days after inoculation, chickens were sacrificed for necropsy. Serum antibody was detected by ELISA. The results indicated that the morbidity of 10^5.5and 10^4.5 ELD₅₀/0.2 mL were 100%, and the foot pads of chicken were swelled severely, which were dark red or purple. Symptoms of AV2311 set was a bit lighter than that of T98 strain. The morbidity of 10^3.5 ELD₅₀/0.2 mL was 90% and the morbidity of 10^3.0and 10^2.0 ELD₅₀/0.2 mL were 80%. The ELISA result indicated that only the serum efficacy of 10^4.5and 10^5.5 ELD₅₀/0.2 mL set of two strains of ARV were positive.The experiment proved that the virulence of ARV T98 strain was strong, and had good immunogenicity. The best inoculated dose of ARV T98 strain was 10^4.0 ELD₅₀/0.2 mL, which provided the important basis for researching the quality standard of chicken viral arthrilis vaccine.     

鸡骨型白血病疫情的放射学研究

报道了鸡骨型白血病在３个城市的１０几个大型鸡场中存在的重大疫情。应用放射学诊断技术，分２０批对３３２８只鸡胫骨组合Ｘ线片进行了观察。被检鸡包括蛋用种的柯比特、海兰和肉用种的ＡＡ、艾维因和ＡＳＡ等１０几个品种，检出该病发生率平均高达３８．２８％（１２７４／３３２８），蛋用鸡群最高者达４８．０２％（９７／２０２），肉用种最高者达７４．０１％（１３１／１７７）。揭示出该病存在的广泛性、高发性和亚临床性。放射学诊断技术可用于该病的检出，对该病检疫和净化可能有重要作用。     

禽脑脊髓炎病毒感染鸡胚的病理学研究

６日龄ＳＰＦ鸡胚经卵黄囊分别接种禽脑脊髓炎病毒ＶａｎＲｏｅｋｅｌ株、１１４３株和ＮＨ９３７株，１０日后剖杀。鸡胚主要病变：眼观活动减弱，发育不良，体重减轻，皮下和脑部出血，脑积水和萎缩，脑重量明显减轻；光镜下见中枢神经组织非化脓性脑脊髓炎，腺胃、十二指肠、肝、胰、肾淋巴细胞浸润，骨骼肌萎缩、肌间水肿，其中神经细胞中央染色质溶解具有证病意义；电镜下脑神经细胞胞核淡染，胞浆内近核处粗面内质网崩解，十二指肠上皮细胞、胰岛细胞胞浆内含有约２５～３０ｎｍ密集或散在的病毒颗粒。     

我国肉用型鸡群中J亚群白血病流行现状的调查

从90年代中期起，国内一些肉用型种鸡场就陆续发现，在开产前后不断有零星死亡发生，主要表现在肝、脾肿大。但直到1999年，我们才在国内首次分离到J亚群白血病病毒（ALV－J）。我们从市场上临床健康商品代肉鸡及兽医院门诊死亡肉用型种鸡的随机病料分离到2株ALV－J，还从8个呈现肝脾增生性肿大及骨膜增生性瘤的鸡群分离到8株ALV－J。上述毒株分别来自江苏、山东、河南和宁夏四省区的爱维因、AA和科宝品系的肉用型鸡。大多数发病鸡为开产的种母鸡或性成熟的种公鸡，但在商品代肉鸡中亦发现J－亚群白血病肿瘤，发病死亡率在5％－20％。显然，J亚群白血病在我国各不同品系肉用型鸡中均已有不同程度流行，病毒囊膜蛋白基因比较表明，中国流行毒株间在囊膜蛋白抗原性上已发生了很大的变异。     

氟甲喹对大鼠的致畸性试验

以５００,２５０及１２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重３个剂量氟甲喹分别对孕鼠灌胃给药,高剂量氟甲喹可显著影响胎鼠生长发育,致使胎鼠发生畸形。     

盐酸双氟沙星对大鼠致畸胎试验

本试验研究了盐酸双氟沙星对ＳＤ大鼠的致畸性。剂量分别为３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ,ｂ．ｗ．;１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ｂ．ｗ．和５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ ｂ．ｗ．,于大鼠受孕７至１５ｄ经口给药,３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ ｂ．ｗ．和１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ｂ．ｗ．剂量的盐酸双氟沙星显著影响胚胎的生长发育,引起胎鼠死亡和骨骼畸形,其严重程度具有剂量效应关系。     

H7N9亚型禽流感疫苗研究进展

自2013年以来,H7N9亚型流感对我国养禽业和人类公共卫生造成了极大影响。疫苗作为重要防疫工具,在H7N9亚型流感防控中起到了至关重要的作用。目前我国批准使用的H7N9禽流感全病毒灭活疫苗安全性高、免疫效果好,已在国内广泛应用。随着对H7N9亚型流感病毒研究的不断深入,研究人员对核酸疫苗、亚单位疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗及通用流感疫苗等新型疫苗进行了探索和尝试,并取得了一定的进展,为我国禽流感疫苗的开发与应用夯实了技术基础。本文对各类型H7N9亚型禽流感疫苗的研发情况以及优点和应用情况进行了综述,以期为更好地防控禽H7N9亚型流感提供帮助。