Feline gastrointestinal lymphoma: mucosal architecture, immunophenotype, and molecular clonality

Gastrointestinal lymphomas were identified in 120 cats between 1995 and 2006. Lymphomas were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) scheme. Cats with mucosal T-cell lymphoma (n = 84) predominated and had a median survival of 29 months. Mucosal T-cell lymphoma matched WHO enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATCL) type II. Epitheliotropic T-cell infiltrates were present in 62% of cats and occurred as clusters or diffuse infiltrates of small to intermediate-sized T cells in villous and/or crypt epithelium. Similar lymphocytes infiltrated the lamina propria in distinctive patterns. Cats with transmural T-cell lymphoma (n = 19) had a median survival of 1.5 months. Transmural T-cell lymphoma matched WHO EATCL type I. Epitheliotropic T-cell infiltrates were present in 58% of cats. Large lymphocytes (n = 11), mostly with cytoplasmic granules (LGL-granzyme B+) (n = 9) predominated. Transmural extension across the muscularis propria characterized the lesion. Both mucosal and transmural T-cell lymphomas were largely confined to the small intestine, and molecular clonality analysis revealed clonal or oligoclonal rearrangements of T-cell receptor-γ in 90% of cats. Cats with B-cell lymphoma (n = 19) had a median survival of 3.5 months. B-cell lymphomas occurred as transmural lesions in stomach, jejunum, and ileo-cecal-colic junction. The majority were diffuse, large B-cell lymphomas of centroblastic type. In conclusion, T-cell lymphomas characterized by distinctive mucosal architecture, CD3 expression, and clonal expansion predominated in the feline gastrointestinal tract.     

胃肠道间质瘤合并其他肿瘤临床病理分析

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤合并其他肿瘤的临床病理特点。方法回顾性分析滨州医学院附属医院自2009年-2017年收治的胃肠道间质瘤合并其他胃肠道恶性肿瘤病例32例,分析其合并其他肿瘤的部位、间质瘤的大小等临床病理特征。结果合并其他消化系统肿瘤的胃肠道间质瘤发生部位最常见为胃部24例,胃肠道间质瘤大小均值2.4cm,合并发生的消化系统恶性肿瘤最常见部位为胃部,合并胃癌19例,两者同时累及胃12例。组织学类型中以腺癌为主,其次为鳞状细胞癌。结论合并其他肿瘤的胃肠道间质瘤无特异性临床特征,病理无特异性免疫组化标志。     

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Upper GI endoscopy is a frequently performed endoscopic procedure that is particularly suited for the diagnosis of upper GI diseases with a luminal or mucosal location. Contraindications are few and complications are rare. Procedures that can be performed during upper GI endoscopy include mucosal biopsy, brush cytology, aspiration of duodenal fluid for culture and cytology, foreign body retrieval, bougienage of strictures, and endoscopic placement of gastrostomy tubes. Unresolved issues that face veterinary endoscopists include the interrelationship between contrast radiology and endoscopy, the advisability of routine combination of upper and lower GI endoscopy, the reasons for discordance among clinical signs, endoscopic appearance, and biopsy findings, and the role of post-treatment biopsies.     

芽孢杆菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、胃肠道pH值及免疫器官指数的影响

本试验旨在研究芽孢杆菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、胃肠道pH值及免疫器官指数的影响。选择35日龄断奶仔猪72头,按性别比例一致的原则,随机分为3个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,每个重复为一栏。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加3%芽孢杆菌制剂Ⅰ和芽孢杆菌制剂Ⅱ(每千克日粮中含有的活菌数分别为2.64×1010 cfu和1.89×1010 cfu)。试验期35 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,芽孢杆菌制剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ组对断奶仔猪生长性能均无显著影响(P>0.05);除回肠段芽孢杆菌制剂Ⅱ组pH值比对照组高外(P>0.05),其余胃肠段(胃、十二指肠段、结肠、直肠部分)各处理组pH值均比对照组pH值低(P>0.05);芽孢杆菌制剂Ⅰ与对照组相比,肝脏器官指数、胸腺器官指数、脾脏器官指数均有所提高(P>0.05);芽孢杆菌制剂Ⅱ组胸腺器官指数也高于对照组(P>0.05)。试验表明:芽孢杆菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、胃肠道pH值、免疫器官指数均无显著影响。     

Effect of romifidine on gastrointestinal motility, assessed by transrectal ultrasonography.

A technique of transrectal ultrasonography was developed to investigate the effects of romifidine 80 and 120 microg/kg bwt on intestinal motility in the horse. Motility of the small intestine, caecum and left ventral colon were assessed following injection of romifidine and a saline control, using a blinded, cross-over study design in 6 horses. Measurements were taken at 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after drug administration. There was a slight nonsignificant decrease in motility in the control group over the 4 h study period. Both doses of romifidine produced a marked decrease in gastrointestinal motility and were associated with the presence of reduced (nonpropulsive) contractions. Transrectal ultrasonography proved suitable for monitoring changes in the type and frequency of intestinal motility in the horse.     

胰高血糖素样肽-2及其受体与胃肠道的发育

胰高血糖素样肽-2(GLP-2)是由胰高血糖素原基因表达并切割得到的一种33肽。它在肠道、胰腺及脑中都有表达,组织特异性的加工过程使得胰高血糖素原在不同的组织表达产物不同,肠道中以GLP-1和GLP-2为主。肠道中GLP在营养物质、神经系统及内分泌激素的调控下由L细胞分泌,最终又被二酰肽肽酶Ⅳ(DPPⅣ)降解经肾脏代谢掉。经DPPⅣ降解后得到的产物GLP-2(3-33)可以作为GLP-2的拮抗剂使用。GLP-2能通过抑制胃肠的运动和分泌,加快营养的转运,从而增强肠道对营养物质的吸收能力。此外GLP-2还被报道有抑制摄食的作用。GLP-2对肠道的营养作用主要表现为刺激隐窝细胞的增殖,抑制黏膜细胞的凋亡。GLP-2是通过G蛋白偶联受体发挥作用的,而GLP-2受体(GLP-2R)在肠道主要在神经元细胞和内分泌细胞上,其中的信号转导机制目前看来包含多种途径。从其对胃肠道的作用出发,有广阔的应用前景。     

Comparative studies of gastrointestinal helminths of poultry in Zaria, Nigeria.

Two-hundred and ten digestive tracts of local chickens reared in and around Zaria, Northern Nigeria, under the extensive native free range system of management and 203 digestive tracts of exotic chickens raised under the intensive system of management were examined for parasites. Two hundred and one (95.7%) of the local chickens were infected and 24 (11.8%) of the exotic chickens also. Among the local chickens, 12 species of nematodes and 7 species of cestodes were recovered. Only one nematode and one cestode species were recovered from the exotic chickens. The prevalence of helminth infections between local and exotic chickens was significantly different at 1%.     

Epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in Haryana, India

Epidemiological studies on some gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in Karnal, Ambala and Rohtak districts of Haryana (India) revealed that Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis in these hosts. The adult parasites persisted in the host throughout the year and there was no indication of hypobiosis. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on a continuous cycle of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the districts revealed that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of the parasites existed all year round.     

Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in horses in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia

OBJECTIVE: To assess the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in horses in Perth. To apply polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the identification of some species of encysted larval cyathostomes. DESIGN: Between February and September of 2000, the gastrointestinal tracts of 29 horses submitted to a local knackery and Murdoch University Veterinary hospital in Perth were examined post mortem for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites. PROCEDURE: The gastrointestinal tract was divided into six sections, which were screened for the presence of parasites such as Gasterophilus sp, Anoplocephala sp and Parascaris equorum. Samples of contents were taken for worm counts. RESULTS: Cyathostomes were found in 28 of the 29 horses. Eighteen species of gastrointestinal helminths were identified. Twelve of these were cyathostomes, with the four most common species being Cyathostomum catinatum, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicostephanus longibursatus and Cylicostephanus goldi. The large strongyle, Triodontophorus serratus, was found in three of the horses but species of Strongylus were not found. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to a study conducted on horses from this region in 1985, cyathostomes were the most common gastrointestinal parasites found. The four most common cyathostome species found in the present study correlated well with findings of studies in other locations. The high number of cyathostomes may be due to the increase in resistance to anthelmintics among the species, and to improper anthelmintic use. The apparent reduction in number of large strongyles may be due to the widespread use of ivermectin, which is very effective against these parasites, and also possibly because some larvae may not have been detected.     

Feline gastrointestinal lymphoma.

Gastrointestinal lymphoma is a common cause of anorexia and weight loss in older cats, with or without vomiting or diarrhea. Most cats are feline leukemia virus-negative and feline immunodeficiency virus-negative. Low-grade gastrointestinal lymphoma may be more common than previously thought, and these cats respond better to chemotherapy agents than cats with high-grade lymphoma. The most significant prognostic indicator is initial response to chemotherapy, with cats that survive the initial induction period generally achieving long-term remission. Thus far, investigations into molecular markers and immunophenotyping have failed to identify useful prognostic indicators.