耐寒赤桉组培无性系研究简报

桉树一种适合湖南省大面积推广应用的速生用材树种。利用植物组培工厂化生产耐寒赤桉组培无性系，是解决桉树种苗的最好途径。作者介绍了赤桉的生物学特性、耐寒赤桉组培无性系的特点，提出了开展耐寒赤桉组培育苗的重要性与耐寒赤桉组培苗造林的关键技术，对发展桉树生产有一定的指导意义。     

建立巨桉优良无性系的研究

选用28个巨桉(Eucalyplus grandis)优良无性系茎段进行组织培养，从中筛选出适合于组织培养的3个试管无性系，研究表明不同无性系在启动、丛生苗的发生、有效苗的诱导及壮苗生根等试管繁殖过程中上均有显著差异。     

“常寒1号”耐寒桉树无性系选育研究

以引种栽培中发现的耐寒桉树植株由组织培养而成的营养袋苗为材料,在常德不同立地条件下进行栽培试验,经2008年初大冰冻检验后,选育出了具有较强耐寒特性的无性系“常寒1号”,分析了“常寒1号”的形态特征、耐寒性以及生长特性。     

巨尾桉优良无性系的选择试验

5年生巨尾桉无性系不同品系调查分析表明,生长最好的品系为N品系,平均树高达13 60m,平均胸径13 67cm,平均单株立木材积0 0903m3;其次为L品系,平均树高12 62m,平均胸径13 59cm,平均单株立木材积0 0839m3。抗霜性最好的为L、K、32-10品系,受害率为3 3%。不同品系间材积、树高、胸径存在显著或极显著差异。     

尾巨桉无性系高密度造林试验初报

以当前桉树生产上常用的造林密度1666株／hm^2为试验的最低造林密度,与5种更高造林密度作为构成本试验的6种不同造林密度的高密度试验,分析尾巨桉（Europhylla×E.grandis）试验林2年生时的林分密度生长效应。结果表明,不同密度处理间的林分生长量有极显著差异,密度越大,其林分树高、胸径、单株材积越小,林分蓄积量则随密度的增加而增大,这与其它许多桉树密度试验结果相似。但林分生长效应提早,可能是林分密度过高缘故,最后结果有待继续观测研究。     

巨桉无性系生长早期选择

对26个巨桉无性系人工林生长性状的调查分析表明：胸径、材积在无性系间呈极显著差异,相关性分析结果表明胸径、树高、材积三者间存在极显著的正相关关系。变异系数最大的是材积,达到78.82%,其次为树高和胸径,分别为52.23%、23.13%。胸径、树高、材积的重复力分别为0.5744、0.5469、0.3453。利用综合评定方法评选出5个优良的巨桉无性系,分别为20、18、25、9和5号。5个优良无性系胸径、树高、材积的遗传增益分别为11.60%、11.09%和2.05%。     

巨尾桉无性系山地引种造林效果的研究

通过对引进巨尾桉无性系与巨桉,尾叶桉进行山地造林试验３年的研究结果表明,巨尾桉无性系不仅能适宜本地区山地栽培,而且,生长快,３年生平均树高１２．１ｍ,胸径１２．３ｃｍ,单株带皮材积０．０７２８ｍ＾３,去皮材积０．０５７４ｍ＾３,比尾叶桉分别增长２３．５％,２８．１％,９２．１％和１４０．２％,比巨桉分别增长１３．１％,１９．４％,５６．６％和５１．５％。它还具有树干通直圆满,树皮较薄,冠径比小,出     

巨尾桉尾叶桉无性系造林对比试验初报

叙述了巨尾按2个无性系及其亲本之一的尾叶桉1个无性系、尾叶按实生苗造林在桂中的生长情况。对3.5年生林分生长情况初步分析结果表明,该两树种基本能适应桂中肥力低下、干旱的立地条件生长,其中以巨尾桉BH115号无性系表现最好,而未经选优的巨尾桉(无号)无性系表现最差,说明了杂交种巨尾按子代与其亲本之一的尾叶桉子代之间并无绝对的生长优势,应在选优过程中优胜劣汰。     

巨尾桉无性系林分生长的研究

对１９９１～１９９３年定位连续调查的资料作了统计分析表明，巨尾桉无性系林分树高，胸径，胸高断面积，材积连年生长量峰值分别出现在１，２，３，３年；平均生长量除材积的推迟１．３年，其它林木因子都在同一龄期达到高峰；４年生林分平均树高达１５．８ｍ，平均胸径１１．６ｃｍ（带皮）年平均蓄积生长量达３１．２９７９ｍ＾３／ｈｍ＾２。可见巨尾桉无性系林分生长快速，适宜于短轮伐期集约经营利用。     

巨桉、尾叶桉及其无性系在思茅地区引种栽培适应性论证

通过对巨桉、尾叶桉生物学特性、省外栽培情况、思茅地区小面积引种情况、省外栽植地点和引种地的立地条件进行分析比较，选择气候因子进行相似优先比论证，得出思茅地区在一定范围内大面积引种巨桉、尾叶桉是可行的结论。     

巨桉林和天然次生林枯落物层蚂蚁多样性及指示种

[目的]探讨巨桉林中蚂蚁群落的生态状况及植被变化后蚂蚁群落的响应,为今后土地利用方式的选择优化及生态恢复策略的制定提供依据。[方法]于2012年10月和2013年4月采用Winkler袋法调查云南省绿春县的巨桉人工林和天然次生林中枯落物层蚂蚁群落。[结果]共采集枯落物层蚂蚁5亚科34属66种2 118头。四个样地间枯落物层蚂蚁的物种丰富度有显著差异(GLM,t=-2.068,P=0.039),相对多度无显著差异(GLM,t=-0.174,P=0.863),其中巨桉林E1蚂蚁物种丰富度最高,N2最低;天然次生林N1蚂蚁多度最高,E2最低。巨桉林枯落物层蚂蚁群落结构与天然次生林无显著差异(ANOSIM Global R=0.5,P=0.333)。巨桉林中的指示物种为菱结大头蚁和东方小家蚁,天然次生林中的指示物种为红足厚结猛蚁。枯落物层厚度与蚂蚁物种丰富度显著负相关,枯落物层其它指标与蚂蚁物种丰富度和多度均无显著相关性。[结论]干扰少、林下植被丰富的人工巨桉林对枯落物层蚂蚁群落多样性的保护具有积极意义。     

7年生短枝木麻黄优良无性系选择的研究

以海南2个试验点上各含17个无性系的短枝木麻黄无性系为试验材料,进行树高、胸径、单株材积、主干分叉习性、主干通直度和保存率等6个性状的方差分析,并估算出6个性状的遗传相关和遗传力及指数选择等遗传参数。结果表明:无性系和地点的交互作用除了主干分叉习性有显著差异(p0.05)外,其他性状在无性系间差异均极显著(p0.001)。当不考虑无性系和地点互作时,无性系间不同性状的重复力均较高,为0.35 0.85,其中,树高重复力最高,主干分叉习性最低。遗传相关分析结果表明:树高、胸径、单株材积和保存率之间的表型及遗传存在极显著的正相关。树高、胸径、单株材积、主干分叉习性、主干通直度和保存率的平均遗传增益分别为6.5%、4.8%、10.9%、3.7%、1.5%和8.1%,筛选可获得明显的遗传增益。通过Smith-Hazel指数选择并按20%的入选率,选育出编号17、21和20三个优良无性系。     

Effects of the lateral growth rate on wood quality parameters of Eucalyptus grandis from different latitudes in Brazil and Argentina

Climate change resulting from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) and shortages of fossil fuels such as petroleum are major problems worldwide. Under these conditions, demand for woody biomass resources is increasing. We investigated the feasibility of using fast-growing Eucalyptus grandis for material production. Samples of E. grandis were collected from four plantations in different latitude divisions, including tropical and subtropical Brazil and subtropical Argentina. Various xylem qualities were measured and related to the lateral growth rate. Lateral growth rate did not significantly affect the longitudinal released strain of the surface growth stresses or the xylem density at any of the sampling sites. Higher lateral growth rate, higher values of xylem density, and lower absolute values of the released strain were observed in plantations closer to the equator. Higher growth rates in tropical climate promote longer fiber length. In subtropical plantations, smaller diameter trees will produce tension wood with smaller microfibril angles. Planting E. grandis closer to the equator thus produces higher quality wood than in plantations at lower latitudes.     

赤桉GAPDH家族基因的克隆及其序列分析

GAPDH is a typical structural protein in eukaryote organism, which plays an important role involved in the biosynthesis of cell composition and the expression of genetic information. In order to reveal the biological function of GAPDH in the growth and development of Eucalyptus, 3 genes were obtained and named as EC-GAP1, EC-GAP2 and EC-GAP3 by amplification with primers for GAPDH genes conserved regions and RACE method from the young leaf of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. The bioinformatics analysis suggested that the proteins encoded by corresponding genes owned the typical conserved domains of GAPDH and showed high homology with those of other plant species.     

柚木花粉离体萌发试验

柚木(Tectona grandis L.f.)是世界名贵的用材树种,天然分布于印度、缅甸、泰国和老挝[1],具有生长快、用途广、纹理美观和价格昂贵的特点,已在热带、南亚热带地区广为引种,是世界上人工林种植面积最大的4个树种之一,也是单位面积产值最高的一个造林树种[2-3]。我国引种柚木已有170多年的     

Mixed-species plantations of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus grandis in Brazil: 1. Growth dynamics and aboveground net primary production

Nitrogen fertilizer inputs increased sharply over the last decade in Brazilian eucalypt plantations. Due to the economic and potential environmental cost of fertilizers, mixed plantations with N-fixing species might be an attractive option to improve the long-term soil N status. A randomized block design was set up in southern Brazil, including a replacement series and an additive series design, as well as a nitrogen fertilization treatment. The development of mono-specific stands of Eucalyptus grandis (0A:100E) and Acacia mangium (100A:0E) was compared with mixed plantations in proportions of 1:1 (50A:50E), and other stands with different densities of acacia for the same density of eucalypts. The objective was to assess the effect of inter-specific interactions on the early development of the two species. Aboveground biomass was measured 6, 12, 18 and 30 months after planting, sampling 6–10 trees of each species per treatment at each age, and allometric equations were established in 0A:100E, 100A:0E, 50A:50E and 50A:100E. The height and basal area of E. grandis seedlings were enhanced by 12% and 30%, respectively by N fertilization at age 1 year. Inter-specific competition led to a stratified canopy, with suppression in acacia growth earlier for basal area than for height. The mean number of stems per acacia tree at 36 months after planting was significantly higher in pure stands (3.7), than in 50A:50E (2.7) and in the additive series (between 1.6 and 1.8). H/D ratios were highly sensitive to inter-tree competition for the two species. The suppressed acacia understorey in mixed-species stands did not influence biomass production and partitioning within eucalypts. This pattern led to biomass accumulation combining the two species in 50A:100E that was about 10% higher than in 0A:100E, from age 12 months onwards. Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) amounted to 25 Mg ha⁻¹ and 37 Mg ha⁻¹ from age 18 to 30 months in 100A:0E and 0A:100E, respectively. Acacia ANPP in 50A:100E amounted to 2 Mg ha⁻¹ over the same period, as a result of substantial inter-specific competition. An increment in biomass production in these very fast-growing eucalypt plantations was achieved introducing acacia as an understorey and not in the 50A:50E design, as observed in other studies.     

Antibacterial sideroxylonals and loxophlebal A from Eucalyptus loxophleba foliage

Loxophlebal A, a new antibacterial formylated phloroglucinol was isolated from the mother liquor obtained after separation of sideroxylonals from the chloroform–methanol extract of leaves of Eucalyptus loxophleba ssp lissophloia. The structure of loxophlebal A was determined to be 3-desformyl sideroxylonal A by spectroscopic methods including 1D- and 2D-NMR. The stereochemistry of loxophlebal A was determined by chemical correlation with sideroxylonal A. This article also reports an efficient, simple and economic method for large scale isolation of sideroxylonals in a purity of > 90% from the leaves of Eucalyptus loxophleba ssp lissophloia.     

Sap flow measurements reveal influence of temperature and stand structure on water use of Eucalyptus regnans forests

We examined water use by maturing Eucalyptus regnans, growing with or without an mid-storey stratum of Acacia spp. (Acacia dealbata or A. melanoxylon), for >180 consecutive days. Study sites were located in the Upper Yarra catchment area in south-eastern Australia. Depending on their contribution to stand basal area, mid-storey Acacia spp. increased total stand water use by up to 30%. Monthly water use in such stands reached more than 640,000 L ha⁻¹ (compared to 545,000 L ha⁻¹ in stands where acacias were absent) in early spring. Water use was curvilinearly related to sapwood area of Acacia spp. and logistically related to sapwood area of E. regnans. Water use of all three species showed a strong relation to daily maximum air temperatures. Distinct and simple relationships provide clear guides to the likely impacts of climate change and forest management on water yield. We compared a traditional up-scaling approach, from individual tree water use to stand water use, to a new approach that incorporates variation in temperature. Development of this approach can lead to greater precision of stand water use estimates – and in turn catchment water yield – under current climate change scenarios, which predict a rise in air temperatures of 0.6–2.5 °C by 2050 for the study area. Our temperature-dependent approach suggests that under conditions of non-limiting water availability, stand water use will rise by 2% for every 0.25 °C increase in maximum air temperatures during winter, and possibly more than that during summer.     

Water stress tolerance in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. subsp. maidenii (F. Muell.) saplings induced by water restrictions imposed by weeds

Eucalyptus saplings are sensitive to weed competition. This can cause water stress which is the most important abiotic factor limiting survival during plantation establishment. Two provenances of Eucalyptus globulus subsp. maidenii viz. Murrabrine and Tantawanglo were used to examine the effect of water stress induced by weed presence during establishment on physiological responses of young saplings. Six-month-old saplings were transplanted into 220-L containers containing three weed cover levels (no weeds, low weed density, high weed density). Each provenance × weed cover combination was assigned to either a high or a low water availability level. Sapling water status was affected differentially by water competition induced by weeds. Murrabrine provenance showed higher pre-dawn relative water content, pre-dawn leaf water potential and noon leaf stomatal conductance than Tantawanglo. Water stress conditions induced osmotic (π_adj) and elastic (?_adj) adjustments. The magnitude of π_adj varied according to the weed cover and water availability. Weed presence produced cell wall stiffening independently of water availability. Murrabrine provenance was less sensitive to weed cover, showing a significant change in wall stiffening only under high weed density. The two provenances had similar drought-tolerance mechanisms, but different responses to stress. Murrabrine had a larger water stress threshold than Tantawanglo that combined processes for “reduced water loss” and “maintenance of water uptake”. The relative importance of induced physiological drought-tolerance in response to weed interference during establishment is discussed.