杉木优良无性系闽杉1号幼林生长分析

为了提供杉木优良无性系闽杉1号推广造林依据,以杉木第2代种子园良种为对照,对比分析了杉木良种闽杉1号优良无性系6 a生幼林的生长情况。结果表明：闽杉1号无性系生长速率较杉木第2代良种快,但造林后前4 a树高总生长量较杉木第2代良种低,5 a林龄以后生长速率和总生长量快速提高,均超过杉木第2代良种;闽杉1号6 a林龄时的平均树高、胸径分别为6.55 m和8.79 cm,分别高出第2代良种37.61%、57.25%,同时单株立木材积的0.02484 m³高出第2代良种3.25倍。因此,闽杉1号林分幼林期生长明显优于杉木第2代良种。     

杉木二代优良种源造林试验研究

采用杉木第二代种子园优良种源的种子育苗,在永春县营造二代杉木示范林,开展杉木良种推广应用,并在一都镇和坑仔口镇分别设置调查试验区,调查分析二代杉木幼林的遗传增益和集约造林的速生丰产效应。试验结果：1）杉木第二代种子园优良种源在永春推广造林具有较高的遗传增益,与普通种源的杉木相比,3年生树高生长量增长31.0%,胸径生长量增长52.1%;4年生树高生长量增长31.5%,胸径生长量增长45.2%。2）二代杉木幼林集约造林速生丰产效应明显,4年生幼林施肥比不施肥树高生长量增长33.3%,胸径生长量增长53.3%;高密度造林5年生二代杉木幼林蓄积量达到87.75 m3/hm2,年平均材积生长量达到17.55 m3/hm2,年平均产值达到15 795元/hm2。     

杉木短轮伐期用材林高效栽培模式的初步研究

以3个试验示范地点的杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)种质评价、立地选择和密度对比、整地对比和施肥、间伐密度对比等试验林和短轮伐期示范林的观测数据为依据,分析探讨杉木短轮伐期用材林培育技术.结果表明,使用种子园良种进行造林,3年生幼林的树高和胸径生长量增益显著.栽培模式选择立地指数14以上的林地,以...     

融水优良种源杉木引种推广造林初报

北亚热带江苏省句容县引种推广融水优良种源杉木造林的幼林阶段结果表明,融水优良种源杉木生长快,结实少,适应性较强,有明显的增产趋势。良好立地,4年生时,林分平均树高、胸径年均生长量达0.70—1.40米和0.7—l.9厘米,分别比相同地形的同龄当地对照杉木增加38.8—207.6％和1—2倍。中等立地,树高、胸径、年均生长量达0.55～0.89米和0.6～1.1厘米,分别比当地对照杉木增加31.9—94.5％和83.3—207.1％。经预测,12年生时于材蓄积量(包括间伐材)达180.53—218.82立方米/公顷,于材纯收益达5.25—6.72万元/公顷,比同龄对照杉木增加2.53—3.42万元/公顷,经济效果显著。     

生长旺盛的河堤杉木林

我省苏北平原地区利用河堤、圩堤营造杉木幼林,普遍生长繁茂,并已相继郁闭成林.引种实践表明;河堤杉木林具有较高的生产潜力,11年生可达苏南良好立地22年生的生长水平.7—9年生树高年平均生长量0.60—0.84米,胸径0.9—1.2厘米,完全能     

21年生杉木无性系生长与遗传评价

对来源于湖南省的38个杉木无性系在广西柳州市21年生试验林各生长性状进行了调查与分析,发现中林龄杉木无性系间的胸径、树高、单株材积及树冠指标生长量均存在显著或极显著的差异;无性系树高、胸径、材积、枝下高、冠长及冠幅等性状重复力为58.65%87.19%,均达50%以上,表现为中等以上重复力,说明杉木无性系生长性状及树冠性状具有较高的遗传稳定性;无性系生长性状胸径、树高及材积与树冠性状冠长、冠幅均呈显著或极显著正相关;从38个供试杉木无性系中筛选出88号、68号、300号等3个优良杉木无性系,单株材积分别达0.494 8、0.438 9、0.412 9 m3,较优良种源、改良代种子园种子及优良家系组成的5个实生对照平均值分别高出43.59%、27.37%和19.82%。     

2003年干旱对1～3年生杉木林生长的影响

通过2003年干旱对1～3年生杉木幼林生长影响的研究,结果表明,2003年的杉木造林成活率、1～3年生杉木地径和树高当年生长量显著低于降水量正常的年份(2000～2002年)。干旱期间1年生杉木林平均造林成活率为81 5%,下降11 5%,平均地径当年生长量为0 70cm,下降54 3%,平均树高当年生长量为0 53m,下降36 4%;2年生杉木林地径和树高当年生长量分别下降38 8%和34 2%,3年生杉木林地径和树高当年生长量分别下降36 0%和43 1%。     

大型机械带状整地对杉木良种幼林生长的影响

为阐明大型机械带状整地微立地环境对不同杉木[Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.) Hook.]良种早期生长的影响,在江西省大岗山杉木人工林设置样地,对不同机耕整地不同微立地条件下杉木良种的幼林期生长表现进行调查分析。研究表明,大型机械条带整地杉木幼林早期生长优于传统整地,最适宜杉木早期生长的微立地是台外、台中和坡上,杉木优良无性系"洋061"在机械整地上的地径、树高和生物量平均值最大,显著高于安福红心杉和"洋020"优良无性系。因此,大型机械整地造林条件下,选择"洋061"优良无性系,定植在台外、台中和坡上微立地上是适宜的造林良种与立地选择方式。     

坡位对红椿幼林生长的影响

通过对5年生红椿试验与示范林不同坡位生长调查分析,结果表明:在红椿幼林生长阶段,坡位是影响其胸径和树高生长量的主效应影响因素,不同坡位上红椿幼林的胸径和树高生长量差异极其显著(p0. 01),红椿幼林林分胸径和树高生长量表现为下坡位中坡位上坡位,并且不同坡位间导致的生长量差异在50%以上;其他立地因子如坡度、坡向、海拔高度等对红椿幼林胸径和树高生长量影响较小,但对林分冠幅生长有显著影响(p0. 05)。可见在丘陵或者山地进行红椿造林时,坡位是影响红椿幼林生长的一个重要因子,在山体中下坡营造红椿丰产林,可充分保证红椿林分的生长量,同时充分发挥红椿的优良品质。     

杉木试验示范林营建技术研究

结合贵州第一期世行贷款造林，在黎平县中潮长岭营建世行贷款国家造林项目杉木试验示范林８８ｈｍ＾２，推广面积８０００ｈｍ＾２，试验内容包括：杉木幼林施肥效果，杉木林地土壤肥力监测：杉木不同施肥时间效果，示范内容包括：杉木优良家系，杉木优良种源和杉木优良无性系示范林，试验示范结果表明，Ｉ．施肥效果以ＮＰＯ２Ｋ１处理的生长量最大，施肥后４年，树高生长量比无肥对照大４２．４％，胸径大３４．２％，ＮＰ１和Ｐ２     

黑木相思无性系早期选择

采用“五株优势木”法评选黑木相思（Acacia melanoxylon）优树,采集优树根蘖萌芽条进行扦插和组织培养繁殖无性系试验苗。采用随机区组试验设计,在广东省紫金县苏区镇进行无性系测定,利用黑木相思4 a生的树高、胸径等观测数据进行无性系早期评价,结果表明,18个参试无性系中有12个无性系的树高生长或胸径生长显著优于对照（P＜0．05）,可作为与试验点类似条件地区中试推广的无性系。     

生态型林地清理对杉木生长及物种多样性的影响

研究了采伐迹地采取生态型林地清理方式对杉木生长及物种多样性的影响.结果表明:1～2 a生采取生态型林地清理方式杉木生长小于没采取生态型林地清理方式的对照林分,3 a生基本接近,5 a生采取生态型林地清理方式的大于对照林分.15a生时采取生态型林地清理方式的林分平均胸径、平均树高和单位蓄积分别是对照林分的110.5%、125.9%和143.1%;采取生态型林地清理方式的林分土壤肥力及物种多样性均比对照林分高.     

基于蓄积生长率的蒙古栎天然次生林抚育间伐研究

[目的]探讨蒙古栎各龄组适宜的抚育间伐方案,为吉林省蒙古栎天然次生林的抚育间伐提供依据。[方法]以5期吉林省森林资源连续清查数据为基础,筛选蒙古栎幼龄林、中龄林和近熟林,划分5级蓄积间伐强度:强度1(0~10%)、强度2(10%~20%)、强度3(20%~30%)、强度4(30%~40%)、强度5(40%~50%),对比未间伐林分,研究不同龄组林分对不同间伐强度在各观测间隔(5、10、15和20 a)的蓄积生长率的变化规律。[结果](1)伐后各时间段蓄积生长率随间伐强度增长的趋势:幼龄林先持平,再快速上升,最后快速下降;中龄林先缓慢增长,最后快速下降;近熟林,伐后5 a与10 a,先快速增长,后快速下降直至平缓,而伐后15 a与20 a,先快速增长,后平缓下降。(2)伐后各时间段峰值出现的间伐强度范围:幼龄林都在20%~35%之间,中龄林由伐后5 a和10 a的15%~35%之间至伐后15 a与20 a的20%~40%之间,近熟林由伐后5 a和10 a的15%~25%之间至伐后15 a与20 a的15%~35%之间。(3)各间伐强度级蓄积生长率均值相对于未间伐提升显著的有:幼龄林:强度3与强度4;中龄林:强度2、强度3和强度4;近熟林:强度2和强度3。(4)随着时间的推移,不同间伐强度与未间伐之间的蓄积生长率的差异越来越小。[结论]吉林省蒙古栎天然次生林,各龄组适宜的间伐强度:幼龄林为25%~35%;中龄林为20%~35%;近熟林为15%~30%。     

恩施山地扭叶松的幼树期引种成效

用产于加拿大9个种源的扭叶松种子育苗,在湖北恩施的建始县国有高岩子林场的十字坪、姚家坡进行了扭叶松不同种源地、不同种源的植苗造林试验。其幼树期的试验结果表明:扭叶松能适应两地的环境条件,植苗造林成活率及保存率达91.3%~100%;对14年生的试验林进行高、径生长分析,扭叶松的树高生长和胸径生长受种源、造林地点的影响极显著;种源与造林地点对树高生长的交互作用极显著。进一步对树高进行单点分析,参试的9个种源,在十字坪试点,10577、26230、25730、27084、28476、14726、26153七个种源的树高生长极显著高于25801、25803两个种源,且7个种源两两间差异不显著;姚家坡试点10577种源的树高生长极显著高于其他种源,其下依次是28476、26153、26730、27084、14726五个种源。胸径生长在种源间的极显著差异缘于10577种源与25803、25801种源间的差异,其他任意两种源间的胸径生长差异不显著。     

Effect of edge stands on the development of young Pinus sylvestris stands in southern Finland

Abstract

The quantitative effect of pine-dominated edge stands in southern Finland on the density and growth of pine saplings was addressed in the study. The cumulative effect of a mature edge stand on the development of a pine sapling stand with variable cutblock sizes was also estimated. The data were acquired from 10 study sites with a Scots pine sapling stand with a current dominant height of 1–6 m and an adjoining middle-aged to mature edge stand dominated by Scots pine. Tree level models were constructed to describe and simulate the structure and development of the sapling stands. The results indicated that dividing an average regeneration area (2 ha) into smaller cutblock units (1.0–0.5 ha) appreciably increased the edge stand effect. Total stand volume growth was 6% lower on 1 ha cutblocks, and 31% lower on 0.5 ha blocks, than on 2 ha blocks.     

Hydraulic conductance, light interception and needle nutrient concentration in Scots pine stands and their relations with net primary productivity

Aboveground xylem hydraulic conductance was determined in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees and stands from 7 to about 60 years of age. At the stand scale, leaf area index and net primary productivity (NPP, above- plus belowground) increased and reached a plateau at about 25-30 and 15-20 years, respectively; both parameters declined in mature stands. Stand hydraulic conductance followed a similar trend to NPP, with a maximum at about 15-20 years and a pronounced reduction in old stands. At the tree scale, annual biomass growth per unit of leaf area (growth efficiency) declined with tree age, whereas aboveground sapwood volume per unit leaf area, which is linearly related to maintenance respiration costs, steadily increased. Radiation interception per unit leaf area increased significantly with reduced leaf area index of mature stands, despite increased foliage clumping in the canopies of mature trees. Needle nutrient concentration did not change in the chronosequence. Tree hydraulic conductance per unit leaf area was strongly and positively correlated with growth efficiency. We discuss our findings in the context of growth reductions in mature and old trees, and suggest that increased hydraulic resistance and maintenance respiration costs may be the main causes of reduced carbon gain in mature and old trees.     

Site index curves for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) karst.) planted on abandoned farm land

Growth data were collected from 157 Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands planted on farm land in Sweden from 55 to 66° N. The mean age of the stands was 41 years (range, 25–91), the mean stand density 1 640 stems ha^–1 (range, 400–3 722), and the mean diameter at breast height (outside bark) 25 cm (range, 12–48). The height growth was measured in 56 stands during the initial five years after plantation and followed systematically until the stands were 30 years old. Early height growth for spruces growing on clay soils was lower than for trees growing on sand, till and peat soils. The height increment for 5-year-old spruces predicted the height increment for mature spruces (30–50 years old).Site index curves were constructed for total age. Curves for H₄₀ (dominant height at 40 years total age) were made for both northern (50 stands, 61–66° N) and southern (107 stands, 55–61° N) Sweden. Site index curves for H₅₀ at total age are presented for Sweden as a whole (Lat. 55–66° N) and southern Sweden only. Curves based on breast height age were also constructed for H₄₀ and H₅₀. Curves fitted for H₄₀ at breast height were well in accordance with the curves presented in the past for spruce on forest lands by Nordic studies. The curves from the present study have slower growth for young spruces than curves for forest land. For 40–90-year-old spruce stands, curves from the present study indicate taller heights than from forest land curves.     

尾叶桉及其杂交种无性系早期生长变异分析

本文对9个尾叶桉、巨尾桉、尾巨桉无性系0.5~2.5年生试验林生长率、差异性及林分直径结构分析,发现林龄0.5~1.5 a是无性系树高生长高峰期,此时树高生长率达79.20%~96.27%,是林龄1.5~2.5 a树高生长率的3~4倍;林龄1.5~2.5 a时,各无性系林分胸径、树高、单株材积生长率分别为19.66%~25.67%、18.58%~27.96%、52.57%~62.54%,生长率最大的是E7号无性系(胸径、单株材积)和E6号无性系(树高);秩次相关分析表明：各无性系胸径、单株材积生长量在不同林龄时排序变动不大,而无性系树高生长量排序在不同林龄时变动较大;差异性分析表明：无性系间胸径、树高、单株材积生长差异显著,但随林龄增加有差异减小趋势;林龄2.5年生时,E5号无性系胸径、单株材积生长量最大,分别达11.39 cm、0.0736 m3;各无性系林分树木径阶范围为6~14 cm或8~14 cm,以10 cm或12 cm径阶树木占最大比例,除E8号无性系外,其余8个无性系树木径阶分布总体上近似正态分布。     

Development of site index curves for Pinus kesiya in the Philippines

This study was conducted to develop a height–age growth model and site index curves for site quality evaluation of old secondary-growth stands of Pinus kesiya in the northern Philippines. The Chapman-Richards growth function was used in the guide curve method to generate anamorphic site index curves for this species. In order to evaluate the developed model, coefficient of determination (R ² ), root mean square error (RMSE), bias (ē), absolute mean difference (AMD) and mean percent bias (MPB) were used as statistical criteria. The Chapman-Richards model explained about 96.84% of the total variation of the dominant height. The value of ē was ?0.004 m, AMD was 2.566 m, MPB was 3.88% and RMSE was 3.331. The site index curves developed as a result of this study are significant for forest managers in predicting the growth patterns and classification of site productivities for Pinus kesiya stands.     

14年生油松测定林树高生长分析

六十年代以来,国内外许多学者在早期选择方面作过不少的研究,但无统一认识。Cannell认为,在林冠郁闭前,林木处于开放的生长环境,而在林冠郁闭后,处于竞争的生长环境,因此,树高在林冠郁闭前后可能不相关,甚至为负相关;Franklin的看法与此相似。但是,Lambethc在总结了8位学者对花旗松、北美黄松和火炬松等8种针叶树的研究结果后确信,树高生长的早期选择是有效的;叶培忠等对杉木优树子代和产地测定林的研究表明,早晚生长相关是显著的。油松(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.)是我国北方主要造林树种之一,生长周期较长。本项研究所用材料是我国定植最早的油松测定林,为了供选择优树和早期预测时参考,缩短育种周期,我们将14年来的工作总结如下。