高羊肚菌MH1菌株母种培养基的正交优化

以葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、可溶性淀粉为碳源,蛋白胨、硝酸钠、硝酸铵、硝酸钾、酵母膏为氮源组合成多种培养基,观察高羊肚菌MH1菌株菌丝生长状况,筛选出前3组最佳碳氮源组合培养基,再分别加入马铃薯浸汁、腐殖土上清液、灰分、玉米粉浸汁制成加富培养基进行二次筛选,并用正交优化法对二次筛选出的培养基碳氮源及加富成分及pH值进行优化。结果表明：高羊肚菌MH1菌株菌丝生长的最佳培养基配方为麦芽糖（2％）,酵母膏（0．3％）,腐质土（3％）上清液,pH6。     

不同营养条件对羊肚菌菌核形成的影响

菌核形成与羊肚菌(Morchella esculenta)子实体的形成有密切的关系.以PDA培养基为基础培养基,通过添加其他物质培养羊肚菌菌丝,观察菌核生长情况,从而初步判断其形成菌核的培养基限定条件.结果表明,碳源营养添加物为淀粉和乳糖,浓度为10 g·L-1;氮源添加物为NH4HCO3、KNO3和甘氨酸,浓度为25...     

梯棱羊肚菌M83和M101菌株培养特性差异

以可正常出菇的梯棱羊肚菌M83和不能正常出菇的梯棱羊肚菌M101作为供试菌株,对2种菌株在不同的温度、p H、光照、碳源、氮源上的菌丝生长速度、长势及菌核生长情况等进行分析和比较。结果表明,2种菌株菌丝的最适生长温度为15℃~25℃,但M83菌丝在5℃~30℃能正常生长,而M101菌丝在30℃不能正常生长;2种供试菌株菌丝生长最适p H为7~8,M83的生长速度明显快于M101;2种菌株菌丝在黑暗条件下的生长速度、长势均优于光暗交替条件;2种菌株可利用多种碳源和氮源,但M83对麦芽糖和可溶性淀粉的利用能力显著强于M101;2种菌株菌丝生长最适氮源为蛋白胨,对硝态氮的利用能力均强于对铵态氮的利用。     

辽宁省甜瓜果腐病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性初探

 由丝核菌引起的甜瓜果腐病是辽宁省近年发生的新病害,在棚室甜瓜生产中发生渐趋严重。根据病原菌形态、致病性、菌丝融合群和rDNA-ITS序列分析,确定其病原菌为茄丝核菌（Rhizoctonia solani）,AG-4 HGI融合群。病原菌生物学特性测定结果表明,菌丝生长最适温度28 ℃;最适pH 6.0 ~ 8.0;供试10种培养基中,在甜瓜煎汁培养基中菌丝生长最快;供试9种碳源和10种氮源中,最适碳源为可溶性淀粉,最适氮源为蛋白胨;光照对菌丝生长影响较小。菌核形成最适条件为温度25 ℃,pH 7.0,理查培养基,黑暗条件;以山梨醇为碳源的PA培养基和以KNO₃为氮源的查氏培养基有利于菌核形成。对于病菌菌核萌发胡萝卜煎汁培养基最为适宜;供试9种碳源和10种氮源中,最适碳源为麦芽糖,最适氮源为蛋白胨;菌核萌发最适温度28 ℃,最适pH 5.0 ~ 8.0,黑暗条件利于菌核萌发;菌丝致死温度50 ℃、10 min;菌核致死温度53 ℃、10 min。     

青海互助北山林场羊肚菌菌核培养条件的优化

以青海互助北山林场羊肚菌为试材,采用单因素变量法,研究不同的碳源、氮源、温度、pH对青海互助北山林场羊肚菌菌核数量及长势变化的影响。结果表明:当培养温度为22℃或26℃,pH介于6~7,并且分别以可溶性淀粉和硝酸钾为碳源和氮源培养基时,基面菌核和气生菌核数量最多,长势最好,说明上述培养条件是羊肚菌人工培养的最佳组合。     

不同碳源和氮源对杏斑点病病菌的影响

以杏斑点病病菌为试材,研究了不同碳源和氮源对杏斑点病病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响.结果表明:最适菌丝生长的碳源为乳糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖,其次为葡萄糖;最适宜菌丝生长的氮源为谷氨酸,其次为硝酸钙、硝酸钠、甘氨酸.最适宜孢子萌发的碳源为淀粉;最适宜孢子萌发的氮源为氯化铵.     

辽宁省甜瓜新病害——果腐病病原菌生物学特性研究

针对辽宁省甜瓜新病害--茄丝核菌（Rhizoctonia solani）引起的果腐病,对其病原菌进行
了生物学测定。结果表明：病原菌菌丝生长以甜瓜煎汁培养基为最适;菌丝在5～40 ℃范围内均能生长,
最适温度为28 ℃ ;最适pH 值为7;光照对菌丝生长影响较小;适宜菌丝生长的碳、氮源分别为可溶性
淀粉和蛋白胨。菌核形成的适宜条件为25 ℃,pH 值6～8,理查培养基,最适碳源为山梨醇,最适氮源
为KNO3。菌核在10 种供试营养物质中均能萌发;在15～40 ℃范围内菌核均可萌发,28 ℃为最适温度,
黑暗条件有利于菌核萌发;以麦芽糖为碳源的PA 培养基和以蛋白胨为氮源的查氏培养基有利于菌核萌发。
菌丝致死温度为50 ℃、10 min。菌核致死温度为53 ℃、10 min。     

不同碳源对7个白灵菇品种菌丝生长的影响

以7个不同来源白灵菇(Pleurotus eryngii var.tuoliensis)品种为供试菌株,通过对其菌落直径、菌丝颜色、菌丝生长速度及液体菌种摇瓶发酵菌丝产量进行比较,探讨6种碳源对白灵菇菌丝生长的影响。研究结果表明,白灵菇有较广的碳源谱。从菌丝生长速度来看,7个白灵菇菌株总体以麦芽糖、可溶性淀粉、甘露醇、蔗糖为碳源时菌丝生长最快,对葡萄糖和乳糖利用较差;引入生长指数进行分析,葡萄糖、麦芽糖是白灵菇菌丝生长的最佳碳源,其次是甘露醇和可溶性淀粉,对蔗糖和乳糖利用最差。从菌丝生物量看,以甘露醇和可溶性淀粉为碳源时发酵液中获得的菌丝干重最大,其次是蔗糖和麦芽糖,葡萄糖和乳糖最低。     

羊肚菌LWY-1生物学特性的研究

分别从碳源、氮源、温度、培养基pH值、光照等方面观察记录羊肚菌LWY-1的菌丝体进行培养特性研究,其在不同培养基上菌丝形态及菌核形成情况进行初步试验,结果表明:LWY-1菌丝在不同培养基上生长存在一定差异性,菌丝生长后期气生菌丝开始退化并有近似圆形的菌核形成;羊肚菌LWY-1菌丝生长的最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为硝酸钾,最佳温度为25℃,最佳pH值为7.5。微弱散射光照射对LWY-1菌丝体生长有一定促进作用,强光照射会抑制菌丝体的生长。     

不同营养物质对羊肚菌菌丝生长的影响

本文了五种碳源，五种氮源，五种半组合培养基对羊肚菌丝生长和原基形成的影响以及在五种培养液中菌丝生长量的试验结果，试验表明，最好的碳源是蔗糖，其次是葡萄糖和甘油。最好的氮源是硝酸钾，其次是硝酸铵、尿素和硫酸铵，不能利用蛋白胨。缺少碳源、氮源、菌丝生长细弱、稀少，不形成原基。在麦麸培养液中菌丝生长量最大，其次是ＰＤ综合培养液和棉籽壳培养液，葡萄糖培养液菌丝生长量最低。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。