咪鲜胺对柑橘不同品种的保鲜效果评价

柑橘果实在贮藏期间极易发生青霉病、绿霉病、炭疽病等多种病害。为了减轻病害造成的损失,笔者在自然通风贮藏库内用咪鲜胺分别对锦橙、血橙、温州蜜柑和夏橙等4个柑橘品种进行了防腐保鲜效果研究。结果表明咪鲜胺333.33mg/㎏对青霉病、绿霉病、炭疽病和总病害均有较好的保鲜效果,只不同品种保鲜时间各异。以对锦橙和血橙的保鲜时间最长,贮藏期可达120天;其次是温州蜜柑,贮藏期可达60天;对夏橙的保鲜时间最短,只30天。对青霉病、绿霉病的效果,锦橙和血橙达120天,温州蜜柑达90天,夏橙达60天;对炭疽病的效果,锦橙可达120天,血橙达90天,温州蜜柑可达60天,夏橙只30天。咪鲜胺浸药处理对4个品种柑橘的失重率没有影响,只随着贮藏时间的延长,失重率均逐渐增加。咪鲜胺处理对果蒂保持绿色有一定效果,对不同品种柑橘果实内在品质、外观色泽和口感没有负面影响。     

塔罗科血橙果实贮藏过程中花青苷含量的变化以及紫外光对花青苷含量的影响

以麻阳和万州两个地区的塔罗科血橙为材料,探讨血橙果实贮藏过程中果肉花青苷含量的变化以及紫外光处理对花青苷含量的影响。结果表明,在日最低温4℃~14℃通风贮藏过程中,前30d果肉中花青苷快速增加达最高值,第30d含量较0d时增加了195%(麻阳)和226%(万州),然后随着贮藏时间延长花青苷含量不增加;113833 lux紫外光照射处理显著提高塔罗科血橙果实贮藏过程中果肉花青苷含量,较同一时期的对照增加35%~53%(麻阳)和22%~54%(万州),紫外光处理对果皮着色无明显促进作用,对可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C等含量均无显著影响。     

摩洛血橙在浙江引种表现及其评价

以塔罗科血橙为对照品种,摩洛血橙在试验地表现为可溶性固形物含量高,总酸高,VC高,花青苷含量高。可溶性固形物含量13.2%,总酸0.95%,Vc66.0 mg/100g,果肉总花青苷含量5.17 mg/100gFW,总花青苷含量是塔罗科血橙的3.1倍。单果重139.0g,果皮紫红血色较浓,商品性好。口感酸甜,略偏酸,品质中上。成熟果实有玫瑰香气,但橙香味不及普通甜橙和塔罗科血橙,果汁口感亦不及塔罗科血橙。     

果园地面覆膜对塔罗科血橙果实品质的影响

以7年生塔罗科血橙树为试验对象,设置黑膜（T1）、内黑外银反光膜（T2）、无色透明膜（T3）以及不覆膜为对照（CK）等4种处理,研究了塔罗科血橙园地面不同材料覆盖对塔罗科血橙果实果面、果肉和果汁的颜色以及果实内在品质的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,三种覆膜处理的塔罗科血橙果实着色明显且均匀,可溶性固形物（TSS）提高11.20%～13.20%、维生素C含量提高7.88%～14.49%、固酸比提高9.31%～14.13%,可滴定酸（TA）含量变化不大。综合比较3种地膜材料的果园地面覆盖效果,T2处理好于T1,T1好于T3,即以内黑外银色的反光膜效果相对最好。     

资中塔罗科血橙通过国家绿色食品认证

近日,四川省资中县绿叶生态有限公司塔罗科血橙荣获中国绿色食品发展中心绿色食品认证,被许可使用绿色食品标志,实现了该县在绿色食品认证方面零的突破。资中县是闻名的中国塔罗科血橙之乡。塔罗科血橙具有色泽鲜艳,风味浓郁、汁液充足、营养丰富、无核、质优、成熟期晚等特点。具有抗氧化、防止心血管疾病和抑制癌症发生等保健作用。目前,全县塔罗科血橙种植面积达0．69万hm。,年产5万t以上,产品畅销全国。近年来,为做大做强这一特色支柱产业,确保塔罗科血橙品质,资中县委、县政府高度重视,积极抓好塔罗科血橙品牌保护和绿色食品生产,推进塔罗科血橙产业化发展。早在2004年,资中县就获得了“中国塔罗科血橙之乡”的称号;1995年,资中县塔罗科血橙获得中国国际农业博览会金奖和名牌产品称号;     

塔罗科血橙落户宜昌市点军区

本刊讯2000年9月,湖北省宜昌市点军区桥边镇石堰村从中国农业科学院柑桔研究所引进塔罗科血橙,经过几年的栽培,2007年点军区塔罗科血橙喜获丰收,为当地农民带来显著的经济效率。     

荣昌区塔罗科血橙大小年原因与调控技术浅析

塔罗科血橙果肉细嫩化渣,汁多味浓,有玫瑰香味,品质极上等,但有大小年现象,小年产量一般只有大年的10%~20%,造成较大经济损失。笔者根据30多年的果树生产实践和相关研究,分析了重庆市荣区县塔罗科血橙大小年存在的原因,提出了相关的调控技术,以达到连年优质高产的目的。     

2010/2011年度垫江晚熟柑桔冻害情况调查分析

重庆市垫江县白家、包家、坪山等乡镇的部分村、社,地处长寿湖畔,海拔400m以下,年均气温17.8℃,冬无严寒,夏无酷暑,适合晚熟柑桔生长。因此,自上世纪80年代以来,该区域大量种植伏令夏橙、奥林达夏橙、蜜奈夏橙、路比血橙和塔罗科血橙,树体生长发育正     

塔罗科血橙新系在鄂西南山地的生物学特性与配套栽培技术

塔罗科血橙新系是一个晚熟的柑橘品种,为了调整我地柑橘产业结构,我们于2000年从中国农科院柑橘研究所开始引种,对它的适应性、抗逆性、丰产性以及效益进行了研究,认为有它的独特优势,可以在一定范围内进行适度规模发展。 关键词：塔罗科血橙新系,引种,栽培技术,适度发展     

塔罗科血橙新系在资中的主要特性及栽培技术

1998年笔者从中国农业科学院柑桔研究所引入塔罗科血橙新系进行高接试验,试验在四川省资中县配龙镇三树林场进行,高接砧为10年生枳砧兴津温州蜜柑。现将试验结果简报如下。1　主要特性1 1　植物学特性　塔罗科血橙新系树势强,分枝多,高接树前两年旺枝多,刺多,但枝梢分枝角度大,呈丛状。10年生枳砧兴津温州蜜柑高接塔罗科血橙,树高1 6～1 8m ,冠幅1 5～2m ,花朵椭圆形。1 2　物候期　塔罗科血橙在资中3月上旬开始萌芽,3月下旬现蕾,始花期4月上旬,盛花期4月中旬,5月上旬基本谢花。第一次生理落果在5月上旬,第二次生理落果在5月下旬,6月中旬后…     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -