Saving the small farm: Agriculture in roman literature

Roman agriculture suffered traumatic changes during the 2nd century B.C. The traditional farmers who tilled their few acres and served family, gods and community were being squeezed out by large estate owners using slaves for investment farming. Politicians, scholars and poets tried to revive the ancestoral rustic life. In 133 B.C. the Gracchi legislated land reform to relieve the distress of the farmer soldiers who had won the empire. Although their efforts led to political confrontation that deteriorated into civil war, programs for the traditional farm became a permanent part of government policy from the late Republic until the end of the empire in 476 A.D. Scholars and poets made a contribution to the revival of agriculture with knowledge for improving the farm and by encouraging an agrarian mentality. The agricultural manuals (e.g. Cato (c. 150 B.C.), Varro (c. 50 B.C), and Columella (c.65 A.D.), defined the nature of the desirable farm and gave practical advice. Profit was the goal, but good farming practices made for pleasure and virtue as well. The image of the ancestoral farmer was perpetuated as was the notion that farming was the only honorable and respectable occupation for a Roman gentleman. In the Augustan Age (34 B.C.—14 A.D.) poets were encouraged by the government to adopted a rustic theme in hopes it would stimulate a return to the land and aid in the rebirth of Rome and Romans. In the GeorgicsVirgil begins with the practical details of farming, but uses myth and philosophy to explore the nature and meaning of life. He admits that Jove made life perilous. But Jove also gave man the art of agriculture and with hard work man could know the pleasure of a simple, virtuous, productive life. Horace directed his poetry against the allure of city life and in praise of rustic living. Epicureanism and Stoicism, in the guise of life on the farm, could show that although fate was unpredictable, the world was orderly and, if one recognized and accepted its limits, one could make a garden of the world and live a simple but happy life. By 300 A.D. Rome missed the peasant-farmer-soldier and by the 470's life had returned to an agrarian condition. Bishop Sidonius, trying to furnish meaning and perspective for the emerging new age, resorted to the Roman agricultural traditions still cherished as that world disappeared.     

Sea level variations in the northwest mediterranean during roman times

Archeological remains indicate an average rise of sea level of 7.5 centimeters per 100 years from 300 B.C. to A.D. 150. At A.D. 0 mean sea level was about 0.5 meter below the present value. Eustatic fluctuations have not exceeded 0.15 meter.     

Analysis of copper and brass coins of the early roman empire

X-ray fluorescence analysis of 14 copper and brass coins of the early Roman Empire shows differences in composition between coins minted in Rome and in France. Concentrations of tin, lead, and antimony are nearly always less than in coins minted before 29 B.C. or after 54 A.D. Older coins were not melted to make copper coins of the early empire.     

广州市植保新技术新方法推广现状分析

论述了2003年以来广州市主要农区推广使用频振式杀虫灯控害等新技术,以及推广数量、应用面积和新技术的防治效果等.但在新技术推广过程中发现农民接受程度不高、宣传力度不足、后续管理跟不上等一系列问题,由此提出了转变思路、发挥主动性、加大杀虫灯等新技术宣传力度、提高新技术覆盖率等对策.     

频振式杀虫灯对蔬菜害虫的杀虫效果

腾冲县植保植检站于2006年引进频振式杀虫灯进行害虫监测及防治试验示范,通过杀虫灯诱虫量、杀虫谱、在无公害蔬菜生产中的应用等几方面研究,初步得出频振式杀虫灯具有诱虫量大、杀虫谱广、可降低农药使用次数和用量、降低生产成本等优点,从而提高蔬菜品质,在无公害农产品生产中具有较好的推广前景。     

鱿鱼钓船集鱼灯功率配置的经济性分析

根据作业情况对鱿鱼钓船的集鱼灯配置功率从经济性角度进行分析,认为８１５４拖网改装的集鱼灯功率不宜超过１８４ｋＷ。     

Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by greek and roman civilizations

Analysis of the Greenland ice core covering the period from 3000 to 500 years ago-the Greek, Roman, Medieval and Renaissance times-shows that lead is present at concentrations four times as great as natural values from about 2500 to 1700 years ago (500 B.C. to 300 A.D.). These results show that Greek and Roman lead and silver mining and smelting activities polluted the middle troposphere of the Northern Hemisphere on a hemispheric scale two millennia ago, long before the Industrial Revolution. Cumulative lead fallout to the Greenland Ice Sheet during these eight centuries was as high as 15 percent of that caused by the massive use of lead alkyl additives in gasoline since the 1930s. Pronounced lead pollution is also observed during Medieval and Renaissance times.     

设施菜田频振式杀虫灯诱杀效果及害虫扑灯节律初报

用频振式杀虫灯(灯高0.8 m和1.3 m)进行了5 d诱杀设施菜田害虫的试验,结果表明:诱杀的害虫涉及6目21科34种;灯高0.8 m诱杀害虫数量显著大于1.3 m的;20:00~21:00害虫扑灯最活跃;高1.3 m灯下益害比值(0.0809±0.0146)显著大于高0.8 m灯(0.0542±0.0081)。提出了评价杀虫灯诱杀昆虫能力的时间参数"扑灯中时间MTDL50"和"扑灯黄金时间GTDL61.8",高0.8 m灯下害虫扑灯中时间是21:06:25,黄金时间22:10:08;高1.3 m灯下害虫扑灯中时间是21:02:46,黄金时间22:07:54。     

3种频振式杀虫灯田间应用效能评价

对河南佳多频振式杀虫灯、烟台三文共立电子诱（杀）蛾灯、江西巴克星光电生物灭虫灯进行玉米田间应用效能比较试验。结果表明：3种灯诱杀种类以3目（鞘翅目、鳞翅目、直翅目）、6科（金龟甲科、夜蛾科、天蛾科、螟蛾科、灯蛾科、蝼蛄科）、5种（铜绿金龟甲、暗黑金龟甲、棉铃虫、桃蛀螟、小地老虎）为主;诱虫总量及日平均诱虫量,烟台三文共立电子诱（杀）蛾灯〉江西巴克星光电生物灭虫灯〉河南佳多频振式杀虫灯;亮灯时间江西巴克星光电生物灭虫灯最长,河南佳多频振式杀虫灯和烟台三文共立电子诱（杀）蛾灯差别不大;诱杀效果受降雨影响最小的为烟台三文共立杀虫灯,其次为江西巴克星光电杀虫灯;受故障影响程度较低的为江西巴克星光电杀虫灯,其次为烟台三文共立杀虫灯。     

农资界急需找的人才——农资行业经营及农化人员招聘条件调查

<正>伴随农资行业快速发展的是人才需求的快速扩大,尤其对于销售及农化方面的人才,更是通过自我培养和外部引进吹响了人才战略的集结号。作为业内人才,也期望找到     

3种频振灯诱杀菜园害虫效果试验

比较了3种不同型号频振灯的诱虫效果,研究结果表明,频振灯主要诱杀鳞翅目、鞘翅目和双翅目昆虫;诱杀害虫总量表现为隆皓GP-LH18B>隆皓GP-LH18C>佳多PS-15II;3种灯对益虫的伤害均很小,益害比均小于1∶90,频振灯诱杀光的温室害虫种类和数量较露地少,频振灯诱杀害虫数量随田间害虫数量的变化而变化,可用于预测预报害虫的发生规律。     

频振式杀虫灯防治信阳茶树害虫的应用研究

研究了频振式杀虫灯对信阳茶树害虫的防治效果。结果表明,频振式杀虫灯对茶树多种害虫诱杀效果较好。杀虫灯对茶细蛾的防治效果达75.32%,对茶毛虫的防治效果达82.56%,与化学防治效果相近;对斜纹夜蛾防治效果达84.07%。     

4种集鱼灯在灯光罩网作业中的渔获效果分析

为分析LED集鱼灯是否适用于南海近海灯光罩网渔业,本研究进行了3种LED集鱼灯与1种传统金卤灯的生产对比试验。研究发现:(1)试验使用的LED白光灯的相对光谱功率分布有2个波峰,分别在蓝光波段,绿光、黄光波段,LED绿光灯有1个波峰为绿光波段,LED蓝光灯有1个波峰为蓝光波段,金卤灯有多个波峰,峰值波长主要在红光波段;(2) 3种LED集鱼灯的渔获率均高于金卤灯,其中LED白光灯渔获率优势明显;(3) 4种集鱼灯渔获的共同优势种为中国枪乌贼(Loligo chinensis),其中LED白光灯的渔获率明显高于其他灯具;(4)单因素方差分析结果表明LED白光灯与金卤灯捕获的中国枪乌贼的胴长、体质量均无显著性差异。研究认为LED灯尤其是LED白光灯适用于南海近海灯光罩网渔业。     

佳多频振式杀虫灯在有机茶园害虫防治中的应用效果

[研究目的]试验研究频振式杀虫灯在有机茶园中的应用效果,为有机茶园防治害虫提供方法和指导;[方法]试验共2个处理:有灯区和无灯区.在每年的6、7、8、9、10月份对杀虫灯诱杀的成虫的种类和数量进行统计,以及田间虫口密度为害情况调查.[结果]有灯区和无灯区中毒蛾、尺蠖、叶甲的数量差异达到了极显著水平;[结论]频振式杀虫灯对茶园害虫的防治效果明显,特别是对毒蛾、尺蠖和叶甲类的诱杀作用较突出,对它们的防效有灯区与无灯区间差异达到了极显著水平,但是对叶蝉的防治还是有一定的局限.频振式杀虫灯可以作为有机茶园防治虫害的一种手段,与其它防治方法协调使用,综合防治茶园害虫.     

日粮系酸力水平对羔羊消化道生理指标和血液生化指标的影响

【目的】研究不同日粮系酸力水平对羔羊消化道生理指标和血液生化指标的影响,为探索早期断奶羔羊日粮中酸化剂的作用机理提供理论依据。【方法】将24只7日龄萨能奶山羊羔羊(♂)随机分为4组,分别饲喂日粮系酸力水平为41.3(A组,CK),39.3(B组),35.2(C组)和31.1(D组)mmol/hg的试验日粮,分析测定20~48日龄羔羊消化道主要生理指标和血液生化指标。【结果】B、C、D组羔羊瘤胃和十二指肠pH值持续下降,与A组差异均极显著(P<0.01);B、C、D组均极显著提高了羔羊胃蛋白酶、十二指肠胰蛋白酶和胰淀粉酶的活性(P<0.01),其中肠胰蛋白酶活性随日粮系酸力水平的降低持续增加,而胃蛋白酶和肠胰淀粉酶活性则表现为先升高后降低的变化趋势,以系酸力为35.2 mmol/hg的C组酶活性最高;降低日粮系酸力水平的B、C、D组均较A组极显著(P<0.01)提高了羔羊血清总蛋白水平,降低了血糖和尿素氮质量浓度。【结论】降低日粮系酸力水平可改善羔羊消化道微环境,有效提高羔羊血清总蛋白水平,降低血糖和尿素氮浓度,有利于提高羔羊对营养物质的消化利用率。