玉米源异麦芽寡糖菌质粉对黄羽肉鸡生长性能和激素分泌的影响

本研究在饲粮中分别添加 ３个不同剂量的玉米源异麦芽寡糖菌质粉（ＩＢＳ）,旨在研究其对黄羽肉鸡生长性能和内源性激素分泌的影响。选择 １日龄黄羽肉鸡 ２７０只,公母各占 １／２,随机分成 ５组。对照 １组饲喂基础饲粮,对照 ２组在基础饲粮中添加 ４．２７ｇ／ｋｇ市售食品级低聚异麦芽寡糖粉,试验 １、２、３组分别在基础饲粮中添加 ６、１２、２４ｇ／ｋｇＩＢＳ。结果表明：１）与对照 １组相比,试验 １、２、３组死亡率分别降低 ３３．３０％、４９．９５％、４９．９５％;１～５２日龄,试验 １、２、３组平均日增重分别提高 ８．８０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、１１．０２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、７．８０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）;试验 １、２、３组料重比分别降低 ８．７３％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、９．０９％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、６．９１％（Ｐ＜０．０５）;试验 ２组血清中甲状腺素含量提高 ８．６８％（Ｐ＜０．０５）;试验 ３组血清中胰高血糖素含量降低 ２４．７５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）;在血清胰岛素动态变化过程中,采食后 １ｈ,试验 １组提高 ４０．３１％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,采食后２ｈ,试验 ２组提高 ４０．０９％（Ｐ＜０．０５）;在血清生长激素动态变化过程中,采食后 １ｈ,试验 ３组提高 ３５．１８％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,采食后 ２ｈ,试验 ２、３组分别提高 ４８．２６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、４２．７２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）;试验 ２、３组血清中生长激素含量总体平均值分别提高 ２３．６５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、２６．２９％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。２）与对照２组相比,试验２、３组死亡率均降低２４．９７％;１～５２日龄,试验１、２、３组平均日增重分别提高 ６．５７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、８．７５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、５．５９％（Ｐ＜０．０５）;在血清胰岛素动态变化过程中,采食后 ２ｈ,试验 ２组提高 ４４．５５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）;在血清生长激素动态变化过程中,采食后 ２ｈ,试验 ２、３组分别提高 ５０．２４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、４４．６３％（Ｐ＜０．０５）;试验 ３组血清中生长激素含量总体平均值提高 ２３．８０％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果提示,黄羽肉鸡饲粮中添加一定剂量的 ＩＢＳ,对其生长性能、激素分泌有促进作用,且在本试验的 ３个剂量中,以添加 １２ｇ／ｋｇＩＢＳ综合效果最佳。     

日粮中添加沸石对黄羽肉鸡的影响

６４０只２８日龄黄羽肉鸡按饲养试验要求分成４个组（每组设４个重复），分别饲喂沸石含量为０，２％，４％和６％的日粮，５６日龄时结束饲养试验。在５５日龄时，各组随机抽取健康的鸡２４只（每个重复取６只，公母各半），空腹翅 静脉采血，测定血液激素指标。结果表明：日粮中添加２％，４％和６％沸石的鸡日增重分别较对照组鸡提高５．１７％，１１．０７％和８．１２％；添加不同量的沸石均能显著提高血液中三碘甲状腺原氨酸     

β－启动剂Clenbuterol对猪肥育效果影响的研究

选用３２头三元杂交猪随机等分为４组，在对照组和Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组猪日粮中分别添加０、１．０、５．０和１０．０ｐｐｍ的β－启动剂Ｃｌｅｎｂｕｔｅｒｏｌ进行饲养试验。结果表明，与对照组比较，Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在５０～９０千克体重阶段的增重速度分别提高了４．１２％、１０．９５％和７．９４％；单位增重耗料分别下降了２．１９％、７．０５％和５．４２％；背膘厚分别下降了３．３０％、８．９１％和１０．５６％；胴体瘦肉率分别提高了５．３７％、６．７５％和６．８９％；肌肉中粗蛋白质含量分别提高了５．３２％、８．１３％和８．７５％；肌肉中粗脂肪含量分别降低了１６．０１％、２０．４２％和２４．８３％。其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的主要指标均显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）优于对照组。且对肉质元不良影响。     

日粮中添加芒硝对生长育肥猪的增重效果

在育肥猪日粮中，添加０．２％、０．４％和０．６％芒硝的试验１、２、３组，试验全期日增重分别为６３１克、６５８克和６４４克，对照组６０３克，试验２、３组与对照组差异显著，试验１组与对照线差异不显著。饲料报酬试验１、２、３组比对照组分别提高２．９％、５．８％和４．６％，经济效益分别提高５．８％、１０．７和３％。     

葛叶粉饲喂农养肉猪试验

在山区农家饲养肉猪日粮中添加５、１０、１５、２０％的葛叶粉。结果表明：添加５％葛叶粉的不同处理的试验１、２、３组日增重分别为４８３、５１２、４９６克，与农养常规对照组４９８克之间差异均不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。试验２组同１０％葛叶粉的试验４组４５７克间差异明显（Ｐ＜０．０５），与１５％、２０％葛叶粉的对应试验５组４０２克、试验６组３３９克间差异均极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。试验４组同对照组比虽日增重低８．２％，但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。试验５、６组与对照组、试验１、３组间差异均极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），且该两组彼此存在明显差别（Ｐ＜０．０５）。在饲料报酬、日采食量上，对照组与试验１、２、３组间均无显著差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。试验４组在饲料报酬上与对照组、试验２、３组间分别有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），试验５组与对照组、试验１、２、３、４、６组间皆存有显著差别（Ｐ＜０．０５），试验６组同对照组、试验１、２、３组间都是差异极明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）。饲料适口性以试验２组最好，其次为对照组、试验３组，试验５、６组最差。     

β兴奋剂—苯乙胺对猪生长和体成分分配影响的研究

选用４０头三元杂交猪均等分成４组，入试体重组间无差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。对照组和Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ组日粮中苯乙胺添加量为０、５、１０和２０ｐｐｍ。结果试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组猪７０１－１０５公斤体重阶段生长速度提高２．２３％－７．８４％，眼肌面积增加７．５９％－３９．１５％，肌肉脂肪含量降低３．５５％－２２．９８％；Ⅱ、Ⅲ组猪１２肋痛膘厚降低１６．６％和２６．１８％，肌肉蛋白质含量略有增加（分别０．２４％和１．７８     

甜菜碱对肉用型种鸡生产性能的影响

将９０只３７周龄ＡＡ父母代种母鸡随机分为３组，每组３０只，１组为对照组，饲喂玉米—豆粕型基础日粮，２组和３组为试验组，分别饲喂含甜菜碱１００毫克／千克和２００毫克／千克的基础日粮７周，限制饲养。测定每组鸡的产蛋率、平均蛋重、料蛋比和种蛋孵化率。结果表明：２组的产蛋率分别比１组和３组提高８．１７和６．６个百分点（Ｐ＜０．０１），２组和３组的耗料分别比对照组降低２．４％和６．１％，３组的入孵蛋孵化率比１组提高５．９个百分点（Ｐ＜０．０５），平均蛋重三组间差异不显著     

三种饲用抗生素对生长猪饲喂效果试验

选用２０ｋｇ左右的约荣杂种一代仔猪８４头，随机分成４组（在饲喂相同基础日粮的基础上，Ⅰ组添加黄霉素５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ⅱ组添加对氨基苯砷酸７０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ⅲ组添加硫酸抗敌素１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ⅳ组为对照组）。抗生素处理的３组试验组经３０ｄ后结果表明，平均日增重分别比对照组高８．９７％（Ｐ〈０．０５）、１６．１８％（Ｐ〈０．０１）和２．７３％；料肉比分别比对照组高４．６７％、１１．２６％（Ｐ〈０．０５）和２．     

稀土饲料添加剂饲养绵羊的剂量选择试验

选用半舍饲的周岁龄青海细毛羊５６只，分为三组，试验１、２组各２０只，对照组１６只。在同等饲养管理条件下，试验１、２组每只羊每日分别添加０．２ｇ和０．１ｇＲＣＦ－３稀土添加剂，进行６０ｄ饲养试验。结果：试验１、２组绵羊平均日增重分别比对照组提高３０．６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和１２．６％（Ｐ＞０．０５）；平均羊毛长度分别比对照组提高２２．１％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和５．５％（Ｐ＞０．０５）；经济效益分别比对照组提高２５．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和８．７％（Ｐ＞０．０５％）。试验１组平均日增重，羊毛长度和经济效益分别比２组提高１５．９％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、１５．７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和１５．２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）以试验１组的效果为佳。     

日粮中添加硫酸钠对生产性能的影响

在三个蛋鸭试验中分别添加０．２％、０．４％、０．６％的硫酸钠，结果表明，试验组Ｉ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ与对照组比较，产蛋率分别提高５．１％、７．８％、５．８％（Ｐ〈０．０５）料蛋比分别降低２．３９％、５．８２％，２．０５％，经济效益分别提高９．４％、１６．８％、３．３％。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.