Visual fields of cats with cortical and tectal lesions

When cats were tested for visual field perimetry, the field of vision for each eye separately was from 45 degrees contralateral to 90 degrees ipsilateral. After either bilateral occipitotemporal lesions (with a split of the tectal commissure) or bilateral area 17, 18, and 19 lesions, the cats could see with each eye only from the midline to 90 degrees ipsilateral. A cat that became nearly totally blind as a result of bilateral occipitotemporal decortication had a subsequent tectal split which enabled it to see with each eye from the midline to 90 degrees ipsilateral.     

Strychnine- and pentylenetetrazol-induced changes of excitability in aplysia neurons

In Aplysia neurons isolated from their synaptic input strychnine induces doublet discharges associated in voltage clamp with a decrease in the threshold for the inward current and a reduction and delayed onset of the outward current. Pentylenetetrazol causes oscillations and bursting behavior in normally silent cells together with an increased inactivation of the delayed outward current and induced or enhanced anomalous rectification.     

A quasi-biennial oscillation signal in general circulation model simulations

The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is a free atmospheric mode that affects the equatorial lower stratosphere. With a quasi-regular frequency, the mean equatorial zonal wind alternates from easterly to westerly regimes. This oscillation is zonally symmetric about the equator, has its largest amplitude in the latitudinal band from 20 degrees S to 20 degrees N, and has a mean period of about 27 months. The QBO appears to originate in the momentum deposition produced by the damping in the stratosphere of equatorial waves excited by diabatic thermal processes in the troposphere. The results of three 10-year simulations obtained with three general circulation models are reported, all of which show the development in the stratosphere of a QBO signal with a period and a spatial propagating structure that are in good agreement with observations without any ad hoc parameterization of equatorial wave forcing. Although the amplitude of the oscillation in the simulations is still less than the observed value, the result is promising for the development of global climate models.     

基于谐波小波的径流序列变异检测

【目的】用谐波小波分析非一致性径流时间序列变异点的数量及变异发生的时间。【方法】针对径流变异点检测方法复杂、难于识别全部变异点等问题,引入一种新的时频分析技术,利用谐波小波分析进行径流时间序列的变异点诊断。【结果】对实测的渭河华县站1961-2004年的径流序列进行谐波小波分析,视频图中的网格图和等高线图显示,1972年、1982年和1994年是径流的变异年。【结论】相对于传统的突变检测方法,谐波小波分析方法在分析非线性时间序列时具有方法简便、可行、有效、分辨率高、对突变点敏感等特点,能够有效地诊断出高度复杂、非线性序列的变异点。     

How learning to read changes the cortical networks for vision and language

Does literacy improve brain function? Does it also entail losses? Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured brain responses to spoken and written language, visual faces, houses, tools, and checkers in adults of variable literacy (10 were illiterate, 22 became literate as adults, and 31 were literate in childhood). As literacy enhanced the left fusiform activation evoked by writing, it induced a small competition with faces at this location, but also broadly enhanced visual responses in fusiform and occipital cortex, extending to area V1. Literacy also enhanced phonological activation to speech in the planum temporale and afforded a top-down activation of orthography from spoken inputs. Most changes occurred even when literacy was acquired in adulthood, emphasizing that both childhood and adult education can profoundly refine cortical organization.     

"Hypersexuality" and behavioral changes in cats caused by administration of p-chlorophenylalanine

The behavior of 26 male cats was systematically observed before, during, and after daily administration of the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine. These observations established that "hypersexuality," increased aggression, and perceptual disorientation are sequelae of the chronic administration of the drug in cats.     

Early experience effects upon cortical dendrites: a proposed model for development

We studied the effects of environmental stimulation on the development of rat cortical pyramidal cell synaptic loci (dendritic spines) and the number of such cells staining by the rapid Golgi technique. Stimulation three to five times a day from the day of birth increased the number of spines per micrometer in 8-day-old animals and increased the number of neurons stanining at 8 to 16 days of age. This effect of afferent input upon development of the dendritic spine may represent the neuroanatomical basis for the influence of early experience on subsequent behavior. The number of neurons staining by the rapid Golgi technique appears to be related to those that are functionally involved at the time of tissue preparation.     

全脑缺血模型大鼠再灌后对皮层神经元L型Ca2+通道的动态观察

目的:对全脑缺血模型大鼠再灌后不同时间点L型C a2 通道的开放和关闭状态进行动态研究,以进一步揭示缺血性神经元损伤的机制。方法:参照改良的Pu lsinelli四血管闭塞法制备全脑缺血大鼠模型,缺血后的大鼠分别在再灌注2、12、24、48、72h后进行皮层神经细胞急性分离,单通道电流经EPC-9膜片钳放大器放大,用Pu lsefit Pu lse采集入计算机,用分析软件TAC进行测量。结果:再灌后2、12、24、48、72 h5个不同时间点,大鼠大脑皮层神经元L型C a2 通道平均开放时间出现两个高峰期,第1次出现在再灌2、12、24h,第2次出现在48、72 h,较第1次更高;大鼠大脑皮层神经元L型C a2 通道开放概率出现两个峰值:第1次出现在再灌后2 h(显著高于正常组),至12 h又回落至接近正常水平;第2次出现在再灌24 h。结论:在脑缺血再灌注的不同时点,缺血性损伤对L型C a2 通道的影响机制即可利用性和开放特性的影响不同。在缺血再灌后的2 h至72 h的各时段,缺血性损伤通过增加L型C a2 通道的可利用性引起神经元胞内C a2 超载;在再灌后期(48 h),缺血性损伤则通过增加L型C a2 通道的开放特性而引起神经元胞内C a2 超载。     

空间形式中具有调和黎曼曲率的超曲面的刚性

对具有调和Riemann曲率张量和常平均曲率的等距浸入x:Mn→Nn+1(c)的超曲面作了分类,在较弱的条件下得到了一个刚性定理.     

空间形式中具有调和黎曼曲率的超曲面的刚性

对具有调和Riemann曲率张量和常平均曲率的等距浸入x：Mn→Nn＋1（c）的超曲面作了分类,在较弱的条件下得到了一个刚性定理.     

醋酸铅对体外培养大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞形态的影响

为了观察醋酸铅对神经细胞的形态学影响,通过建立体外培养大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞模型,应用不同浓度醋酸铅(0,50,100,200,400μmol/L)与神经细胞分别培养3、6、12、24 h,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态变化.结果显示,醋酸铅与神经细胞共同培养12~24 h,细胞密度降低,胞体变小,突起缩短;随醋酸铅浓度递增,细胞形态较对照组差异愈加显著(P<0.05).表明染铅浓度与神经细胞形态变化存在剂量效应与时间效应关系.     

Lorentz空间型中具有调和曲率张量的类空超曲面

Mn为Lorentz空间型Nn+11(c)中具有调和黎曼曲率的紧致类空超曲面,且Mn的平均曲率为常数,给出了这类超曲面的分类,如果Mn是极大的,也给出了反de Sitter空间中这类超曲面的一个刚性定理.     

Neural pathways associated with hypothalamically elicited attach behavior in cats

Small electrolytic lesions were made in cats through electrodes, which, when stimulated, elicited either quiet biting attack or affective paw strike attack upon rats. The Nauta method for impregnating degenerating axoplasm was used to reveal that degeneration resulting from lesions at quiet attack sites followed largely along the course of the medial forebrain bundle, while the degeneration after lesions of affective attack sites was concentrated more heavily in the periventricular system.     

植物抗旱研究工作中的问题与方法初探*

干旱是最常见的环境胁迫之一。在中国,尤其是北方,干旱是农业生产最严重的限制因素。多年来抗旱机理的研究也研究的热点之一,各种抗旱的形态生理指标被提出来,但至今对植物抗旱机理的认识并不深入,提出的抗旱指标也在实际运用中效果并不理想。笔者对植物抗旱机理研究中的一些问题阐述了自己的观点。     

The chimpanzee as an animal model for investigating alcoholism

Young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) will accept ethanol in quantities sufficient to produce symptoms of withdrawal when ethanol is subsequently discontinued. Mild to severe symptoms of physical dependence, including grand mal seizures, are observed when ethanol is abruptly withdrawn after 6 to 10 weeks of chronic oral intake. In addition, the rate of disappearance of ethanol in blood increased during periods of chronic ingestion, an indication of developing metabolic tolerance. These results suggest that the young chimpanzee may be a suitable model for experimental studies of alcoholism.     

模式生物斑马鱼在衰老生物学中的研究初探

目的 对模式生物斑马鱼的衰老及相关表型进行初步研究.方法 运用SA-β-Gal染色、转基因荧光示踪和定量基因转录分析对衰老相关的细胞学现象和基因表达水平进行观测.结果 (1)下丘脑和心脏是年老斑马鱼体内出现衰老细胞较多的器官;(2)衰老相关的基因表达变化具有器官间和性别间的显著差别.结论 调控个体衰老的分子细胞运行机制在进化中具有一定的保守性,斑马鱼可作为研究脊椎动物衰老的新工具.     

基于色度学的密集烘烤过程中烟叶主要化学成分变化模型研究

【目的】建立烤烟烘烤过程中烟叶颜色参数与含水量和化学成分关系模型,以控制烟叶烘烤过程中的物质变化和水分散失,为优化密集烘烤工艺和提高烟叶质量特色提供参考。【方法】以烤烟NC89上部叶为试验材料,采用河南农业大学设计的电热式温湿度自控密集烤烟箱,按照烤烟"三段式烘烤工艺"进行烘烤,研究烘烤过程中烟叶亮度值(L)、红度值(a)、黄度值(b)、色相角(H°)、色泽比(H)、饱和度(C)和色差值(ΔE)的变化规律及其与烟叶主要化学成分和含水量的关系。【结果】烘烤过程中,烟叶正面与背面各颜色参数的变化规律基本一致,且各颜色参数均在开烤至42℃末时变化剧烈,42℃之后变化幅度减小。相关分析表明,烘烤过程中烟叶内的主要化学成分与各颜色参数之间具有良好的相关性,其中叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、淀粉和蛋白质含量与各颜色参数间相关性较好,且大部分呈显著或极显著相关,而类胡萝卜素/叶绿素、含水量与其相关性略差。烘烤过程中烟叶叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、淀粉和蛋白质含量预测的平均相对误差分别为8.67%,8.71%,8.27%和1.47%,各模型预测精度均较高,而类胡萝卜素/叶绿素和含水量模型预测精度略差。【结论】通过色差计量化分析密集烘烤过程中的烟叶颜色参数,可以快速、准确预测烟叶主要化学成分的变化,实现烟叶烘烤过程中化学成分的实时监测。