Potential Nitrate Leaching Under Common Landscaping Plants

Two Elsholtzia haichowensis S. populations, copper-tolerant (TLS) and non-tolerant (HA) ones were studied in hydroponic experiment for the nitrogen assimilation and plant growth under excess Cu conditions. The results demonstrated that there were surely the differences in nitrogen assimilation and plant growth between the two populations. Excess Cu caused evident decreases in the shoot and root biomass and root/shoot biomass ratio in HA population while no significant changes happened in TLS population. In addition, in HA population, excess Cu also induced apparent declines in activities of nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1) and glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) in the leaves and roots as well as the contents of nitrate, ammonium and amino acids in the roots. In TLS population, excess Cu did not significantly affect the NR activities in the leaves and roots and the nitrate content in the roots, and apparently elevated the root ammonium and amino acids contents, although it also clearly reduced the GS activities in the leaves and roots. Besides, with the addition of Cu in the culture solution, the Cu contents in the leaves and roots of the two populations markedly increased. But this increase was significantly lower in TLS population than that in HA population; the fact might be partly responsible for the relative stabilization of nitrogen assimilation in TLS population compared to that in HA population.     

Influence of plant growth regulators on some enzymes of nitrogen assimilation in mustard seedlings

Effect of plant growth regulators (PGR) viz. gibberellic acid (GA), kinetin (KN), and abscissic acid (ABA) were investigated on growth and activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) in mustard (Brassica juncea) seedlings. All the PGRs tested promoted in vivo NR activity in cotyledons, but the magnitude differed with different treatments. Cytosolic GS in root and hypocotyl was promoted by GA treatment and inhibited by ABA and KN treatments although the latter showed slight promotion initially in hypocotyl; the trend was not clear in cotyledons. Determination of K_m value of GS extracted from 96‐h‐old cotyledons recorded lower K_m value in GA treatment (2.5 mM), while it increased in ABA treatment (4.35 mM), There was little change in K_m value in KN (3.03 mM) treatment. The kinetics of GS enzyme in cotyledons of different treatments showed marked variation in V_max . Both GA and ABA treatments inhibited GS activity while no significant effect by KN treatment was observed. It is argued that GA treatment inhibits chloroplastic GS (an enzyme which has higher K_m value), while ABA‐induced inhibition may not be specific to cytosolic or chloroplastic isoforms. Kinetin treatment was ineffective in promoting or inhibiting GS activity in cotyledons. The above conclusion is further supported by chloroplastic pigment data where inhibition is recorded in all the PGRs tested.     

氮肥对水田与旱地烤烟烟叶氮浓度和相关酶活性的影响

试验采用裂区设计,以硝态氮和铵态氮两种氮素形态为主处理,5个供氮水平为副处理,在大田条件下研究了水田与旱地烤烟在团棵、旺长、脚叶采烤、腰叶采烤和顶叶采烤等5个生育期烟叶的总氮浓度、硝酸还原酶和谷酰胺合成酶活性的氮肥效应。结果表明,水田与旱地烤烟在各氮肥处理下团棵期烟叶的氮浓度最高,旺长期稍有下降,至脚叶采烤期则迅速降低;烟叶中的硝酸还原酶和谷酰胺合成酶活性从团棵到旺长期迅速升高,进入采烤后逐渐降低。水田烤烟烟叶总氮浓度和硝酸还原酶活性比旱地烤烟大,而谷酰胺合成酶则水田小于旱地,说明烤烟在水田状况下吸氮能力比旱地烤烟强;然而水田烤烟氮同化能力比旱地烤烟弱。试验结果还表明,水田与旱地烤烟烟叶的总氮浓度、硝酸还原酶和谷酰胺合成酶活性分别在09～0.kg/hm2和07～5.kg/hm2范围内随施氮量的增加而提高;由于土壤中铵态氮的转化与硝态氮淋溶损失,导致铵态氮的肥效优于硝态氮。     

氮硫互作提高大蒜氮、硫含量及其关键同化酶活性

【目的】 从生理学角度研究氮、硫两种营养元素配施对大蒜氮硫关键同化酶的影响,揭示氮硫关键同化酶与植株氮、硫同化能力的关系,以期为大蒜合理施肥与提质增效提供理论参考。 【方法】 采用蛭石–珍珠岩盆栽方式,研究了不同浓度氮 (5、10、20 mmol/L)、硫 (2、4、8 mmol/L) 配施条件下,大蒜在幼苗期、花茎伸长期、鳞茎膨大初期和中期大蒜植株氮、硫含量,以及氮、硫关键同化酶活性的动态变化。 【结果】 大蒜植株氮含量总体呈上升趋势,在鳞茎膨大期达到最高水平,而硝酸还原酶 (NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶 (GS) 活性变化呈先上升后下降趋势,在花茎伸长期至鳞茎膨大初期活性较高。硫含量总体呈先上升后平稳趋势,ATP-硫酸化酶 (ATPS) 活性在花茎伸长期达到最大值,而半胱氨酸合成酶 (OAS-TL) 活性则呈先下降后上升趋势,在花茎伸长期酶活性总体最低。鳞茎膨大期前,氮硫交互作用对氮、硫同化量有影响显著,而单因素影响不明显;鳞茎膨大期,单因素影响明显。硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性整体呈先升高后降低趋势。氮素对于 NR 活性影响显著,而对 GS 影响不显著;硫素仅在花茎伸长期和鳞茎膨大初期对NR活性有显著影响,而氮硫交互作用对 NR、GS 均有显著或极显著影响。氮素、硫素对 ATP-硫酸化酶、半胱氨酸合成酶活性无显著影响,而氮硫交互作用对其影响极显著。NR 活性在花茎伸长期、鳞茎膨大初期与植株氮呈显著正相关关系,ATPS 活性在花茎伸长期、鳞茎膨大初期与植株硫含量呈显著正相关关系,Pearson 系数分别为 0.690、0.847 和 0.662、0.816。鳞茎膨大初期和中期,GS 活性与氮含量呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为 –0.857、–0.693。OAS-TL 活性与硫含量整体呈负相关,而在鳞茎膨大初期为 0.646,呈显著正相关。 【结论】 大蒜生长过程中,氮、硫两元素间存在互作关系。NR、ATPS 等酶活性的提高增加了植株氮、硫同化能力,而 GS 则通过降低酶活性而促进氮的同化。在大蒜鳞茎膨大期前,氮、硫配施能够通过调控关键同化酶活性而影响氮、硫同化,进而影响植株生长;鳞茎膨大阶段,可以通过单一施肥达到调控大蒜植株氮或硫含量的目的。      

钙螯合剂对小麦幼苗氮代谢和干物重的影响

营养液中添加钙螯合剂EGTA[Glycol bis ( aminoethyl)etherN ,N ,N ,N tetraaceticacid ,乙二醇双 (-氨基乙基 )醚四乙酸 ]导致小麦幼苗干物质累积下降 ,降低地上部和地下部全钙含量 ,抑制小麦幼苗对外源硝态氮的吸收及其向地上部的运输 ,改变其在不同器官中的分配比例和影响其向氨基氮或可溶性蛋白质的转化。叶片和根中硝酸还原酶活性与相应器官中的NO3--N含量相关 ,叶片中谷氨酰胺合成酶 (GS)活性在EGTA处理后明显下降 ,根中GS活性变化不显著。     

供氮水平对雄性不育玉米物质生产和氮代谢的影响

在池栽条件下,比较了不同供氮水平下玉米细胞质雄性不育系（CMS）及其同型可育系碳氮代谢的差异。结果表明,两种供氮水平下,CMS玉米子粒产量和收获指数均高于其同型可育系（P0.05）,生物产量差异不显著（P0.05）,根量较多,根/冠比高于其可育系（P0.05）。CMS玉米保绿性好,净同化率高,果穗叶光合速率生育后期优势明显。果穗叶硝酸还原酶（NRase）、谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）和谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）活性均具有较高活性,两种供氮水平下都表现出相对优势;其叶片、茎秆和根中氮百分含量和氮积累量都表现出花后0—20 d较高,生育后期较低的特点。CMS玉米的氮素转运多,贡献率和氮利用效率高,且不施氮水平下优势更为明显。说明雄性不育植株光合碳生产和果穗叶氮代谢能力强,促进了植株对氮素的转运和利用,有利于子粒灌浆充实和产量提高。     

Changes in growth and nitrogen assimilation in barley seedlings under cadmium stress

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Martin) plants grown in solution culture, were exposed to increasing cadmium (Cd) concentration (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μM) for a duration of 12 days. The sequence of important biochemical steps of nitrate (NO₃) assimilation were studied in roots and shoots as a function of external Cd concentration. Cadmium uptake in roots and shoots increased gradually with Cd concentration in the medium. This Cd accumulation lowered substantially root and shoot biomass. The nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1) and nitrite reductase (NiR, EC 1.6.6.4) activities declined under Cd stress. Concurrently, tissue NO₃ contents and xylem sap NO₃ concentration were also decreased in Cd‐treated plants. These results suggest that Cd could exert an inhibitory effect on the assimilatory NO₃ reducing system (NR and NiR) through a restriction of NO₃ availability in the tissues. We therefore examined, in short‐term experiments (12 h), the impact of Cd on NO₃ uptake and the two reductases in nitrogen (N)‐starved plants that were pretreated or not with Cd. It was found that Cd induced inhibition of both NO₃ uptake and activities of NR and NiR, during NO₃ induction period. The possible mechanisms of Cd action on NO₃ uptake are proposed. Further, in Cd‐grown plants, the glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) showed a decreasing activity both in shoots and roots. However, increasing external Cd concentration resulted in a marked enhancement of glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH‐GDH, EC 1.4.1.2) activity, coupled with elevated levels of ammonium (NH₄ in tissues. On the other hand, the total protein content in Cd‐treated plants declined with a progressive and substantial increase of protease activity in the tissues. These findings indicate that under Cd stress the usual pathway of NH₄ assimilation (glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase) can switch to an alternative one (glutamate dehydrogenase). The changes in all parameters investigated were concentration‐dependent and more marked in roots than shoots. The regulation of N absorption and assimilation by Cd in relation to growth and adaptation to stress conditions are discussed.     

玉米硝酸盐累积及其在适应持续低氮胁迫中的作用

旱地作物吸收氮素的主要形态是硝酸盐,硝酸盐的积累与再利用对植物适应低氮土壤环境具有重要意义。本试验利用两个硝酸盐累积能力不同的玉米自交系478（硝酸盐积累低）和W312（硝酸盐积累高）为研究材料,研究玉米的硝酸盐累积及其在适应持续低氮胁迫中的作用。结果表明,W312的硝酸还原酶活性和NR基因的表达都弱于478,而体内氨基酸含量显著较低。对一个可能与液泡膜硝酸盐转运有关的氯离子通道蛋白基因（ZmCLC）的表达分析发现,478的ZmCLC表达显著强于W312。说明W312硝酸盐积累能力强主要是由于其较弱的氮同化能力,而不是硝酸盐向液泡的运输能力强。在砂培体系并持续缺氮条件下,W312叶绿素含量（SPAD值）显著高于478,表明植株体内较高硝酸盐累积有助于W312适应持续缺氮的土壤环境。     

施氮水平对强筋小麦氮素同化及籽粒蛋白质组分积累的影响

在高产条件下研究了施氮水平对强筋小麦济麦20氮素同化及籽粒蛋白质组分积累和品质的影响,结果表明,在0~195 kg/hm2施氮量范围内,增施氮肥显著提高旗叶硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性,提高各器官氮素含量和积累量,促进籽粒单体蛋白、可溶性和不溶性谷蛋白积累,提高籽粒蛋白质含量及可溶性和不溶性谷蛋白占总蛋白的比例,改善籽粒品质;285 kg/hm2施氮量处理与195 kg/hm2施氮量处理相比,旗叶硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性及籽粒蛋白质含量均无显著变化,但单体蛋白含量及占总蛋白质的比例升高,可溶性和不溶性谷蛋白含量及占总蛋白质的比例降低,籽粒品质下降,兼顾高产和优质的适宜施氮量为105~195 kg/hm2。     

ADAPTABILITY MECHANISM OF NITROGEN-EFFICIENT GERMPLASM OF NATURAL VARIATION TO LOW NITROGEN STRESS IN BRASSICA NAPUS

Previous studies showed that wide genotype differences in nitrogen (N) efficiency exists among cultivars of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), but the mechanisms behind those differences are still unknown. In the present study, our aim was to analyze the adaptability mechanism of N-efficient rapeseed to low-N stress by employing two genotypes of natural variation in N efficiency. Nitrogen-efficient genotype, ‘BG51’, and N-inefficient genotype, ‘BG88’, were grown in a solution culture experiment under conditions of high-N (6.0 mM N) and low-N (0.6 mM N) supply. After growing 30 d, roots and shoots were sampled for the analysis of dry weight, N concentration and accumulation, N use efficiency (NUE), N transport efficiency (NTE), root system vigor parameters, nitrate redutase (NR) activity, and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity. Nitrogen deficiency decreased shoot and root dry weight significantly, but ‘BG51’ exhibited a significantly lower decrease in shoot dry weight and had significantly higher biomass production than ‘BG88’. Under low N supply ‘BG51’ accumulated more N in shoot, root and whole plant than ‘BG88’, and presented higher NUE in both shoot and root. Low-N stress induced an increase in maximum root length by 28.3% for ‘BG88’ and 55.1% for ‘BG51’ compared with the high-N treatment. And ‘BG51’ presented larger root volume, higher root vigor, larger root total absorbing area and root active absorbing area than ‘BG88’ in low-N treatment. Furthermore, ‘BG51’ had significantly higher NR and GS activity in both leaf and root in low N treatment than ‘BG88’, while there was no evident difference between them in high N treatment. These results suggested that N-efficient rapeseed germplasm of natural variation involves an integrated adaptability mechanism responding to low-N stress. Namely, N-efficient genotype could form more developed root system to accumulate more N, and presented efficient N assimilation by higher NR activity and GS activity than N-inefficient genotype. These ultimately resulted in high tolerance of N-efficient genotype to low-N stress and high biomass production.     

Effects of supplemental nitrogen on nitrogen‐assimilation enzymes,free amino nitrogen,soluble sugars,and crude protein of rice

Abstract

An upland rice variety IAC‐47 was grown in a greenhouse to determine the effect of foliar nitrogen (N) supplementation during grain development on the activity of the N assimilation enzymes, nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS), on free amino‐N content and leaf soluble sugars, and on grain crude protein content. At 10 and 20 days after anthesis (DAA), the leaves were fertilized with a liquid fertilizer containing 32% N as 12.8% urea, 9.6% ammonium (NH₄), and 9.6% nitrate (NO₃) in increasing rates corresponding to 0,20+20, 40+40, and 60+60 kg N ha^‐1. Leaves were collected twice (at 12 DAA and 14 DAA for GS activity, sugar and amino‐N content, and at 11 and 13 DAA for NRA) after each application of leaf N. The late foliar application of N increased significantly grain crude protein without a corresponding decrease in grain weight. The NR activity (NRA) increased after the foliar application of N. In the flag leaf, 60+60 kg N ha^‐1 (21 DAA) resulted in higher NRA (20x over the control), while GS activity was smaller than the control. At 22 DAA there was an increase in GS activity in the flag leaf at 20+20 N level. However, the GS activity decreased as applied N levels increased. Also at the 20+20 level, there were increases in free amino‐N in the flag leaf and second leaf at the final harvest. Throughout the experiment, plants at the 60+60 N level had the lowest levels of soluble sugars. Increases in crude protein were highest at 40+40 N level (27.9%), followed by 60+60 (18.7%).     

施氮对夏玉米碳氮代谢及穗粒形成的影响

以夏玉米杂交种郑单958为材料,对不同施氮水平下玉米产量、产量构成、粒数形成关键期植株体的碳氮代谢及碳氮代谢的关键酶进行了研究。结果表明,氮肥对玉米产量的影响主要体现在对穗粒数、穗粒重的影响上。施氮量为180.kg/hm2时,显著促进玉米穗粒数、穗粒重的增加;施氮量增加至240.kg/hm2时,促进作用下降。施氮明显促进大喇叭口期至灌浆期植株体的碳氮代谢,使碳氮代谢的关键酶硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性提高,增强光合产物的积累和运输,从而满足生殖生长的需求,促进穗粒数的形成,提高产量。在抽丝前供氮充足的前提下,抽丝期施氮对增产意义不大。     

不同氮素形态比例条件下接种AMF对玉米氮同化关键酶的影响

以珍珠岩为基质,通过供应3种不同的NH4+∶NO3ˉ比例营养液,研究了接种丛枝菌根真菌对玉米氮同化关键酶活性的影响。结果看出,与不接种的玉米植株相比,接种Glomus intraradices和Glomus mosseae分别在NH4+∶NO3ˉ=3∶1和NH4+∶NO3ˉ=1∶3形态下提高了植物叶片的硝酸还原酶活性;接种AMF对叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶活性（GS）影响不大,但在NH4+∶NO3ˉ=3∶1形态下接种3种AMF处理均显著提高了根系GS活性,相对提高了铵态氮在地下部的同化比例。在铵态氮比例较高时,接种AMF的促生效应较好,且AMF提高根系GS活性作用较大。表明丛枝菌根真菌在促进宿主植物对铵态氮的利用作用较大。     

Differences in nitrogen‐assimilating enzyme activity in halophyte species are habitat‐related

The chemical form and content of available nitrogen (N) in salt marsh substrates varies considerably. On the western coast of Ireland, habitats designated as Ombrogenic Atlantic salt marshes were formed on ombrogenic peat substrate. The peat substrate in these systems has three times more ammonium than substrate from adjacent salt marsh habitats on sand and mud substrate. This study examined the extent to which the high concentration of ammonium in peat salt marsh substrate influences the N‐ assimilating enzyme activity of halophytes and the extent to which N metabolism differs between species. Specifically, this work investigated whether plants from peat salt marshes are more likely to assimilate ammonium than plants from non‐peat substrates. Four halophyte plant species—Armeria maritima, Aster tripolium, Plantago maritime, and Triglochin maritime—were sampled from various saltmarsh habitats including three sites on peat substrate and three on non‐peat substrate, comprising sand, mud and sand/mud. The activities of N‐metabolising enzymes—glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and nitrate reductase (NR)—were quantified in shoot and root parts. Root GS activity in Armeria maritima and shoot GS activity in Triglochin maritima were positively correlated with increasing soil ammonium levels. Root NR activity in Aster tripolium and shoot NR activity in Plantago maritima were significantly higher in plants grown on non‐peat substrates than peat substrates. The shoot : root GS activity ratio in Triglochin maritima on peat substrate was more than double the ratio on non‐peat substrates. It is concluded that all species tested displayed differences in N‐metabolising activities depending on the chemical form and/or concentration of N in the substrate, while three out of the four species were capable of taking advantage of the high levels of ammonium in peat substrates.     

氮肥缓解苗期干旱对小麦根系形态建成及生理特性的影响

为揭示氮肥缓解苗期干旱对小麦根系生长的影响,以高产高蛋白品种Spitfire(S)和抗旱品种Drysdale(D)为材料,采用沙培方式研究了不同氮素处理(180和22.5 kg·hm^-2)和水分处理(干旱和正常浇水)对苗期小麦根系形态建成和生理生长的影响。结果表明,苗期干旱下增施氮肥减小了2个品种小麦根系总根长、根系表面积、总根体积、根尖数和分枝数,显著增加了根系直径和根系活力,S品种根系干重减小7.0%,而D品种根系干重增加12.0%。施高氮还降低了干旱下2个品种小麦根系可溶性糖含量,并提高了游离氨基酸含量,且耐旱性品种D变化幅度较大,2个品种根系可溶性蛋白含量的变化均不明显。此外,增施氮肥能促进根系对氮素的吸收,提高根系硝酸还原酶(NR)活性和含氮量。综上,在苗期干旱下增施氮肥能够促进小麦根系生长,提高根系活力和NR活性,以增强根系对氮素的吸收同化能力,促进氮代谢水平,从而提高小麦的抗旱性,但不同耐旱品种对干旱下增施氮肥的响应程度存在差异。本研究结果为通过增施氮肥有效缓解干旱进而提高小麦产量提供了理论依据。     

干湿交替灌溉与氮肥形态耦合对水稻光合特性及氮素利用的影响

  【目的】  探讨干湿交替灌溉与氮肥形态对水稻光合特性及氮肥利用的影响。  【方法】  以徐稻3号为材料,在防雨棚内按处理数量构建9 m × 1.5 m × 0.4 m水泥池,用于2因素3水平完全区组试验。因素1为灌溉方式:浅水层灌溉 (0 kPa,CK)、轻度干湿交替灌溉 (?20 kPa)、重度干湿交替灌溉 (?40 kPa)。因素2为氮素形态:100%NH₄+-N (NH)、50%NH₄+-N+50%NO₃–-N (1/2NH+1/2NN)、100%NO₃–-N (NN)。在水稻分蘖盛期、幼穗分化始期、抽穗期和成熟期取植株样品,测定水稻根系氮代谢酶活性、叶片光合荧光特性及植株各部位氮素含量。  【结果】  在相同氮肥形态下,轻度干湿交替灌溉根系硝酸还原酶 (NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶 (GS)、谷氨酸合成酶 (GOGAT)、谷氨酸脱氢酶 (GDH) 活性与浅水对照相比分别增加6.4%～80.4%、8.1%～85.9%、5.1%～61.8%与13.4%～94.0%;叶片光合速率及最大光化学效率得到提升;水稻产量、光合氮素利用率及氮肥农学效率明显提高,重度干湿交替灌溉则抑制根系NR、GS、GOGAT及GDH活性,降低叶片光合速率及最大光化学效率,最终导致水稻产量、光合氮素利用率及氮肥农学效率显著降低 (P < 0.05)。在浅水对照下,NH处理可改善根系氮代谢酶活性,提高叶片光合速率及最大光化学效率,有利于水稻产量、光合氮素利用率及氮肥农学效率的提升。干湿交替灌溉下,铵硝混合处理提高了根系氮代谢酶活性,增加了叶片光合速率及最大光化学效率,提高了水稻产量、光合氮素利用率及氮肥农学效率。相关分析表明,根系GS、GOGAT及GDH活性及叶片光合速率、最大光化学效率与氮素农学效率呈显著 (P < 0.05) 或极显著 (P < 0.01) 的正相关关系,而非光化学猝灭系数则与氮肥吸收利用率呈显著的负相关关系 (P < 0.05)。  【结论】  水稻生长期一直保持浅水层时,供应100%铵态氮可以充分发挥水肥的耦合效应,促进根系氮代谢酶活性,提高叶片的光合速率及最大光化学效率,有利于水稻的高产及氮高效利用。轻度干湿交替灌溉则以施用50%铵态氮和50%硝态氮混合氮肥最佳。     

增铵营养对低温胁迫下棉花幼苗氮代谢的影响

【目的】探明增铵营养提高棉花幼苗抗低温胁迫能力的机制。【方法】以棉花新陆早13号为供试品种,在人工气候室内模拟不同温度处理（15℃和25℃）,研究了不同铵硝态氮配比（NH4+-N/NO3--N分别为0/100、25/75、50/50、75/25、100/0）对低温（15℃）胁迫下棉花苗期生长、氮素吸收量及氮代谢相关酶活性的影响。【结果】常温条件（25℃）下,较单一铵、硝营养,铵硝混合营养显著提高棉苗各器官的生物量,地上部和根系干物质量在NH4+-N/NO3--N比为50/50处理时最大,单一铵营养处理时最小;对棉苗生物量的影响效果表现出铵硝混合营养处理优于单一铵、硝营养处理。低温胁迫（15℃）后棉苗各器官生物量减小,且差异显著。常温和低温条件下,随着营养液中NH4+-N比例增加,棉苗全氮含量逐渐递增,氮素吸收量先升后降;棉苗根系、茎秆及叶柄内硝态氮含量呈明显降低趋势;棉花幼苗叶片NR活性明显减小,相反,GS和GOGAT活性则极显著提高。常温处理下棉苗各器官的氮素累积量显著高于低温胁迫处理,低温抑制了棉苗对硝态氮的吸收,降低NR、GS和GOGAT活性。【结论】低温胁迫下,增铵营养可显著提高氮素养分含量,促进棉苗生长,同时通过提高GS、GOGAT等氮代谢相关酶活性,维持氮代谢平衡,增强棉花幼苗对低温的抗性。     

NH4+-N部分代替NO3--N对番茄生育中后期氮代谢相关酶活性的影响

采用砂培实验研究NH4 -N部分代替NO3--N对番茄的影响,结果表明:与全硝处理(100%NO3-)相比较,增铵处理(NH4 ∶NO3-=25%∶75%)下番茄鲜果重显著提高;同时叶片内NO3--N含量随增铵而显著降低,叶片与果实内NH4 -N含量及果实的可溶性蛋白含量随增铵而升高;增铵条件抑制了叶片和果实的硝酸还原酶(NR)活性,提高了叶片和果实的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPcase)活性及叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性,但对果实的谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性影响不大。上述结果表明,NH4 -N部分代替NO3--N可增加番茄产量,提高集约化基地的生产量。     

不同产量水平下花生功能叶片氮素代谢特征的研究

大田栽培条件下, 研究了不同产量水平下花生功能叶片中氮代谢关键酶活性、可溶性蛋白质和游离氨基酸含量的变化, 重点阐述超高产水平下花生功能叶片氮素代谢变化规律。研究结果表明: 自花生初花期, 不同产量水平的功能叶片中, 硝酸还原酶(NR)活性均呈逐渐下降的变化趋势, 超高产与高产花生相比无明显差异, 但明显高于一般产量花生; 不同产量水平功能叶片中谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)的活性变化呈单峰曲线, 峰值出现在结荚期, 超高产花生功能叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶活性明显高于高产花生和一般产量花生, 而且在生育中后期活性下降速度慢; 功能叶片中谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性未表现出规律性变化, 但超高产花生明显高于高产和一般产量的花生; 超高产花生功能叶片中可溶性蛋白质及游离氨基酸含量均明显高于高产花生和一般产量花生。研究认为, 超高产花生叶片氨的同化能力、蛋白质和氨基酸的合成能力均明显高于高产花生和一般产量花生, 而且衰老缓慢, 功能期维持时间长。