The Effects of Mustard Protein Concentrate on Nutrient Digestibility and Performance of Broiler Chickens

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding mustard protein concentrate on nutrient digestibility and the performance of broiler chickens. A total of 180, day-old, male broiler chickens, weighing an average of 52.8 ± 0.6 g, were randomly assigned to one of six dietary treatments in a randomized block design.  The control diet was based on wheat and soybean meal and contained 15% canola meal.  The experimental diets contained 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% or 15% mustard protein concentrate added at the expense of canola meal. The digestibility of crude protein and energy declined linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing levels of mustard protein concentrate.  In addition, weight gain and feed intake were linearly (P < 0.01) reduced  as the level of mustard protein concentrate in the diet increased.  Feed conversion was also negatively affected (P < 0.01) by mustard protein concentrate while mortality did not differ among treatments.  The results of the present experiment provide a strong indication that there is a factor or factors present in mustard protein concentrate which negatively affects broiler performance. The process through which the protein in mustard seed is concentrated from mustard meal may concentrate some of the anti-nutritional factors found in mustard.  Previous research has reported an increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds in protein isolates from mustard and this may be the cause of the reduction in performance as the level of mustard protein concentrate in the diet increased.  Further research should be conducted to test this hypothesis.      

不同蛋白质水平高精料饲粮对荷斯坦奶公牛育肥性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同蛋白质水平高精料饲粮对荷斯坦奶公牛生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响。选取体重(197.07±11.11)kg和体况相近的荷斯坦奶公牛90头,随机分为3组,每组30头,各组间平均体重差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验分3个体重阶段(200~300 kg、300~400 kg、400~500 kg)进行。在每个体重阶段,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别饲喂低、中和高蛋白质水平饲粮。在同一体重阶段各组饲粮能量水平相同,精粗比均为90∶10。试验期193 d。结果显示:1)试验各组各体重阶段及全期平均日增重(ADG)、干物质采食量(DMI)、可消化干物质采食量(DDMI)、DDMI/ADG和DMI/ADG均差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)200~300 kg体重阶段,Ⅰ组中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的表观消化率显著高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05);300~400 kg体重阶段,Ⅲ组粗蛋白质(CP)的表观消化率比Ⅰ组提高了4.27%(P<0.05),Ⅰ组的NDF表观消化率比Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别提高了16.06%和10.42%(P<0.05)。3)200~300kg体重阶段,Ⅲ组CP消化量极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01);300~400kg体重阶段,各组间CP消化量差异极显著(P<0.01),Ⅰ组NDF消化量显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05);400~500kg体重阶段及全期,各组间CP消化量差异极显著(P<0.01)。4)各体重阶段,血清生长激素(GH)含量随饲粮蛋白质水平的升高有所增加,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);200~300 kg体重阶段,Ⅲ组血清甲状腺素(T4)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);300~400 kg体重阶段,Ⅲ组血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清谷草转氨酶(AST)活性比Ⅰ组分别提高了8.63%和10.98%(P<0.05)。综合分析各项指标得出,在本试验条件下,6~12月龄不同体重阶段奶公牛的饲粮蛋白质水平建议值(干物质基础)如下:200~300kg体重阶段,饲粮蛋白质水平为15.00%;300~400kg体重阶段,饲粮蛋白质水平为15.00%;400~500kg体重阶段,饲粮蛋白质水平为14.00%。     

Effects of A Multi-Enzyme Complex or Probiotic Supplementation on Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler Chicks

This experiment was conducted to determine whether the performance of broilers fed diets based on corn and soybean meal could be enhanced with enzymes or probiotics.A total of 120 male broilers,three days of age,were assigned to one of four treatments in a completely randomized design,and housed in groups of five with six cages per treatment.The control diet was based on corn and soybean meal while the three experimental diets consisted of the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% of enzyme I,enzyme II,or probiotic.Enzyme I provided α-galactosidase and β-mannanase,while enzyme II provided protease,amylase,α-galactosidase,xylanase,and cellulase.The probiotic was composed of Bacillus coagulance,Bacillus lichenformis,Bacillus subtilis,and Clostridium butyricum.Over the 28 day experiment,the weight gain of birds fed the probiotic treatment was superior(P=0.03)to the control,while gains for the enzyme treatments were intermediate to those of the control and probiotic.Feed intake and feed conversion did not differ among treatments(P0.05).Ammonia production was significantly(P0.01)higher in the control compared with either of the enzyme or probiotic treatments.Compared with the control,supplementation with enzyme II significantly reduced the digestibility of arginine,isoleucine,and lysine(P0.05).In contrast,the digestibility of energy was higher(P0.01)for birds supplemented with enzyme II than the control.Digestibility coefficients did not differ for any other parameter with the exception of energy which was significantly higher for birds fed the probiotic treatment than the control(P0.01).In summary,the performance of broilers was significantly enhanced by the addition of a probiotic to the diet.However,under the conditions of this experiment,supplementation with a multi-enzyme complex containing either α-galactosidase and β-mannanase or the combination of protease,amylase,galactosidase,xylanase,and cellulase failed to improve broiler performance.     

蛋白肽对生长猪生长性能、养分表观消化率的影响

试验旨在探讨日粮中添加不同体外胃蛋白酶消化率的蛋白肽（A80、A90）对生长猪生长性能及养分表观消化率的影响。采用单因子随机设计,试验1：选取300头杜洛克猪×长白猪×大白猪三元生长猪,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复15头。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ~Ⅴ组分别在基础日粮中添加1%、2%、3%、4% A80,试验期30 d。试验2：选取240头杜洛克猪×长白猪×大白猪三元生长猪,随机分为4组,每个组4个重复,每个重复15头。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ~Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加1%、2%、3% A90,试验期30 d。结果显示,试验1：各组间平均日增重、平均日采食量及料重比均无差异显著（P>0.05）,但随A80添加量的增加平均日增重有降低的趋势;Ⅱ组干物质、粗蛋白质表观消化率显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ组（P<0.05）,但与Ⅳ组差异不显著（P>0.05）,随着A80添加量的增多,钙、磷表观消化率有所提高,但没有规律性。试验2：随着日粮中A90添加量的增加,平均日增重先增加后降低。Ⅲ组平均日增重显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05）,与其他组间差异不显著（P>0.05）,Ⅲ组平均日采食量显著高于其他组（P<0.05）。干物质、粗蛋白质表观消化率随着A90添加量的增加有下降的趋势。综上所述,在生长猪日粮中添加A80蛋白肽对生长性能没有改善作用,营养物质消化率均先增高后降低;随着A90蛋白肽添加量的增多,生长猪的生长性能呈二次性提高,最适宜剂量为2%~3%。     

Effects of Adding Protein Peptide to Diets on Growth Performance and Nutrient Apparent Digestibility of Growing Pigs

The experiment was aimed to study the effects of protein peptide with different pepsin digestibility in vitro (A80,A90) on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility of growing pigs. Experiment 1:300 growing pigs of Duroc pig×Landrace pig×Yorkshire pig were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 repeats pre group and 15 pigs per repeat. The pig of group Ⅰ was fed with basal diet,that of groups Ⅱ to Ⅴ were fed with basal diet with 1%,2%,3%,4% A80 supplement,respectively. The experiment period lasted for 30 d. Experiment 2:240 growing pigs of Duroc pig×Landrace pig×Yorkshire pig were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 repeats pre group and 15 pigs per repeat. The pig of group Ⅰ was fed with basal diet,that of groups Ⅱ to Ⅳ were fed with basal diet with 1%,2%,3% A90 supplement,respectively. The experiment period lasted for 30 d. The results showed that the average daily gain (ADG),average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed/gain (F/G) had no significant difference among all groups (P>0.05) in experiment 1. But the ADG had a tendency to reduce with the increase of A80. The DM,CP apparent digestibility of group Ⅱ was significant higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ (P<0.05),and had no significant difference with group Ⅳ(P>0.05). Digestibility of Ca and P showed a tendency to improve with the increase of A80,but there was no regularity. Experiment 2:With the increase does of A90,ADG was increased firstly and then decreased. The ADG of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ(P<0.05),and had no significant difference with other groups (P>0.05).The ADFI of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05).DM and CP apparent digestibility showed a tendency to decline with the increase dose of A90.In conclusion,A80 had no significant improvement on growth performance and A90 showed a quadratic improvement to pig's growth performance and the best addition percentage of protein hydrolysate in diet was 2% to 3%.     

枯草芽胞杆菌B7对肉鸡生长性能和蛋白消化率的影响

为了探讨肉鸡日粮中添加枯草芽胞杆菌B7对其生长性能、饲料蛋白消化率的影响,选取7日龄健康肉鸡180只,随机分成3个处理组,每个组设4个重复,分别为对照组(CK组)、枯草芽胞杆菌1组(Y1组)和枯草芽胞杆菌2组(Y2组),试验期为42d。研究各试验组日耗料、日增重、料肉比、胃蛋白消化率、回肠蛋白消化率。结果表明,与CK组相比,Y2组肉鸡日耗料提高了5.81%,日增重提高了7.29%,料肉比降低了2.43%,且三者差异均显著(P<0.05);此外,在14日龄时,Y2组的饲料胃蛋白消化率和肠蛋白消化率分别提高了28.07%和21.29%,且两者差异显著(P<0.05)。肉鸡日粮中添加适量的枯草芽胞杆菌能显著提高其生长性能和饲料利用率。     

枯草芽胞杆菌B7对肉鸡生长性能和蛋白消化率的影响

为了探讨肉鸡日粮中添加枯草芽胞杆菌B7对其生长性能、饲料蛋白消化率的影响,选取7日龄健康肉鸡180只,随机分成3个处理组。每个组设4个重复,分别为对照组（CK组）、枯草芽胞杆菌1组（Y1组）和枯草芽胞杆菌2组（Y2组）,试验期为42d。研究各试验组日耗料、日增重、料肉比、胃蛋白消化率、回肠蛋白消化率。结果表明,与CK组相比,Y2组肉鸡日耗料提高了5．81％,日增重提高了7．29％,料肉比降低了2．43％,且三者差异均显著（P〈0．05）;此外,在14日龄时,Y2组的饲料胃蛋白消化率和肠蛋白消化率分别提高了28．07％和21．29％,且两者差异显著（P〈0．05）。肉鸡日粮中添加适量的枯草芽胞杆菌能显著提高其生长性能和饲料利用率。     

不同蛋白质补充料日粮对玉米芯粗料型日粮营养物质消化率的影响

试验选择8头肉用牛,设计2个不同蛋白质补充料来源精料的日粮,即以DDGS为主的试验组和以棉籽粕为主的对照组,粗饲料为玉米芯,采用全收粪的消化试验测定日粮营养物质表观消化率。结果表明,不同蛋白质来源的试验组和对照组日粮有机物、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率没有差异(P>0.05),肉牛日粮有机物、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率的变化范围分别为65%～71%、60%～70%、68%～70%和63%～65%。     

三丁酸甘油酯对断奶仔猪生长性能及养分消化率的影响

为研究三丁酸甘油酯对断奶仔猪生长性能及养分消化率的影响,选用96头健康、平均体重为（7.93±0.04） kg的长大二元杂种断奶仔猪随机分为2组,每组6栏,每栏8头,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,三丁酸甘油酯组饲喂基础饲粮＋0.20%三丁酸甘油酯。预试期3 d,正试期21 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,三丁酸甘油酯组仔猪日采食量提高7.02%（P〉0.05）,日增重提高11.79%（P〈0.05）,料重比降低4.14%（P〉0.05）,腹泻率和发病率分别降低66.67%（P〈0.01）和22.22%（P〈0.05）。饲粮粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和能量的表观消化率分别提高6.56%（P〈0.05）、12.38%（P〈0.05）和4.09%（P〈0.05）。说明饲粮中添加0.20%三丁酸甘油酯可提高断奶仔猪生长性能和饲粮养分消化率。     

不同代谢能和粗蛋白质水平对合浦鹅日粮养分消化率及生长性能的影响

本文旨在研究日粮不同代谢能和粗蛋白质水平对合浦鹅日粮干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、钙和磷等养分的消化率及生长性能的影响.将120只28日龄的合浦鹅随机分成6个组,进行2个饲养和消化试验:试验1组饲喂粗蛋白质水平为15.10%,代谢能水平分别为10.03、11.00和11.85 MJ/kg的3种日粮;试验2组饲喂代谢能水平为11.50 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质水平分别为12.50%、14.85%和17.83%的3种日粮.用4 mol/L HCI ALA方法测定日粮的养分消化率.结果表明:粗蛋白质水平为15.10%和代谢能水平为10.03 MJ/kg的日粮,具有较高的养分消化率,但不同代谢能水平对试鹅的生长性能影响差异不显著(P>0.05);代谢能水平为11.50 MJ/kg和粗蛋白质水平为12.50%的日粮也具有较高的养分消化率,但不同粗蛋白质水平对试鹅的生长性能影响差异也不显著(P>0.05).因此,28日龄以后的合浦鹅的日粮粗蛋白质和代谢能水平分别为15.10%和10.03 MJ/kg,或分别为12.50%和11.50 MJ/kg时,均具有较高的养分消化率,但对合浦鹅的生长性能无显著影响.     

葡萄糖酸对肉鸡生产性能及养分表观消化率的影响

选取1日龄罗斯308肉仔鸡540R,随机分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复15R.处理Ⅰ为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、ⅤV和Ⅵ在基础日粮中分别添加0.08%、0.15%、0.20%、0.30%和0.40%葡萄糖酸(GA).研究葡萄糖酸对肉鸡生产性能及营养物质表观消化率的影响,探讨葡萄糖酸在肉鸡日粮中应用的可行性.结果表明:①与对照组相比,0.15%和0.20%添加组显著提高0～21日龄、22～42日龄鸡的日增重(P<0.05);0.20%添加组降低0～21日龄料重比2.67%(P<0.05),0.15%添加组降低22～42日龄料重比1.72%(P<0.05),0.15%和0.20%添加组分别降低试验0～42日龄料重比1.89%和1.61%,达到显著水平(P<0.05);GA对肉鸡日采食量无显著影响(P>0.05).②21日龄时,0.15%～0.30%添加组显著提高粗蛋白和钙的表观消化率(P<0.05),0.15%和0.20%添加组显著提高磷的表观消化率(P<0.05);42日龄时,0.15%、0.20%和0.40%添加组均显著提高粗蛋白和磷的表观消化率(P<0.05),0.15%～0.30%添加组显著提高钙的表观消化率(P<0.05).     

Effect of Phytase Supplementation in Diets on Nutrient Digestibility and Performance in Broiler Chicks

A performance trial was conducted with broiler chicks to study the effect of phytase (PHY) supplementation in diets formulated with reduced AME, Ca, and P. The nutrient digestibility was determined during the 14- to 21-d and 28- to 35-d periods. The treatments consisted of 3 diets (NC1, NC2, NC3) differing in nutrient content and each diet with or without supplemental PHY (NC1, 0 or 500; NC2, 0 or 750; NC3, 0 or 1,000 U of PHY/kg feed) and 1 positive control diet (PC). Compared with the PC diet, negative control diets (NC) resulted in lower AME and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility for some amino acids. Phytase supplementation of the NC diets increased AME, apparent ileal amino acid digestibility, and apparent ileal crude protein digestibility. Phytase addition also increased mineral absorption in 21- and 35-d-old broilers fed NC diets. Reduced nutrient digestibility appears to be a factor in the weight gain and feed intake results. Reducing Ca and P content reduced feed intake in a stepwise fashion in the NC diets. Phytase increased feed intake and generally improved nutrient digestibility, which resulted in an increase in digestible nutrient intake. Averaged across NC diets, PHY improved body weight. Bone-breaking strength was the most consistent predictor of Ca and P reduction. All NC diets had significantly lower bone-breaking strength than the PC. Phytase supplementation of the NC diets gave bone-breaking strengths that were comparable to the PC. Diets with PHY had the highest bioeconomic index.     

Effect of Protein Hydrolysate on Growth Performance,Blood Biochemical Indexes and Nutrient Apparent Digestibility in Growing-finishing Pigs

This experiment was aimed to study the effects of protein hydrolysate on growth performance,blood biochemical indexes and nutrient apparent digestibility in growing-finishing pigs,and determine the optimum dosage of additions.300 Doroc pig×Landrace pig×Yorkshire pig crossbreeding commercial pigs were chosen and divided into five groups with four repeats per groups and 15 pigs per repeat.The pigs in group Ⅰ (control group) were fed with basal diet,others in groups Ⅱ to Ⅴ were fed basal diet with 1%,2%,3% and 4% T30 small peptide,respectively.The test lasted for 30 d. The results showed that:①The average daily gain (ADG) of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than groups Ⅰ and Ⅴ (P<0.05), the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than group Ⅱ, and had no significant difference with other groups (P>0.05). ②The total protein and globulin levels of group Ⅴ were the highest that significantly higher than group Ⅱ (P<0.05),and had no significant difference with other groups (P>0.05).The urea nitrogen of group Ⅱ was significantly lower than other groups (P<0.05).③The dry matter and crude protein apparent digestibility of group Ⅴ were the highest,and the Ca and P apparent digestibility were declined in T30 supplement groups. In conclusion,the optimum adding amount of protein hydrolysate of growing pig was 1.796%.It could improve the growth performance,decrease F/G,and increase the levels of total protein and globulin.     

酶解蛋白肽对生长育肥猪生长性能、血液生化指标及养分表观消化率的影响

本试验在生长育肥猪日粮中添加酶解蛋白肽T30,研究小肽对生长育肥猪的生长性能、血液生化指标及养分表观消化率的影响,并探讨其在生长育肥猪阶段的最适添加量。采用单因子随机试验设计。选取杜洛克猪×长白猪×大白猪三元商品猪300头,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复15头。Ⅰ组（对照组）饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ~Ⅴ组在基础日粮中分别添加1%、2%、3%、4% T30。试验期30 d。结果显示：①Ⅲ组的平均日增重显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅴ组（P<0.05）;Ⅲ组平均日采食量显著高于Ⅱ组（P<0.05）,与其他组间差异均不显著（P>0.05）。②Ⅴ组总蛋白、球蛋白水平最高,显著高于Ⅱ组（P<0.05）,但与其他各组间差异均不显著（P>0.05）;Ⅱ组尿素氮水平显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）。③Ⅴ组干物质、粗蛋白质表观消化率最高,T30添加组钙、磷表观消化率均出现不同程度的下降。综上所述,在生长育肥猪阶段酶解蛋白肽的最佳添加量为1.796%,添加酶解蛋白肽可提高生长性能、降低料重比,提高血液总蛋白水平、球蛋白水平。     

发酵蛋白饲料替代豆粕对肉仔鸡生长性能、养分消化率及肠道菌群的影响

本研究目的在于评价用发酵蛋白饲料替代豆粕对肉仔鸡生长性能、养分消化率及肠道菌群的影响.试验选用6周龄AA肉仔鸡200只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鸡.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组用发酵蛋白饲料分别替代基础日粮中90%、60%和30%的豆粕,试验期2周.结果表明:发酵蛋白饲料替代30%的豆粕未显著影响肉仔鸡的日增重和料重比(P>0.05),对其粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、钙和总磷的消化率及肠道内乳酸杆菌的数量的影响也均不显著(P>0.05).试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组肉仔鸡的直肠大肠杆菌数量和腹泻率显著降低(P<0.05).由此可知,用发酵蛋白饲料替代30 %豆粕在降低饲料生产成本的基础上并未影响肉仔鸡的生长和消化吸收,但显著降低了肉仔鸡直肠内大肠杆菌数量和腹泻率.     

铜对育成期乌苏里貉生长性能、营养物质消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加铜对育成期雄性乌苏里貉生长性能、营养物质消化率、氮、铜代谢及血清生化指标的影响。随机选取（60±5）日龄健康的雄性乌苏里貉105只,体重2.83 kg±0.37 kg,随机分为7组,每组15只貉,1只为1个重复。分别饲喂含蛋氨酸铜为0（对照组）、20（Ⅰ组）、30（Ⅱ组）、40（Ⅲ组）、50（Ⅳ组）、60（Ⅴ组）和200 mg/kg（Ⅵ组）的试验日粮,预试期7 d,正试期55 d。试验期间,每组随机选取8只乌苏里貉采用全收粪尿法进行消化代谢试验。结果表明：Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的末重显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,其余各组与对照组相比体重差异不显著。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组平均日增重（ADG）均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。Ⅴ组的脂肪消化率显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组（P<0.05）。对照组和Ⅵ组的铜消化率显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组（P<0.05）。Ⅳ组的氮沉积显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组（P<0.05）。各组间铜摄入量存在显著差异（P<0.05）,粪铜含量随着铜添加水平的升高而显著升高（P<0.05）。Ⅴ、Ⅵ组尿铜显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和对照组（P<0.05）。各铜添加组与对照组铜沉积差异显著（P<0.05）。Ⅵ组血清低密度脂蛋白（LDL）含量显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组（P<0.05）。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组血清白蛋白（ALB）含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。Ⅳ组血清尿素含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。在本试验中,育成期乌苏里貉日粮中铜添加量在30~50 mg/kg时可获得较好的生长性能。考虑到铜排放量、饲养成本、环境污染等因素,推荐育成期乌苏里貉铜添加量为30 mg/kg。     

日粮精饲料水平对梅花鹿幼鹿营养物质消化率和生产性能的影响

为了探讨不同日粮精饲料水平对梅花鹿幼鹿营养物质消化率和生产性能的影响,随机选择健康、年龄一致、体重相近的9头梅花鹿幼鹿,随机分成3组,每组3头。对照组精饲料饲喂量为906g,试验组精饲料饲喂量分别为996．6g和815．4g,粗饲料自由呆食。结果表明：在精饲料添加水平提高的情况下,梅花鹿幼鹿对干物质、有机物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪的采食量增加,差异显著（P〈0．05）,可消化干物质、有机物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪也相应提高,差异显著（P〈0．05）;在精饲料添加水平降低的情况下,梅花鹿幼鹿对粗饲料的采食量增加,差异显著（P〈0．05）;可消化粗纤维也相应增加,差异显著（P〈0．05）。在试验设计的范围内采食的总能和消化能各组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）,高精饲料组能量的消化率显著高于低精饲料组（P〈0．05）;高精饲料组与低精饲料组对梅花鹿幼鹿的体增重差异不显著（P〉0．05）。在降低精饲料10％的情况下,没有影响梅花鹿的生长性能,降低了生产成本。     

饮水温度对断奶仔猪生产性能和养分表观消化率的影响

为探讨饮水温度对断奶仔猪生产性能、养分表观消化率的影响,研究采用单因子水平随机试验设计,选用断奶日龄、体重相近、营养状况良好的、健康的杜长大三元杂交商品断奶仔猪45头,完全随机的分为对照组,即猪场常温饮水（11±1）℃、适温组饮水温度为（24±2）℃、近体温饮水组饮水温度为（39±2）℃三组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头猪,且公母比例为3∶2。结果显示：（1）近体温组猪只平均日采食量较适温组、对照组分别提高4.25%1、.47%（P〉0.05）,平均日增重分别提高6.46%、3.68%（P〉0.05）,料重比分别降低2.0%、2.3%（P〉0.05）。（2）与适温组、对照组相比,近体温组的腹泻率分别降低40.75%、54.02%（P〈0.01）。（3）随着试猪日龄的增加,消化试验期间,适温组的平均日采食量较近体温组、对照组分别提高22.5%、3.2%（P〉0.05）。适温组猪对粗纤维和能量的表观消化率均极显著高于近体温组（P〈0.01）,与对照组没有差异（P〉0.05）;适温组猪的粗蛋白、粗灰分、钙、磷的表观消化率较近体温组分别提高4.95%、9.1%、7.9%、5.0%（P〉0.05）,较对照组则分别提高2.7%、3.6%、4.5%、3.2%（P〉0.05）。适温组粗脂肪的表观消化率较近体温组、对照组分别提高9.1%、18.9%（P〉0.05）。由此得出,在仔猪刚断奶时饮用（39±2）℃温水可极显著降低腹泻率,提高其生产性能,且随着日龄及对环境温度的要求对饮水温度做适当的调整。