透湿性反光膜连年使用对由良温州蜜柑果实外观与风味品质的影响

本研究以由良温州蜜柑为材料,比较铺设透湿性反光膜与未铺设透湿性反光膜区域光照强度、反射光照强度、土壤湿度等方面的差异,探讨铺设透湿性反光膜对果实内在品质与外观品质的改良效果。结果表明铺设透湿性反光膜树冠下离地70 cm处反射光强是对照的3.3-4.7倍。透湿性反光膜具有良好的保湿效果,保持土壤环境稳定,通过光照漫反射,促进果实转色,使果面颜色更亮更红,增加固形物含量积累,提高果实商品性。铺膜与对照相比,成熟期可溶性固形物含量平均增加0.93 g/100mL至1.32 g/100mL,固酸比平均增加13.08%-26.76%。综上,在台州地区铺设透湿性反光膜可以显著提升由良温州蜜柑品质。通过连续三年品质监测,表明透湿性反光膜对由良温州蜜柑品质提升效果稳定,在同一果园可以连年使用。     

透湿性反光膜提升蜜柑品质

<正>据《果树学报》2017年第8期《透湿性反光膜覆盖对柑桔树体微环境、新梢生长及果实发育的影响》(作者王浩等)报道,为柑桔提质增效提供新的参考模式,探索透湿性反光膜覆盖对柑桔冠层微域环境、新梢生长及果实品质的影响。以3 300 m~2、32年生"宫川"温州蜜柑为试材,树冠下地面全面覆盖白色透湿性反光膜后,选取树势一致的植株,测定冠层光辐射特征、土     

农业装备在早熟温州蜜柑宫川延后采收栽培上应用

利用大棚、银黑双面反光地膜、微滴灌系统等农业装备栽培早熟温州蜜柑宫川,规避柑桔寒害、冻害,调控土壤水分,提高光照效率,延后柑桔采收期至农历春节期间,柑桔不仅品质好,而且新鲜,经济效益十分可观。     

果园地面覆膜对塔罗科血橙果实品质的影响

以7年生塔罗科血橙树为试验对象,设置黑膜（T1）、内黑外银反光膜（T2）、无色透明膜（T3）以及不覆膜为对照（CK）等4种处理,研究了塔罗科血橙园地面不同材料覆盖对塔罗科血橙果实果面、果肉和果汁的颜色以及果实内在品质的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,三种覆膜处理的塔罗科血橙果实着色明显且均匀,可溶性固形物（TSS）提高11.20%～13.20%、维生素C含量提高7.88%～14.49%、固酸比提高9.31%～14.13%,可滴定酸（TA）含量变化不大。综合比较3种地膜材料的果园地面覆盖效果,T2处理好于T1,T1好于T3,即以内黑外银色的反光膜效果相对最好。     

地膜覆盖有改善柚果实品质和土壤的应用潜力

据《中国果树》2021年第3期《不同覆盖材料对沙田柚果实品质及果园土壤细菌类型的影响》(作者崔学宇等)报道,在沙田柚成熟前期进行地膜(反光地膜、防水透气地膜、透明塑料地膜)覆盖处理,分析不同覆盖材料处理对其果实品质和果园土壤细菌类型、理化性质的影响。     

不同覆膜处理对W.默科特果实品质的影响

摘要：[目的]研究冬季不同树冠覆膜处理对W.默科特果实落果率及果实品质的影响。[方法]在11月中旬对长寿区龙河果园W.默科特植株采取3种不同的树冠和地面覆膜组合,统计和分析W.默科特果实的落果率和果实品质的差异。[结果]冬季树冠覆膜处理降低W.默科特果实的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C含量,但提高果实固酸比。对果实色泽有促进或延缓的作用;冬季树冠覆膜处理能够有效地降低W.默科特果实冬季落果率,其中地面反光膜 树冠覆膜效果较好。     

温州蜜柑花皮果形成的主要原因及防治技术研究初报

对温州蜜柑果实花皮形成的主要原因及防治进行了研究实验,结果表明,温州蜜柑果实花皮形成的原因是虫害、病害、机械伤害及药害造成的。虫害是主要原因,其中柑桔黄胸甲为主要虫害,柑桔蓟马为次要虫害,其它原因造成果实花皮所占比例较小。药剂防治试验结果表明,用20%WP啶虫脒10000倍液加70%WP甲基托布津1000倍液防治柑桔黄胸甲和柑桔蓟马效果明显,对温州蜜柑花皮果控制效果较好。     

5种柑桔中间砧对甜桔柚生长及果实品质的影响研究

以5种不同中间砧的甜桔柚为材料,对植株生长状况、产量和果实品质进行了对比。结果表明,不同中间砧对甜桔柚的树势和产量有显著影响,其中以温州蜜柑和胡柚为中间砧的植株冠幅、主干横径和冠层体积最大,这两个品种的树势强健,以椪柑和雪橙为中间砧的植株树冠较小,树势较弱。单株产量和生产效率以温州蜜柑最高,胡柚次之。不同中间砧的甜桔柚果实品质也存在差异,其中脐橙为中间砧的单果重和果径最大,以温州蜜柑为中间砧的可食率和总糖含量最高,温州蜜柑、胡柚和脐橙的可溶性固形物（TSS）含量最高,以脐橙和温州蜜柑为中间砧的固酸比最高。综合评价认为,温州蜜柑是高接甜桔柚较为理想的中间砧品种。     

覆膜对红地球葡萄设施栽培环境因子和果实品质的影响

研究了铺设农用白色地膜和聚酯镀铝反光膜(铝膜)对设施大棚内的土壤温度、土壤含水量、光照强度以及对红地球葡萄营养生长和果实品质的影响。结果表明,覆盖地膜不仅明显提高了土壤温度、土壤含水量,增强了光照强度,也提高了红地球葡萄的植株生长量;铺设铝膜使温室内光照强度提高40.9%;地膜结合铝膜对红地球葡萄的果实品质有一定改善。     

温州蜜柑采用飞龙枳砧的表现

美国发现飞龙枳砧的矮化特点后,引起了世界各柑桔生产国的关注。日本一些大学和研究机构开展了有关飞龙枳的研究,结果表明,飞龙枳对温州蜜柑有稳定的矮化效果,并能提高其果实品质。极早熟温州蜜彬以积为砧木,树势较弱;利用飞龙枳后,树势更为衰弱,生产性能降低,一般不使用飞龙枳作砧木。但嫁接日南1号,飞龙枳砧比积砧的着色早,果皮颜色好,糖度高,减酸早,果实品质明显提高。由此认为,日南1号利用飞龙枳作砧木有一定价值。早熟温州蜜柑比极早熟温州蜜柑的树势强,但在温州安柑中树势为中等或偏弱。以兴津早生、兴津3号、宫川早…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …