葡萄试管苗热处理脱毒技术研究

为加快培育葡萄优良品种无病毒苗木,提高脱毒效率,开展了葡萄试管苗热处理脱毒技术研究。将携带葡萄扇叶病毒(GFLV)、葡萄斑点病毒(GFkV)、沙地葡萄茎痘相关病毒(GRSPaV)、葡萄卷叶相关病毒-1(GLRaV-1)和葡萄卷叶相关病毒-2(GLRaV-2)的8个葡萄品种试管苗进行恒温热处理,对分离成活的62个茎尖进行RT-PCR和ELISA检测。结果显示,62个茎尖中,29个茎尖脱除了上述5种病毒,葡萄卷叶相关病毒-1、葡萄斑点病毒、葡萄扇叶病毒、葡萄卷叶相关病毒-2和沙地葡萄茎痘病毒的脱毒率分别为81.8%、80.0%、78.1%、75.0%和61.5%。采用试管苗热处理结合茎尖培养方法可获得良好的脱毒效果,适用于葡萄无病毒原种母本树的培育。     

A蛋白酶联免疫吸附法检测葡萄卷叶病毒的研究用离体微嫁接法快速检测苹果潜隐病毒

研究了用A蛋白酶联免疫吸附检测法 (PAS -ELISA)检测葡萄卷叶病毒的程序 ,提出了A蛋白、酶标A蛋白、抗体的适宜工作浓度及样品粗提液稀释倍数。通过对感病植株的幼叶、幼茎、老叶、老茎的检测研究 ,规范了PAS -ELISA检测技术。应用该技术 ,对国家果树种质资源圃郑州葡萄圃的 39份种质及郑州地区栽培的品种进行了检测 ,保存品种的带毒率 76 .9% ,抗逆性较强的东亚种群带毒率 55.6 % ,郑州地区栽培品种葡萄带毒率为 4 5.0 %。     

胶东半岛地区葡萄病毒病田间调查和血清检测

2008年8—9月对胶东半岛葡萄主产区15个葡萄园的病毒病发生及危害情况进行了田间调查,采集了4个酿酒葡萄品种共计44份葡萄样品,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法进行病毒血清学检测。从样品中分别检出葡萄斑点病毒(GFKV)、葡萄卷叶病毒1(GLRaV-1)和葡萄卷叶病毒3(GLRaV-3),检出率分别为6.82%、2.27%和40.91%。蛇龙珠样品中3种病毒均被检出,总检出率达60.71%;赤霞珠样品中检出了葡萄卷叶病毒3和葡萄斑点病毒,总检出率为36.46%。蓬莱地区葡萄样品中3种病毒均被检出,检出率达55.56%,龙口地区病毒检出率也达到了52.17%。     

A蛋白酶联免疫吸附法检测葡萄卷叶病毒的研究

研究了用A蛋白酶联免疫吸附检测法（PAS-ELISA）检测葡萄卷叶病毒的程序，提出了A蛋白、酶标A蛋白、抗体的适宜工作浓度及样品粗提液衡释倍数。通过对感病植株的幼叶、幼茎、老叶、老茎的检测研究，规范了PAS-ELISA检测技术。应用该技术，对国家果树种质资源圃郑州葡萄圃的39份种质及郑州地区栽培的品种进行了检测，保存品种的带毒率76.9%，抗逆性较强的东亚种群带毒率55.6%，郑州地区栽培品种葡萄带毒率为45.0%。     

贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄病毒病田间发生状况调查

2007—2009年对宁夏贺兰山东麓主要酿酒葡萄产区病毒病的田间发生状况进行了调查。明确了葡萄扇叶病(GFLV)和葡萄卷叶病(GLRaV)是该地区主要病毒类型,疑似病毒类型是葡萄茎痘病和葡萄栓皮病;葡萄卷叶病毒感染的主要品种是蛇龙珠,主要发病区域是广夏二基地;葡萄扇叶病毒感染的主要品种是西拉,主要发病区域是玉泉营地区。     

用离体微嫁接法快速检测苹果潜隐病毒

用离体微嫁接法同时检测了苹果褪绿叶斑病毒、苹果茎沟病毒和苹果茎痘病毒。由于苹果褪绿叶斑病毒和苹果茎沟病毒，症状是在叶部表现黄斑，试管内不易观察，病毒检出率较低，检测带毒率分别为37.5%和61.1%，在检测苹果茎痘病毒上取得成功，检出率达81.3%以上。用木本指示植物跟踪检测了带毒品种，试验证明采用离体微嫁接法检测果树病毒比用木本指示植物检测所需时间短，病毒检出率基本一致。     

葡萄扇叶病毒病试管内微嫁接快速检测研究

以试管内微嫁接快速检测的方法,对已知带葡萄扇叶病毒的标准毒株进行了微嫁接快速检测。在培养室条件下,微嫁接株经过２～３月的培养,８０％以上的微嫁接株有典型的扇叶症状表现。与传统的田间指示植物检测相比,大大缩短了检测所需的时间。     

宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄病毒病田间自然发病率调查及检测

对宁夏贺兰山东麓8个酿酒葡萄种植地区8个葡萄品种的病毒病田间自然发病情况进行调查,采用RT-PCR方法,检测了40份样品中GLRaV-1~5这5种葡萄卷叶伴随病毒的感染率。结果表明:宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄主要病毒病有葡萄卷叶病、扇叶病和栓皮病,其中葡萄卷叶病尤为严重;不同酿酒葡萄种植区和品种间葡萄卷叶病的感染存在着差异,老葡萄种植区中品种间葡萄卷叶病发病率明显高于新葡萄种植区的品种;"蛇龙珠"和"黑比诺"是感染葡萄卷叶病毒的主要品种,发病率高达85.1%和52.7%;利用5种葡萄卷叶伴随病毒引物进行RT-PCR检测,检出3种病毒类型,且GLRaV-3的检出率最高,为87.5%。     

石河子地区加工番茄坏死条斑病毒原的ELISA检测及品种抗病性鉴定

用番茄花叶病毒、蚕豆萎蔫病毒和黄瓜花叶病毒的单克隆抗体对田间表现坏死条斑症状的315个加工番茄自然病株进行了ELISA检测。结果表明,这3种病毒的检测侵染率很高,分别为69.3 %、66.7 %和75.1 %,但其单一病毒的侵染率却很低,仅分别为1.5 %、2.4 %和8.5 %。表明这3种病毒是石河子地区加工番茄上的主要病毒种类,其复合侵染极可能是造成田间大量病株呈现严重坏死条斑症状的主要因素。并且对田间自然发病的21个加工番茄品种的上述3种病毒带毒情况进行了ELISA检测,虽然供试品种体内带毒量都较高,但品种之间却表现出一定的抗病性差异。     

山东省沙地葡萄茎痘相关病毒的检测

为明确沙地葡萄茎痘相关病毒(GRSPaV)在山东省发生的情况,2006-2007年在葡萄主栽区和葡萄品种资源圃进行了田间调查、样品采集和病原检测。应用GRSPaV外壳蛋白基因表达获得的多克隆抗体,经间接酶联免疫吸附试验(PTA-ELISA)和斑点酶联免疫吸附试验(Dot-ELISA)检测,在2a采集的298个样品中,125个样品为阳性反应,阳性率41.95%。125个阳性样品涉及43个品种,品种被侵染率74.14%。研究对检测的样品用RT-PCR法验证,有3对引物均扩增出了预期片段,分别为解旋酶基因340bp片段、外壳蛋白(CP)基因842bp片段和RNA聚合酶(RdRp)基因499bp片段。     

Relations Between Growth of Leaves,Fruit and Shoot of Glasshouse Tomato Plants

The weekly rates of shoot extension and total growth in leaf length of the glasshouse tomato variety Potentate increased from germination until soon after the start of ovary swelling. It is postulated that when, or soon after, the first flower primordia were initiated, an internal reaction was stimulated that eventually resulted in the cessation of the progressive increase in the rates of shoot extension and growth in leaf length. Increase in the rate of vegetative growth ceased soon after the start of ovary swelling, but this occurred even when no ovaries were allowed to swell.

The diameter of the shoot was unaffected by removal of leaves but increased when no fruits were allowed to develop. Conversely, shoot extension growth was unaffected by removal of fruit but decreased when alternate immature leaves were removed, although the removal of mature leaves had no effect on shoot extension growth.

Removal of leaves was associated with a reduction in total fruit volume and an increase in total leaf length.

Removal of immature fruit was associated with an increase in total leaf length. Removal of alternate immature fruits had little effect on total fruit . volume ; the difference between normally fruiting plants and plants from which alternate fruits had been removed was less than 0?5%.     

红龙草叶片的组织培养及其植株再生

 建立了红龙草叶片再生体系。叶片外植体在培养基MS + 6-BA 1.0 mg/L + 4-PU 1.0 mg/L +NAA 0.1 mg/L上形成浅绿色愈伤组织, 20 d后愈伤组织诱导率达100%。约45.31%的愈伤组织在添加6-BA 1.0 mg/L和NAA 0.4 mg/L的MS培养基上分化出紫红色的不定芽, 约6%的愈伤组织在该培养基上产生出细小叶片和绿色变异幼芽。所产生的紫红色不定芽在1/2MS +NAA 0.4 mg/L的培养基上可全部生根,长成完整植株。再生植株的移栽成活率达85%以上。     

PP_(333)、B_9、CCC对盆栽一串红矮化效应研究

高质量的盆花要求株型矮小、紧凑,茎杆粗壮,花繁叶茂。一串红(Salvia splen-dens Ker.-Gawl.)是各地广泛栽培,尤其是国庆节期间布置花坛美化环境的重要盆栽花卉。但在普通栽培条件下,大多株高茎瘦,花叶稀疏,脱脚现象严重,容易倒伏,影响观赏价值。目前生产上多采用反复摘心来促使分枝,控制株高,但费工费时,经济效益差。应用植物生长阻滞剂控制盆栽植物的株高是一项重要现代农业技术措施。多效唑(PP_(333))、比久(B_9)、矮壮素(CCC)为几种常用的植物生长阻滞剂,国外在金鱼草、百合和一品红等多种观赏植物上已有研究,我国也有用PP_(333)和B_9处理培养案头菊的实例。但在一串红上应用的报道甚少。为此,我们进行了用叶面喷布PP_(333)、B_9和CCC的方法促使盆栽一串红矮化的试验。 材料与方法 本试验于1989年在南京玄武湖公园进行。     

苹果短枝型品种光合特性研究

试验测试了短枝型苹果叶片光合作用强度的变化动态及其在不同品种、不同枝类、不同叶位叶片上的差异,分析了“库”、“源”关系。各品种叶片光合强度的变化趋势一致,但是短枝型品种同化产物显著多于普通型(新红星、金矮生比红星高35.32%、35.22%)。新红星新梢自上而下第五片叶净同化率达最大值(Pn=15.39mgCO_2·dm~(-2)·h~(-1)),其短枝叶片也有较高的同化效能,这是短枝型苹果早果、丰产的生理基础之一。     

The Use of Thermotherapy and in vitro Meristem Culture to Produce Virus-Free ‘Chancellor’ Grapevines

ABSTRACT

Grapevines (Vitisspp.) are very susceptible to virus diseases. Virus infection reduces fruit yield and quality. The objective of this work was to determine the usefulness of thermotherapy (37.2°C) and in vitromeristem culture to obtain virus-free grapevine plants cv. ‘Chancellor’. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1,3(GLRaV-1, 3) infected grapevines were multiplied in vitrofrom two infected mother-plants in half strength Murashige and Skoog medium (1/2MS) supplemented with 0.5 mg/L of BA and the in vitroplants were initially tested by ELISA to confirm their virus status; subsequently, 96 infected in vitroplants were propagated on 1/2MS medium with BA and subjected to 0, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 or 22 days of exposure at 37.2°C. Afterward, the apical meristems from the plants surviving the thermotherapy treatment were excised and transferred to fresh 1/2MS medium with 0.5 mg/L of BA and grown in a culture room until they developed into entire plants. Control plants and all the plants that survived thermotherapy were assessed for their virus status using both ELISA and RT-PCR. After 20 days of exposure at 37.2°C, 100% of the plants submitted to thermotherapy were found to be virus-free by RT-PCR and ELISA tests. Plants derived from meristems with two or three primordial leaves remained virus infected. However, when meristem culture was combined with thermotherapy (12 or more days of heat treatment), all the meristem-derived plants were virus-free.     

秋福红树莓叶片离体再生植株研究

以红树莓品种秋福(Rubus L.cv.Autumn Bliss)离体叶片为外植体,研究适合其再生植株的叶片部位、放置方式、植物生长调节剂以及暗培养时间等条件。结果表明,叶片外植体接种于MS+TDZ2.00mg/L+IAA0.10mg/L的培养基,暗培养2～3周转移至正常光照下培养效果最好,愈伤组织形成率、不定芽再生率和外植体不定芽数分别为100.00%、95.83%和(5.57±0.27)个。将再生芽接种于1/2MS+IBA0.10mg/L的培养基中,35d后生根率达100.00%。再生植株炼苗后移栽,30d时成活率达97.30%,成功地建立了红树莓叶片的离体再生体系。     

寒富苹果叶片离体再生及四倍体诱导

为建立寒富苹果高效的离体再生体系和多倍体诱导体系,以试管苗叶片为外植体,研究了培养基中激素对寒富叶片再生芽的影响及适宜的四倍体诱导方法。结果表明,当培养基中BA质量浓度为0.5mg/L时,再生频率最高达35.7%;当培养基中BA质量浓度为2.5mg/L时,再生频率超过90%,平均再生芽数在4以上。在培养基中附加1.0mg/LTDZ,再生频率达100%,平均再生芽数达19.47。以附加15、30、60、120mg/L秋水仙素的液体再生培养基处理叶片5d,各个质量浓度处理均诱导出四倍体植株,诱变率在5.3%～22.2%之间;寒富苹果叶片在附加50mg/L秋水仙素固体再生培养基上处理5d亦获得了四倍体植株。研究结果表明寒富苹果叶片具有极强的不定芽再生能力,叶片再生过程中进行秋水仙素处理是获得其四倍体的一个有效途径。     

UV-B radiation and photosynthetic irradiance acclimate eggplant for outdoor exposure

Treatment of greenhouse-grown eggplant (Solanum melongena L. var. esculentum Nees. 'Burpee's Black Beauty') seedlings with supplemental photosynthetically active radiation from cool-white fluorescent lamps increased growth of plants subsequently transferred outdoors relative to growth of plants that received no supplemental radiation or were shaded to 45% of solar irradiation in the greenhouse before transfer outdoors. Eggplant seedlings transferred outdoors were placed under plastic tarps either to provide relative protection from solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (280-315 nm) using Mylar film or to allow exposure to UV-B using cellulose acetate. Protection of seedlings from UV-B radiation resulted in greater leaf expansion than for UV-B-exposed seedlings, but no change in leaf or shoot dry weight occurred after 9 days of treatment. Specific leaf weight increased in response to UV-B exposure outdoors. Exposure of eggplant to UV-B radiation from fluorescent sunlamps in the greenhouse also decreased leaf expansion and leaf and shoot dry weight gain after 5 days of treatment. However, there were no differences in leaf or shoot dry weight relative to control plants after 12 days of UV-B treatment, indicating that UV-B treated plants had acclimated to the treatment and actually had caught up with non-UV-B-irradiated plants in terms of growth.