Axial Force Stiffness Interaction in Seismic Analysis of RC Double Column Bridges

Earthquake induced dynamic axial force in reinforced concrete (RC) bridge bent columns will not only change the yield strength of the columns but also change their stiffness, which is seldom considered by the common lumped plasticity line model. Based on the fiber element model results that taking into account the influence of dynamic axial force on strength and stiffness simultaneously, the axial force stiffness interaction effect on the seismic responses of RC double column bridges was analyzed. The results show that, axial force stiffness interaction has a large effect on the seismic responses of the double column bridge in the elastic range, and it does not alter the ultimate capacity of the columns. Since the stiffness of the columns under compression and tension dynamic axial forces offset each other, the global displacement of bridge bent with equal columns is relatively unaffected by the axial force stiffness interaction, however, the differences of the column member forces are manifest. For the short column controls the global stiffness, the axial force stiffness interaction has significant influences on both the global displacement and member force responses. The influences become larger as the irregularity of the bridge bent increases, so the interaction between axial force and member stiffness should be sufficiently considered in seismic analyses.     

Seismic Performance and Failure Process of Long-Span Bridge With High Piers

Based on OpenSEES platform, elastic-plastic structural model of long-span bridge with high piers is established. This paper utilizes time-history analysis method to analyze seismic responses of bridge under consistent or multi-support seismic excitation. Seismic performances and failure process for bridge with high piers are studied. Analysis results show that characteristics of seismic excitation and the way of excitation input have some effect on failure sequence and the occurrence or location of plastic hinge for bridge piers. The failure mode for high piers assumes bending failure, and the failure for top of pier is frequently prior to that of pier bottom, which should be paid enough attention.     

高烈度区斜拉桥横向约束方案优化分析

为了确定强震作用下斜拉桥合理的横向抗震约束体系,以可克达拉大桥为工程背景,采用非线性时程分析法,分析了4种横向约束体系即横向滑动体系、全限位体系、位移相关型减震体系和速度相关型减震体系对强震区大跨度桥梁地震响应的影响,重点对钢阻尼器的屈服荷载和黏滞阻尼器的位置及相关参数进行优化分析,并与其他体系的地震响应进行了对比。结果表明：在强震作用下,对于大跨度桥梁横向滑动体系和全限位体系均不是理想的抗震体系;而在墩梁、塔梁之间设置减隔震装置可以有效减少横桥向的墩梁、塔梁的相对位移及地震剪力和弯矩;然而,从桥梁正常使用的角度来看,塔梁之间布设横向钢阻尼器装置优于黏滞阻尼器装置。     

Effects of Response Spectra Dispersion of Earthquake Ground Motions on Probabilistic Seismic Demand Assessment of Bridge Structures

A three-span regular continuous RC girder highway bridge and two bins of real accelerograms were selected for incremental dynamic analysis to study the correlation of the dispersions of response spectra of earthquake ground motions and probabilistic seismic demand assessments of bridge structures. It is found that the dispersions of seismic demands are closely related to the dispersions of response spectra of selected ground motions. The rational selection of real earthquake ground motions to be rationally chosen for dynamic analysis can make the probability distribution of seismic demands in accordance with the real situation and improve the computational precision and efficiency of the probabilistic seismic demand assessment and fragility curve for performance-based earthquake engineering and seismic design of bridges based on probability theory.     

Nonlinear Seismic Response Analysis of Long- span CFST Arch Bridge

The non-linear seismic response behavior of concrete filled in steel tube(CFST) arch bridge subjected to synchronous seismic excition and multi-support seismic excitation is studied in this paper.The non-linear seismic response of CFST arch bridge is calculated by time-history analysis method,and the effect of geometric nonlinear to long-span CFST arch bridge is studied.The influence of internal-force and deformence under dead-load,multi-support seismic excitation,etc to nonlinear seismic response behavior of CFST arch bridge is analysed.The result show that the effect of geometric nonlinear to long-span CFST arch bridge is obvious.     

地震下高墩刚构桥桥台背土相互作用分析方法对比

针对重力式U型桥台背土相互作用,结合现行抗震规范,提出了4种分析模型及其力学本构关系和计算式。采用非线性时程法对比研究了某在建高墩双薄壁连续刚构桥的桥台背土相互作用效应。结果表明：只有弹簧模型可以求得与精细模型基本一致的高阶弹性模态;在纵桥向,滚轴模型和支座模型的结果都比精细模型小,弹簧模型相对精细模型的计算误差最小,关键内力误差不超过20%;在横桥向,支座模型的内力最接近精细模型,而弹簧模型和滚轴模型的结果都偏保守;桥台刚度对关键地震内力的影响幅度低于10%,而桥台有效参与质量的影响幅度也低于15%。综合考虑分析精度和计算成本,弹簧模型在抗震设计中更值得推荐。     

等截面钢管混凝土格构柱骨架曲线的统一算法

介绍了斜缀管式和平缀管式等截面钢管混凝土格构柱骨架曲线的计算方法并进行评价分析。研究表明,不同缀管布置形式的钢管混凝土格构柱,其抗震性能具有共性。借鉴钢管混凝土单肢柱的计算框架,开展等截面钢管混凝土格构柱骨架曲线的统一算法研究,对弹性刚度、水平峰值荷载、峰值荷载位移、下降段刚度等主要参数的计算方法进行了深入探讨和算例分析,并以干海子大桥格构柱墩为研究对象,采用OpenSEES有限元程序,对骨架曲线算法进行工程实例验证。研究结果表明,计算值与试验值及有限元计算结果均吻合良好。最后提出了适合工程应用的等截面钢管混凝土格构柱骨架曲线的统一简化算法,为钢管混凝土计算理论的进一步完善和规程编撰提供参考。     

Full Aero-elastic Bridge Model Design of Long Span Arch Bridge

Aero-elastic model design is the precondition of full bridge aero-elastic model tunnel tests. The full aero-elastic bridge model design of long span arch bridge is discussed. The effect on the model design of different transverse rod space and bend stiff is analyzed in detail. Different scheme need to be designed according to the transverse rod stiff. Considering the changing section dimensional arches, the method of projecting the spatial arches to the plane arches, then designing the plane arches, at last projecting the plane arches to the spatial arches is proposed at first. The results show that the method is effective.     

The Influence of Beam Column Stiffness Ratio of Mine Shaft Tower to Shear Lag Effect

Making use of large finite element analysis software ANSYS, combine with the mine shaft tower actual frame tube structure project to model analysis, by means of concrete performance of mine shaft tower under the effect of horizontal load, come to a conclusion that beam column stiffness ratio has a great influence on shear lag effect. Then analyse the phenomenon of beam column stiffness ratio to shear lag effect, make a comparison on calculated results and simulation analysis results, to move an improved method. It has a great guiding significance for the mine shaft tower structural design.     

Construction Technology for Bid Construction Part B of Yangtze River Bridge in Jiangyin City

In this paper, the advanced construction technology and site management applied in bid construction part B of Yangtze River bridge in Jiangyin was presented in detail. This bridge is the largest span bridge in China, where the advanced technology applied is: 3-d coordinate control surveying in bridge tower, small powder for artificial pile, over-form and climb form in construction of tower column, temperature control for casting mass concrete. It is of great value for reference to large bridge building.     

Nonlinear Analysis Method for Seismic Responses Considering Pounding between Girders of Curved Bridge with LRBs

A nonlinear constraint-surface impact element (CIE) was developed for simulating the pounding in axial direction between 3D shell-element-mesh bridge girders based on the engineering background of ChaoShan airport. Then, a method, different from the previous literatures, for calculating the stiffness of impact element was proposed based on the flexibility method. The methods proposed were adopted and used to analyze the elevated bridge of ChaoShan airport in GuangZhou for the purpose of investigating comprehensively the earthquake-resistance capability. The bridge girders were modeled by shell elements and CIEs were assigned to the positions of the corresponding expansion joints. Isolating elements were used to simulate LRBs, and typical bilinear LRB hysteresis stiffness model obtained from experiment were adopted to describe the dynamic hysteresis behavior. Pounding forces, dissipation capability of LRBs, lateral displacements of LRBs, pier base shear forces and moments as well as the pounding effect on these cases were investigated, respectively. The proposed methods and analysis results aim at improving the earthquake resistance of the elevated bridge, which provides reference for the similar project.     

the rationality of plane model simplifying three dimension frame in seismic response analysis

A finite element model based on the flexibility method and a fiber section model of nonlinear beam column elements was adopted within the OpenSees framework. A typical multistory reinforced concrete 3D frame designed in accordance with the Chinese building code and a representative plane frame parallel to the X axis were used as examples. The relationships of the responses obtained from the plane and 3D models were studied by comparing global and local seismic responses of the frame, and by taking the responses of the 3D model under unidirectional earthquake action as a medium for comparison. Because the results show the global responses of the plane model are similar to those of the 3D model, it is reasonable to replace the 3D model with the plane model when examining global seismic responses. The local responses are evidently different. For the plane model under unidirectional action, numerous plastic hinges develop at the beam ends. Many more plastic hinges at column ends exist than in beams for the 3D model under bi directional action. Column ductility demands obviously exceed those of beams. The frame tends to develop a column sway mechanism, implying that simplified plane analysis model significantly underestimates the seismic responses of the 3D frame column.     

Seismic Concept Analysis of High-rise Diagrid Tube Structures

In order to study the seismic concept of high-rise diagrid tube-core tube structures,CFST diagrid tube-concrete core tube structures were designed based on typical project.The elastic-plastic time history analysis method is adopted and the components yield order is summarized based on their plastic developing processes.The influences of wall thickness,inclined column cross section and coupling beam height on the components yield order are studied and the distribution of seismic fortification lines between tubes are presented.The main factors exerting influence on structure lateral stiffness are analyzed and the key components of structure lateral stiffness and plastic energy dissipation are achieved.The seismic concept of this structure is discussed considering the three level earthquake fortification criterion and components yield characteristics at last.     

Improved Modal Capacity Spectrum Method for Estimating Seismic Performance of Structures

Performance-based seismic design involves how to confirm inelastic displacement demand of structures under earthquake in concise and reasonable way. Two shortages need to improve in analyzing the elastic-plastic seismic responses of structures if the traditional capacity methods are employed. The shortages are the uncertainty of equivalent high damp of elastic-plastic structures and the limitation of the higher order vibration mode effect being not taken into account. To solve these problems, the authors propose the concept and analyzing process of improved capacity spectrum method based on modal pushover analysis and the elastic seismic responses spectrum modified by strength reduction coefficient and ductile coefficient. The example of analyzing the performance of frame structure is shown which may be a simple and effective method used in engineering. This method has application potential in Performance-based seismic design.     

刚性连体位置对非对称双塔连体结构动力可靠度的影响

考虑地震动的非平稳性,变化连体位置,对非对称双塔连体结构运用虚拟激励法进行非平稳随机激励下的动力可靠度研究。采用刚度退化的Bouc-Wen模型模拟塔楼各楼层的滞变特性,建立非线性化动力方程。运用混合精细积分法对每一时刻的响应进行求解,得到连体位置变化时非对称连体结构在非平稳随机激励下的时变方差。基于首次超越破坏准则与Markov假定,研究非平稳随机地震激励下连体结构的动力可靠度。运用上述理论,在8度罕遇地震作用下对某非对称双塔连体结构进行随机地震响应与动力可靠度分析。研究结果表明,地震作用下结构的层间位移响应呈现强烈的非平稳性,变化连体位置对连体结构的随机地震响应与动力可靠度将产生显著影响。     

Y形偏心支撑高强钢框架结构抗震性能

在Y形偏心支撑高强钢框架结构抗震性振动台试验的基础上,建立了试验试件的有限元模型,并验证了分析的正确性。设计了一个9层的Y形偏心支撑高强钢框架结构,以耗能梁段长度、耗能梁段腹板高厚比、高跨比为参数,对9层结构进行了非线性动力时程分析,研究了以上参数对结构抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明,改变耗能梁段长度、高跨比对结构层间侧移、耗能梁段性能、框架柱弯矩、耗能能力均有不同程度的影响,对框架柱轴力、基底剪力无显著影响;改变耗能梁段腹板高厚比对结构耗能能力有影响,对结构层间侧移、耗能梁段性能、框架柱受力、基底剪力无显著影响,并给出了相关设计建议。     

Seismic Effect Analysis of Cutting Blasting Digging in High Way

A seismic effect is main harm in engineering blasting. By analyzing Seismic velocity and frequency of the main control factors of them, according to the data measured on the spot, the relation formula among Seismic velocity and dynamite and the distance between blasting fountain are obtained. Effects on buildings produced by vibration frequency and differences between blasting earthquake and natively seismic are analyzed. The calculation of blasting safety distance and selecting standard of breakage judge are studied and validated. The results of experiment and research indicate that we should attach importance to blasting seismic rules and effects on different buildings in order that basting techniques bring much economy benefits and reduce harm of blasting vibration as possible as much.     

Analysis on the Force-Transferring Mechanism of the Earthquake-Resistant Reinforced Concrete Frame Joints

On the basis of a summary of achievements from a large quantity of experimental studies both at home and abroad, in combination with the authors'experience in the experimental works on the reinforced concrete frame joints, their force-transferring characteristics are fully studied. The important fact that there is also a confined mechanism besides the inclined compressive strut and the truss mechanisms,is clearly pointed out. The influences of the three mechanisms upon the mechanical behaviors of the joint core concrete, the transverse and the vertical reinforcements,as well as upon the failure characteristics of the joint are also explored. Mechanical behaviors of the inclined concrete compressive strut and the factors causing its failure are specially discussed. These analyses provide theoretical bases for establishing more rational earthquake-resistant design criterion for reinforced concrete frame joints.     

Probabilistic Seismic Damage Analysis of Inelastic Structural System

A novel numerical model for seismic damage analysis of inelastic two degree of freedom (2DOF) system under bi directional excitations was developed by taking the strength degradation, stiffness deterioration and pinching effect into account. The influences of bidirectional excitations, strength degradation, stiffness deterioration and pinching effect on statistical characteristics of seismic damage index of inelastic 2DOF system were investigated using 69 selected earthquake records. The results show that seismic damage index of inelastic 2DOF system can be described as either the Lognormal or the Frechet distribution variable; the seismic damage index of inelastic 2DOF system can be approximated by the square root of sum of square (SRSS) of seismic damage index of single degree of freedom (SDOF) system; an decrease in post yielding stiffness or consideration of strength degradation, stiffness deterioration and pinching effect may increase the seismic damage index remarkably.     

Analysis of Seismic Dynamic Responses of Tunnel throughFault Zone in High Earthquake Intensity Area

Based on dynamic time history analysis, dynamic response behavior of an un supported tunnel through fault zone which was simulated by interface and solid elements was studied under uniform input earthquake wave excitation. The analyses of response behaviors, including displacement difference, acceleration magnification, and plastic zones and so on, were carried out when earthquake wave excitation was input along transverse, longitudinal and vertical of tunnel respectively. The results show that simulation method for fault zone is effective; the earthquake causes obvious displacement difference at fault zone and surrounding rock contacting part. The maximal displacement difference reaches to 51.8mm under transverse uniform input earthquake wave excitation. And the displacement difference under vertical and longitudinal is only 44.3% and 23.1% of the transverse value, respectively; the acceleration magnification in fault zone is significantly greater than that in surrounding rock. Shear failure zone appears at the fault zone and surrounding rock contacting part, and it is especially prominent under input longitudinal earthquake wave excitation. It is proposed that fault zone has significantly influence on the dynamic performance of tunnel. The fault zone and the transitional zones are the control zones of seismic design when tunnel passes through fault zone, thus, the study on the anti seismic measures should be further strengthened.