影响2008下半年兽药市场的8大因素

价格涨了、奥运来了、行情变化莫测了、疾病的变化越来越快了、GSP的大限逼近了……这势必会对下半年的兽药市场造成不同程度的影响，那么它们的影响力有多大？     

甘肃省特禽疫病的流行病学调查

在甘肃省60个特种禽类养殖场,采集了17个品种禽类的非免疫血清953份、免疫血清51份、脏器等病料83份,进行了实验室检验和监测,结果表明鸽感染了ND、A I、IB、ILT、AL、FP、IBD 7种疫病,鸭感染ND、A I、ILT、FP、VA、PD 6种疫病,鹧鸪感染了A I、IB、ILT、IBD 4种疫病,珍珠鸡感染了IB、ILT、AL 3种疫病,鸵鸟感染了ND,乌鸡感染了IB、ILT、IBD、M D、VA、IC,贵妇鸡感染了M D、AL、IC。从病料中检出了大肠杆菌、都柏林沙门氏菌和念珠菌、组织滴虫和球虫虫卵等病原。ND、A I、IB、IBD、ILT、FP 6种疫病的免疫抗体水平普遍较低。     

湟中县积极探索动物防疫工作新路子

近几年,湟中县动物卫生监督所坚持"加强领导、密切配合、依靠科技、依法防治、群防群控、果断处置"24字防控方针,积极探索、务实创新、工作扎实、措施得力、成效显著,摸索出了一条切实可行的新路子,极大地促进了我县防疫工作的开展,提高了防疫密度和质量,降低了死亡率,有     

土壤污染的危害与防治

本文从污水排放、大气污染、化肥、农药、固废及畜禽养殖多个方面探讨了导致土壤污染的原因,阐述了土壤污染具有隐蔽性、潜伏性和长期性的特点,并介绍了土壤污染所造成的危害,然后从化学法、工程法、生物法三个方面讲述了防治土壤污染的常用办法。     

对畜牧项目建设的思考与建议

近年来,从中央到地方各级政府加大了对畜牧业的项目扶持力度,力度之大是前所未有的,这充分体现了各级政府对三农和畜牧业的重视。这些项目既有普惠政策,又有重点支持。通过连续几年的实施,对促进畜牧业的稳定发展、市场调控、标准化建设、品种改良、技术推广、循环经济、健康养殖、疫病防制等发挥了非常积极的作用,也引导了畜牧业的发展方向,取得了显著成效,同时也保证了与人     

砀山倾力打造全国水果加工大县

近年来．安徽省砀山县确立了“生态立县、工业强县、林果富民、统筹发展”的科学思路,初步形成了以林果产业为纽带的企业簇群特色,汇集了汇源果汁、海升集团、丰源梨业、湖南熙可、欣诚食品、宿州科技、隆泰果业等一大批水果加工贮藏企业,奠定了全国水果加工大县的坚实基础。     

市场低迷养猪场该如何应对——夯实基础、挖掘利润增长点

<正>2008年注定要成为不平凡的一年,它让全世界的人知道了什么叫金融危机、让企业知道了什么是破产、让炒股的人知道了什么叫崩盘、让喝牛奶的人知道了什么叫三聚氰胺、让养猪的人知道了什么叫一落千丈。     

草坪过渡带足球场冷地型草坪建植管理技术

在建植了成都、双流、郫县、乐山、达川、隆昌、蒲江、重庆等地足球场草坪的基础上,总结和研究了在该气候带建植冷地型足球场草坪的坪床准备、草种选择、草坪建植、草坪管理的关键技术。并针对足球场草坪的有关问题进行了讨论,提出了今后的研究方向。     

瑞典、丹麦、挪威奶业考察报告

2014年9月1~13日,中国奶业协会副会长兼秘书长谷继承应邀率团赴瑞典、丹麦、挪威考察。代表团考察了3国7省(市),走访了瑞典利拉伐公司、丹麦微蝌国际育种公司、挪威基诺育种与AI协会,参观了奶牛养殖场、种公牛站、乳品加工企业、屠宰场,拜访了挪威生命科学大学(农业大学)、挪威农业食品部。通过考察代表团对3国奶业有了进一步了解,交流了3国奶业发展的经验、技术和模式,促进了双方间技术的合作和经贸的往来。     

乡村土灶

土灶家族的成员,几乎都很难见到了,总是很怀念温暖的土灶。城里人家用的都是电饭煲、电磁炉、液化灶和天然气灶了,乡间山野人家,也基本都用电饭煲、电磁炉和沼气灶做饭菜了,就很怀念土灶,很怀念土灶家族的每一个成员。土灶、灶坑、灶头、锅洞、大锅、大锅铲、火扇、火钳、枝木火灰,这些温暖的东西,像一个个老农民,像一个个乡亲一般躲到哪里去了,基本见不到了。     

Techniques for objective outcome assessment

Companion animal rehabilitation, a collaborative practice of physical therapy and veterinary medicine, can only demonstrate the effectiveness of its theories, techniques, interventions, and modalities through evidence-based practice, utilizing standardized, reliable, and valid outcome measures, correlated with objective diagnostic data. This essay examines existing and potential objective outcome measures utilized in companion animal rehabilitation and physical therapy regarding pain, vital signs, body condition and composition, range of motion, muscle strength, inflammation, functional mobility, and gait. Discussion is included of the traditional disablement model and the evolution of the physical therapy diagnosis, prognosis, and plan of care.     

新疆伊犁夏牧场铁、铜、锰、锌、硒营养生态环境的研究(Ⅱ)

本试验通过研究伊犁夏牧场不同年龄、不同性别绵羊羊毛与血液中铁、铜、锰、锌、硒5种微量元素的含量及变化规律,为夏季放牧绵羊科学补饲微量元素提供依据。选择在新疆伊犁夏牧场卡拉卓恩(南坡)和唐布拉草地(北坡)1 400~2 999 m垂直带放牧的中国美利奴羊(新疆型)羊毛和血液样品,测定其铁、铜、锰、锌和硒含量,并评估其微量元素的营养生态环境。结果表明,放牧绵羊羊毛铁、铜、锰、锌和硒含量分别为520.70、3.89、30.16、102.64 mg/kg和41.18 μg/kg,其中铜和硒分别低于正常值48.3%和79.7%,而铁高于正常值603.4%;血液中铁、铜、锰、锌和硒含量分别为357.05、4.18、0.25、3.08 mg/L和45.23 μg/L,其中铜、硒分别低于正常值29.9%和73.9%,而铁高于正常值95.5%。羊毛与血液中铁、铜、锰、锌、硒含量均随年龄而增加。不同性别绵羊间血液中锌、硒含量差异明显。     

猪GDF11基因部分序列的克隆及组织表达分析

为了探讨生长分化因子11(Growth differentiation factor11,GDF11,又名BMP11)在胸腰椎数变异中的作用,本试验克隆了该基因包含外显子2在内的部分编码区,并进一步采用RT-PCR技术对其在猪胚胎和初生仔猪中的表达进行了分析。结果表明,在35d的猪胚胎中,后肢、牙龈、脑、肝脏、肾脏、胸椎、腰椎各组织均有明显的表达,而在前肢、眼、心脏、肺脏中的表达较弱,在颈椎和荐尾椎中没有观察到GDF11的表达。在45d猪胚胎的后肢、脑、眼、胸椎组织中GDF11的表达较强,而在前肢、牙龈、肺脏、肾脏、腰椎和荐尾椎的表达相对较弱,在肝脏中的表达极其微弱。在心脏和颈椎中没有检测到GDF11的表达。在55d的猪胚胎中,前肢、后肢、脑、眼、肝脏、颈椎、胸椎、腰椎组织中有明显的表达,肺脏和肾脏组织中的表达较强,牙龈和荐尾椎中的表达较弱,而在心脏中没有检测到GDF11的表达。3d仔猪的后肢、牙龈、脑、肾脏和腰椎组织中GDF11有明显的表达,脾脏组织的表达量较高,前肢、肝脏、心脏、背腰最长肌和肺脏中的表达相对较弱,在眼、颈椎和荐尾椎中的表达极弱,在胸椎中没有检测到表达。在所检测的不同时期的所有组织中,脑和肾脏组织表达明显地高于其他组织。     

An evaluation of pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses

Objective Evaluation of five pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses with sensors placed at five sites and hemoglobin saturation at three plateaus. Study design Prospective randomized multispecies experimental trial. Animals Five healthy dogs, cats and horses. Methods Animals were anesthetized and instrumented with ECG leads and arterial catheters. Five pulse oximeters (Nellcor Puritan Bennett‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and Surgi‐Vet V3304) with sensors at five sites were studied in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Ten readings (SpO₂) were taken at each of three hemoglobin saturation plateaus (98, 85 and 72%) in each animal. Arterial samples were drawn concurrently and hemoglobin saturation was measured with a co‐oximeter. Accuracy of saturation measurements was calculated as the root mean squared difference (RMSD), a composite of bias and precision, for each model tested in each species. Results Accuracy varied widely. In dogs, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 2.7, 2.2, 2.4, 1.7 and 2.7% respectively. Failure to produce readings for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 0, 0, 0.7, 0, and 20%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the tongue, toe, ear, lip and prepuce or vulva were 0.95, 0.97, 0.69, 0.87 and 0.95, respectively. In horses, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 3.1, 3.0, 4.7, 3.3 and 2.1%, respectively while rates of failure to produce readings were 10, 21, 0, 17 and 60%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the tongue, nostril, ear, lip and prepuce or vulva were 0.98, 0.94, 0.88, 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. In cats, the RMSD for all data for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 5.9, 5.6, 7.9, 7.9 and 10.7%, respectively while failure rates were 0, 0.7, 0, 20 and 32%, respectively. The correlation coefficients for the tongue, rear paw, ear, lip and front paw were 0.54, 0.79,.0.64, 0.49 and 0.57, respectively. For saturations above 90% in cats, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 2.6, 4.4, 4.0, 3.5 and 4.8%, respectively, while failure rates were 0, 1.7, 0, 25 and 43%, respectively. Conclusions and clinical relevance Accuracy and failure rates (failure to produce a reading) varied widely from model to model and from species to species. Generally, among the models tested in the clinically relevant range (90–100%) RMSD ranged from 2–5% while failure rates were highest in the V3304.     

Study on the Nutritional-ecologic Environment of Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn and Se in Yili Summer Pasture of Xinjiang (Ⅱ)

This experiment objective was to study the Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Se five kinds of trace element contents and change rule in the blood and wool of sheep pastured of different age and different gender, provide the basis for summer grazing sheep scientific supplementary feeding trace elements.At the altitudinal belt of 1 400 to 2 999 m of the summer pasture of the Karajon grassland (South slope) and Tangbula grassland (North slope) of Yili, Xinjiang, Chinese merino (Xinjiang type) sheep wool and sheep blood were collected, to determine their contents of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Se for evaluating the nutritional-ecologic environment of trace elements of summer pasture of Yili.The results showed that the contents of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Se in wool of grazing sheep wool were 520.70, 3.89, 30.16, 102.64 mg/kg and 41.18 μg/kg, respectively, in which the contents of the Cu and Se were lower than normal value by 48.3% and 79.9%, respectively, and that of Fe was higher by 603.4%.The contents of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Se in blood were 357.05, 4.18, 0.25, 3.08 mg/L and 45.23 μg/L, respectively, in which the contents of the Cu and Se were lower than normal value by 29.9% and 73.9%, respectively, and that of Fe was higher by 95.5%.The contents of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Se in the wool and blood were increased with the age.The blood contents of Zn and Se between male and female were extremely different.     

中国桑树害虫名录(Ⅺ)

记述了昆虫纲(Insecta)双翅目(Diptera)、缨翅目(Thysanoptera)、等翅目(Isoptera)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、革翅目(Dermaptera)、蜚蠊目(Blattaria)的26种桑树害虫,以及蛛形纲(Arachnida)真螨目(Acariformes)、甲壳纲(Crustacea)等足目(Isopoda)、软体动物门(Mollusca)腹足纲(Gastropoda)柄眼目(Stylommatophora)共28种桑树害虫与危害物种,分别介绍了这些害虫及危害物种的中文名称、学名、寄主种类与主要分布区域,为控制桑树各类有害生物的发生与危害提供相关的基础信息。     

三探草坪的起源、演化及其概念——几种外文、外语“草坪”一词及其他

初步发掘、整理了英、德、拉丁、俄、日等五种文字、语言中草坪一词内积淀的有关草坪起源与演化的信息。三证草坪草的分化 ,草坪的起源与早期演化均属自然。人类活动于草坪中 ,认识、利用和发展了草坪 ,可以劲直、也可以曲折。人类利用草坪的方式 ,无论中、外大致相同 ,利用的水平与社会整体发展的水平大体相应。草坪由草地分化发育 ,是草地的一个特殊类型。     

饲粮钙、磷水平对泌乳期伊犁母马营养物质消化代谢和血浆生理生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮钙、磷水平对泌乳期伊犁母马体重、胸围、营养物质表观消化率和代谢以及血浆生理生化指标的影响,为确定泌乳期伊犁母马钙、磷适宜需要量提供参考。选取年龄(11~14周岁)、体重[(371±21)kg]和胎次(4~6胎)接近的处于第2泌乳月的伊犁母马25匹,随机分为5组,每组5匹。第3泌乳月Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组母马钙饲喂水平分别为45.03、48.50、51.96、55.43和58.89 g/d,磷饲喂水平分别为30.05、32.03、34.01、35.99和37.97 g/d;第4和第5泌乳月Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组母马钙饲喂水平分别为43.60、46.42、49.25、52.07和54.92 g/d,磷饲喂水平分别为27.63、29.24、30.86、32.47和34.12 g/d。试验为期90 d,每30 d为1个试验周期。结果显示:饲粮钙、磷水平对母马体重和胸围以及干物质、有机物和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率均无显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅴ组的粗蛋白质表观消化率最高,分别比Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组提高12.26%、12.37%和18.28%(P0.05);Ⅰ组的总能表观消化率最高,分别比Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组提高8.32%、7.19%和11.24%(P0.05);Ⅰ和Ⅲ组的钙表观消化率分别较Ⅳ组提高17.74%和14.49%(P0.05);Ⅲ组的磷表观消化率最高,比Ⅱ组提高35.39%(P0.05)。饲粮钙、磷水平对母马氮和钙代谢均无显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅰ组的代谢能较Ⅱ和Ⅳ组分别增加7.95%和11.33%(P0.05);Ⅰ组的能量沉积率较Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组分别提高9.30%、8.50%和12.10%(P0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ组的磷沉积量显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05),其中Ⅲ组在各组中最高,比Ⅱ组提高42.59%;Ⅰ和Ⅲ组的磷沉积率显著高于Ⅱ和Ⅳ组(P0.05),其中Ⅰ组在各组中最高,分别比Ⅱ和Ⅳ组提高49.67%和46.32%;Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ组的磷利用率显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05),分别比Ⅱ组提高17.74%、18.80%和16.79%。饲粮钙、磷水平对血浆中离子钙、磷、降钙素、骨钙素、胎盘催乳素、垂体泌乳素、雌二醇、孕酮和雌酮水平均无显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅲ组的血浆中甲状旁腺素水平显著高于Ⅳ和Ⅴ组(P0.05),分别提高70.61%和47.58%。由此得出,Ⅰ组饲粮(在第3泌乳月钙、磷饲喂水平分别为45.03和30.05 g/d,第4和第5泌乳月钙、磷饲喂水平分别为43.60和27.63 g/d)即可满足伊犁母马泌乳期的钙、磷需要。适宜的饲粮钙、磷水平有助于维持较高水平的能量和钙的表观消化率以及能量和磷的沉积和利用。     

基于Label-free技术比较马和驴血清蛋白质组分差异

旨在探究马和驴血清蛋白质生物学特征,为马属动物种间生理特征比较和健康保障提供理论依据。本研究选取辽宁省大连市某集约化养殖场的9匹蒙古马和9头辽西驴,雌性,年龄4~10岁,均处于正常发情周期的间情期,健康无病、精神状态及采食状况良好,分别提供相同的饲养条件。采集马和驴各9份血清样品分别随机分成3组,每组内的3份血清样品均匀混合成1个生物学重复,各获得3个生物学重复的血清样品。利用Label-free蛋白质组学技术及生物信息学方法对马和驴的血清蛋白质组分进行比较研究,提取血清蛋白质,再对蛋白质进行酶解,液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）进行蛋白质组分分析,数据库检索分析马和驴血清样品中蛋白质表达情况,并应用生物信息学方法筛选马和驴血清差异关键调控蛋白质。结果显示,本研究共鉴定出361种蛋白质,其中,马血清中表达288种蛋白质,分子量范围为1.52~511.24 ku;驴血清中表达244种蛋白质,分子量范围为1.53~611.47 ku;共获得231种显著差异表达蛋白质（差异倍数≥1.5,P≤0.05）。差异表达蛋白质主要参与蛋白质激活、补体激活、免疫应答、凝血和脂蛋白氧化调控等生物学过程。显著富集的KEGG通路为补体和凝血级联,吞噬体,内质网蛋白质加工,抗原加工递呈,甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸的代谢,癌症蛋白多糖等。通过差异蛋白互作分析显示,差异表达蛋白质紧密相连富集最为显著的功能模块主要为代谢途径、补体和凝血级联、吞噬体,HSP90AA1、HSPA8、APOD、APOM、SERPING1、MASP1、CALR、TUBA1B、TUBB等处在关系互作网的重要节点。马和驴在生理条件下的血清蛋白质组成特征存在一定差异,该研究为进一步揭示马属动物种间生理特征差异和有效保障健康提供数据支撑。     

Viscoelastic materials in veterinary ophthalmology

Viscoelastic materials have applications in both human and veterinary ophthalmology and orthopedics and for humans in otorhinolaryngology, urinary incontinence, cosmetic surgery and cosmetics. In ophthalmology, viscoelasties are most commonly used in facilitating cataract and other anterior segment surgeries, but also have applications in posterior segment surgery and in the topical management of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Viscoelastics are routinely used during anterior segment surgery in filling and maintaining the anterior chamber, repositioning the iris, and to coat and protect the corneal endothelium, and expand the capsular bag prior to intraocular lens implantation. Viscoelastics can also be essential in the management of intraoperative complications such as miosis, hemorrhage, posterior capsular tears, and vitreous presentation. The most common products available for ophthalmic use include various concentrations of sodium hyaluronate, chondroitin sulfate, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. The physical properties of each viscoelastic material are dependent on chain length, and intra-and interchain interactions. The rheologic properties of viscosity, pseudoplasticity, viscoelasticity, and surface tension dictate the usefulness of each material for a specific purpose.