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1.
Cinara Lima Echart José Fernandes Barbosa-Neto David F. Garvin Suzana Cavalli-Molina 《Euphytica》2002,126(3):309-313
Aluminum (Al) tolerance in roots of two cultivars of barley was studied using hematoxylin staining and root re-growth procedures.
This study was performed in two F2 segregating populations originated from crosses between the tolerant FM-404 and sensitive Harrington cultivars. The F2 progeny analysed with hematoxylin staining revealed a segregation ratio of 3 tolerant: 1 sensitive, showing that the Al tolerance
is controlled by a single gene with complete dominance for tolerance. The root re-growth measures do not confirm the 3:1 ratio.
This last result can be explained due to the occurrence of genes that affect root growth rate or to the difficulties found
in the evaluation of root re-growth. Barley has a complex root system, which makes it difficult to measure root re-growth
after an extended period in nutrient solution. Due to the simplicity, reliability and better precision, the hematoxylin staining
is the best procedure to determine the Al tolerance and its inheritance in barley.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
Summary Winter-type experimental lines from crosses of two winter-type barley cultivars with a spring-type, barley yellow dwarf (BYD) tolerant cultivar were compared in inoculated and uninoculated hill plots. Mature plants traits-winter survival, height, number of spike-bearing tillers, and biomass-were examined. The experimental lines could not be compared with the BYD tolerant parent using these diagnostic symptoms since the spring-type parent would be winterkilled. Two criteria were used to rate experimental lines for BYD tolerance: (1) nonsignificant difference between BYD-inoculated and BYD-uninoculated treatments for all traits, and (2) a BYD injury score obtained by averaging percent reduction from BYD infection for each trait.Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Paper No. 10059. This research supported in part by Anheuser-Busch, Inc, St. Louis, MO, USA. 相似文献
3.
H. Pakniyat L.L. Handley W.T.B. Thomas T. Connolly M. Macaulay P.D.S. Caligari B.P. Forster 《Euphytica》1997,94(1):7-14
Four breviaristatum (short awned and semi-dwarf) barley mutants; ari-e.1, ari-e.119, ari-e.156 and ari-e.228 were compared
with other semi-dwarf mutants; Golden Promise, Alf, Pallas and Diamant along with their non-mutant parents; Bonus, Foma, Maythorpe,
Bomi and Valticky, for response to salt stress. Plants were exposed to hydroponic salt treatments (NaCl at 25 and 175 mol
m-3) for 4 weeks, after which response was measured in terms of shoot dry weight, sodium content and δ13C. In general ari-e mutants and Golden Promise had significantly lower Na+ contents than the other mutants. They also had significantly more negative δ13C values than the other lines in stressed (175 mol m-3 NaCl) conditions. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.71, p < 0.01) between shoot Na+ and δ13C values so that δ13C became less negative with increasing Na+ content. Shoot dry weights were compared to shoot Na+ and δ13C values. The ari-e and Golden Promise mutants showed less reduction in dry matter production in salt stress relative to the
control treatment than all the other lines. The data suggest that ari-e mutants and Golden Promise are better adapted to salt
stressed environments than the other lines examined. Tests for gibberellic acid sensitivity revealed that ari-e mutants and
Golden Promise responded weakly to GA3, while other dwarf mutants Pallas, Diamant and Alf along with their parents Bonus, Foma, Maythorpe, Valticky and Bomi were
highly sensitive. Our results support previous findings that ari-e mutants and the GPert mutant are allelic.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Fnlvia Rizza Cristina Crosatti Antonio Michele Stanca Luigi Cattivelli 《Euphytica》1994,75(1-2):131-138
Summary Frost tolerance of 30 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars have been field evaluated in North Italy during the 1990/1991 winter season that was characterized by exceptionally low temperatures without snow cover. The results showed a significant correlation between cold injury and grain yield loss (r=0.61**). Five cultivars chosen for their varying degree of frost tolerance were further evaluated using laboratory tests. Measurements of survival rate and membrane damage were used to assess the influence of hardening on frost resistance. The reliability of the tests is shown by the high correlation to the field data. For both the laboratory temperature regimes and field conditions, the tested cultivars showed the same order of classification. The effect of a rise in temperature at the end of the hardening treatment on frost tolerance is also reported. The laboratory tests here proposed can be integrated in a breeding programme for improving frost tolerance in barley. 相似文献
5.
Summary Four highly heterogeneous populations of barley were assayed for salt stress tolerance at the time of seed germination. Three of these, Davis, Dryland and Irrigated, were derived originally from a population called Composite Cross XXI and propagated until F17 under contrasting conditions. The fourth, Composite Cross XXX-C, was of relatively recent (F5) origin. This population showed the highest germinability in nutrient solution salinated with sodium chloride. Davis was poorer in salt tolerance than CC XXX-C but better than Dryland and Irrigated. Dryland and Irrigated, propagated for 14 successive genrations under contrasting levels of soil moisture, showed no significant difference in salt stress tolerance. In several hundred random samples of lines developed from these two populations, ear row number, lemma awn texture, seed weight and yield showed non-random associations with salt tolerance. These associations might be gainfully utilized in barley breeding for salt stress tolerance. 相似文献
6.
Summary Salt tolerance in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is described in terms of yield, mortality and root weight. Significant differences in absolute and in relative salt tolerance were demonstrated between Tunisian varieties. Relative salt tolerance of Beldi was found to be due to its root system which remained unreduced under stress condition; local adaptation could be involved. D'hirat showed interesting levels of absolute salt tolerance and low mortality. An ECw-value \s-> 7.63 dS/m was critical for almost all characters observed, with reductions of approximately 50%. Fruit weight and shoot-root ratio were not significantly affected by high salt concentrations of the irrigation water. 相似文献
7.
The potential of selection and breeding for improved salt tolerance in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary Four cultivars of Medicago sativa L. were subjected to selection for improved salt tolerance using a salinized solution culture technique at 250 mM NaCl. Selections were made after two weeks growth, based upon seedling shoot length differences. High (shoot lengths 14–31 mm) and low (7–12 mm) selection lines were established. Unselected shoot lengths ranged from 0–11 mm. Selection intensities ranged from 0.17% to 0.22% for the high selection lines, and from 0.30% to 1.05% for the low selection lines.Eleven selected plants from cv. CUF 101, and 10 from Local Syria were grown on and polycrossed. A sample of progeny seed from each was grown at 8 NaCl concentrations in solution cultures. Selected line seedlings produced shoots at 225, 250, 260, and 275 mM NaCl, whereas unselected material failed to grow above 225 mM NaCl. A second cycle of selection at 280 mM NaCl with these two cultivars achieved selection intensities of 0.21% and 0.45% for high and low selection lines, respectively. Selected lines grew and produced shoots at 300 mM NaCl.Seedlings derived from 1st and 2nd selection cycles and unselected control material were grown for 6 weeks at 0, 150, 175, and 200 mM NaCl in a sand culture experiment. The high selection line produced significantly greater shoot fresh weight, dry weight, and % live shoot weight than the unselected control material. Clearly selection as practised here can isolate individual seedlings having enhanced genetically based tolerance to NaCl, which is manifest in mature plants derived from polycrossing those selected individuals. 相似文献
8.
Linghe Zeng James A. Poss Clyde Wilson Abdel-Salam E. Draz Glenn B. Gregorio Catherine M. Grieve 《Euphytica》2003,129(3):281-292
The use of physiological characters as selection criteria in salt tolerance breeding requires the identification of the contribution
each individual character makes to salt tolerance. Rice genotypes were evaluated for salt tolerance in terms of grain yield
and physiological characters. Plants of twelve genotypes were grown in sand tanks in a greenhouse and irrigated with Yoshida
nutrient solution. Sodium chloride and calcium chloride (5:1 molar ratio) were added at two concentrations to give moderate
(4.5 dS m-1) and high (8.3 dS m-1) salinity treatments. One set of plants was harvested at 635 °Cċd (accumulative thermal time) after planting to determine LAI and mineral ion concentrations. Another set of plants was
allowed to grow to maturity. High genotypic diversity for LAI and shoot ion contents was observed. LAI contributed the most
to the variation of the grain yield under salt stress. Significant
correlations between LAI and yield components in both salt-tolerant and-sensitive genotypes further confirmed the significant
contribution of LAI to grain yield. K-Na selectivity increased with increasing salinity. Conversely, Na-Ca selectivity decreased
with increasing salinity. Significant correlations were identified between grain yield and both Na-Ca and K-Na selectivity.
Highly significant (p<0.001) correlations were identified between Na-Ca selectivity and the rankings among genotypes for grain yield. Thus, Na-Ca
selectivity could be one salt tolerance component and an useful selection criterion in screening for salt tolerance.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
The lack of an effective evaluation method for salt tolerance in the screening process is one of the reasons for limited success
in conventional salt tolerance breeding. This study was designed to identify useful agronomic parameters for evaluation of
salt tolerance and to evaluate genotypes by multiple agronomic parameters for salt tolerance at different growth stages. Twelve
genotypes were grown in a greenhouse in sand and irrigated with nutrient solutions of control and treatments amended with
NaCl and CaCl2 (5:1 molar concentration) at 4.4 and 8.2 dS m-1 electrical conductivity. Wide genotypic differences in relative salt tolerance based on seedling growth were identified.
The duration of reproductive growth between panicle initiation and anthesis was either reduced or increased by salinity, but
the response was not strictly correlated with relative salt tolerance in seed yield among genotypes. Wide genotypic differences
in relative salt tolerance
based on spikelet and tiller numbers were identified. Few genotypic differences were identified for fertility and kernel weight.
Spikelet and tiller numbers contributed most of the variation to seed yield among parameters investigated. When genotypes
were ranked for salt tolerance based on the means of multiple parameters, dramatic changes of salt tolerance at early and
seed maturity stages were observed in two genotypes, GZ5291-7-1-2 and GZ178. IR63731-1-1-4-3-2 was identified with a favourable
combination of salt tolerance at early seedling and seed maturity stages. Cluster group ranking of genotypes based on multiple
agronomic characters can be applied in salt tolerance breeding to evaluate salt tolerance and may have great advantage over
conventional methods.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Summary One durum wheat line (Triticum durum), cv. 82PCD476, with useful BYDV tolerance or resistance, was singled out of 5 152 lines evaluated between 1979 and 1986. A few other lines such as cv. Boohai and cv. 12th IDSN 227, slightly inferior to cv. 82PCD476, also showed some value. With an hybrid of cv. 12th IDSN227 with the susceptible cv. 84PCY-S531, broad-sense heritability values of 0.37–0.41 were obtained for symptoms and a heritability value of 0.55 was obtained for the total weight of spikes. The weight of spikes was considered as a good indicator of wheat tolerance to BYDV. Although BYDV resistance or tolerance genes are not very common in durum wheat, sources of heritable resistance could be found. However, the resistance ofT. aestivum to BYDV was superior to the one found inT. durum.Cintribution no. 323 相似文献
11.
Hanen Sbei Kazuhiro Sato Tariq Shehzad Moncef Harrabi Kazutoshi Okuno 《Breeding Science》2014,64(4):378-388
Two hundred ninety-six Asian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) accessions were assessed to detect QTLs underlying salt tolerance by association analysis using a 384 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker system. The experiment was laid out at the seedling stage in a hydroponic solution under control and 250 mM NaCl solution with three replications of four plants each. Salt tolerance was assessed by leaf injury score (LIS) and salt tolerance indices (STIs) of the number of leaves (NL), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW). LIS was scored from 1 to 5 according to the severity of necrosis and chlorosis observed on leaves. There was a wide variation in salt tolerance among Asian barley accessions. LIS and STI (SDW) were the most suitable traits for screening salt tolerance. Association was estimated between markers and traits to detect QTLs for LIS and STI (SDW). Seven significant QTLs were located on chromosomes 1H (2 QTLs), 2H (2 QTLs), 3H (1 QTL), 4H (1 QTL) and 5H (1 QTL). Five QTLs were associated with LIS and 2 QTLs with STI (SDW). Two QTLs associated with LIS were newly identified on chromosomes 3H and 4H. 相似文献
12.
Comparison of salt tolerance of GPert and non-GPert barleys 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A salt tolerance experiment was performed to study the effect of the GPert mutation in different genetic backgrounds of spring barley, Hordeum vulgare. L. Twenty-one lines carrying GPert along with 20 related non-GPert lines were grown for 4 weeks in low salt (25 mol m?3 NaCI) and salt stress (175 mol m?3 NaCI) hydroponic cultures. Shoot Na+ content was taken as a measure of salt tolerance. Salt tolerance of the two groups (GPert versus non-GPert) was compared, as was the performance of individual GPert lines with their non-GPert parental lines. The results show that GPert has a general positive effect on salt tolerance in reducing shoot Na+ content, but that this is regulated by genetic background. 相似文献
13.
R. J. Henry 《Euphytica》1985,34(1):135-145
Summary Methods for assessing malting quality in barley breeding were evaluated for their precision, including variation between different batches, analysts and barley samples. The barley characters measured were grain moisture, ground grain moisture (two methods), grain weight, steep moisture, malt moisture (two methods), malt yield, malt nitrogen, malt soluble nitrogen, Kolbach index, malt diastatic power, malt -amylase, malt -glucanase, wort refractive index, hot water extract, extract yield, wort reducing sugars, wort total carbohydrates, wort -amino nitrogen and wort total nitrogen. The value of these measurements in barley breeding is discussed. 相似文献
14.
Summary Twenty-nine spring barley genotypes ranging from primitive landraces to modern cultivars were characterised for partial resistance to powdery mildew on detached leaves and in the field. Detached seedling and adult plant leaves were produced under spore-free glasshouse conditions and were assessed for infection frequency (IF) and then total mildew biomass using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and thereby biomass per colony (BMC), following controlled infection. Field plants were assessed visually for infection and for total mildew biomass using ELISA. Several genotypes were identified as having below average IF and BMC on both seedling and adult detached leaves and field scores of leaf area infected with mildew. IF at the seedling stage was highly correlated with IF at adult plant stage and with mildew biomass in the field. Adult plant IF was highly correlated with visual field scores. BMC data were often negatively correlated with other assessments. 相似文献
15.
To identify scorable marker traits that can be used in cereal breeding programs for selecting drought tolerant individuals,
we investigated the correlation among the drought-associated traits in two F2 populations derived from the crosses made between drought tolerant and sensitive barley and wheat parental genotypes. The
parental genotypes of these crosses also differed by at least three other traits – paraquat tolerance, leaf size, and the
relative water content. These three traits were scored in two F2populations of 80 individuals for each barley and wheat cross. Analysis of results indicated that the enhanced tolerance to
paraquat was correlated with reduced leaf size and increased relative water content, two traits associated with water stress
phenotypes of the drought tolerant barley and wheat parents. Our results suggested that the selection based on paraquat tolerance
istechnically less demanding and thus useful for rapid screening of individuals for enhanced drought tolerance in segregating
populations.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
Lines of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring carrying an additional chromosome 5Eb from Thinopyrum bessarabicum or having chromosome 5A or 5D replaced by chromosome 5Eb were screened in hydroculture for tolerance to salt. The previously reported tolerance of the 5Eb addition line was confirmed and the two substitution lines were shown to have a higher level of survival in 175 mol/m3 NaCl than both the addition and the ‘Chinese Spring’ parent. Reasons for the better tolerance of the substitutions are discussed. 相似文献
17.
J. E. Parlevliet 《Euphytica》1976,25(1):249-254
Summary The three Dutch isolates studied carried virulence genes against the resistance genes Pa, Pa-2, Pa-4 and Pa-5, substantiating the widespread occurrence of these virulences in Western Europe as reported by others. The cultivars Cebada Capa, La Estanzuela, Gondar and Dabat carry the same dominant to semi-dominant gene, which is also found in Forrajera Klein and H2212. It is proposed to designate this gene Pa-7. This gene segregated independently from the Pa-3 gene in Rika x (Baladi x Rika) substantiating the data of Johnson (1968), but disagreeing with those of Roane & Starling (1970). EP 75 seems to carry a single dominant or semi-dominant gene conferring an intermediate resistance to the isolates used. This gene, tentatively designated as Pa-z, is different from the Pa, Pa-2, Pa-4, Pa-5 and Pa-7 genes. The intermediate resistance of Monte Christo is probably based on gene(s) different from EP 75. 相似文献
18.
Summary Partial resistance to powdery mildew in spring barley was evaluated in three plot types: large isolation plots, in 1.4 m2 plots in chessboard design with guard plots of spring wheat and in single rows. Percentage leaf area covered by powdery mildew was scored four to six times during the season and partial resistance was characterized by the area under the disease progress curve. Varietal differences were revealed in al three plot designs, differences between the most resistant and susceptible genotypes being of a factor five. Differences between varieties decreased with decreasing plot size. The relationship between single scores of amount of powdery mildew on the upper four leaves and the area under the disease progress curve was high in all plot designs during the first two to three weeks after heading, allowing selection for the trait by one or two scorings. Differential ranking of varieties between different plot designs was observed, and is assumed to be due to increasing plot interference with reduced plot size and reduced distance between plots. A reliable selection for partial resistance could be made in large isolation plots and in 1.4 m2 plots, but hardly in single rows. 相似文献
19.
S. Ceccarelli 《Euphytica》1987,36(1):265-273
Summary Using the traditional approach (selection for grain yield) it has been found that F3 families derived from F2's selected under unfavourable conditions were more vigorous in the early stages of growth, taller, earlier in heading and with larger yields than F3 families derived from F2's selected under favourable conditions. A high and negative correlation coefficient was found between the drought susceptibility index and grain yield at the driest site, whereas at the wettest site the correlation coefficients were lower and in some cases positive, indicating the existence of traits which are desirable under drought and undesirable under favourable conditions, or vice versa.Expected responses to selection for grain yield using different selection criteria indicated that selection under stress conditions is expected to be more efficient than selection under favourable conditions when dry areas is the target environment.Expected responses to selection for grain yield using different selection criteria indicated that selection under stress conditions is expected to be more efficient than selection under favourable conditions when dry areas is the target environment.Part of this work was supported by Opec Fund for International Development. 相似文献
20.
Summary Advanced generation random lines from crosses of tolerant x susceptible parents were studied to determine the inheritance of tolerance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in oats Avena sativa L. Clintland 64, a susceptible oat cultivar, was crossed with the BYDV tolerant oat lines Otee, FF64/74, M921 and CI4492. Randomly selected lines were advanced to F5 or F6 by single seed descent and were tested for their reaction to BYDV at Palmerston North, New Zealand and Winnipeg, Manitoba and Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada.The reactions of the lines to BYDV infection from each cross at the three test sites fall into a relatively continuous distribution. Two to four quantitatively inherited genes appear to contribute to the tolerance of the four tolerant oats. At Palmerston North, Clintland 64 expressed some tolerance to the virus.The correlation between the three sites was significant (P=0.01) for all crosses, ranging from 0.36 to 0.69, according to the particular cross considered. This correlation is sufficient to justify more international testing of oats for BYDV tolerance.Contribution Nos. 1163. 相似文献