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1.
Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel) is a less known cultivated vegetable in western and eastern Himalayan regions of India. This species is reported here for its potential for commercialization to supplement the onion and garlic production in different parts of India especially under the present unpredictable climatic conditions. Due to multipurpose use and wider adaptability of the species future thrust is laid on collection and conservation programmes in India.  相似文献   

2.
Four new steroidal saponins from the seeds of Allium tuberosum   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Four new steroidal saponins, 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S,20R)-20-O-methyl-5alpha-furost-22(23)-en-2alpha,3beta,20,26-tetraol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1); 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S,20R)-5alpha-furost-22(23)-en-2alpha,3beta,20,26-tetraol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2); 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S,20S)-5alpha-furost-22(23)-en-2alpha,3beta,20,26-tetraol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3); and 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S,20S)-5alpha-furost-22(23)-en-3beta,20,26-triol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), have been isolated from the seeds of Allium tuberosum. Their structures were established by spectroscopic studies such as MS, IR, NMR, and 2D-NMR and the results of acid hydrolysis and named tuberosides F, G, H, and I, respectively.  相似文献   

3.
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Garlic chives (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel) are an underutilized and neglected food crop of the Allium genus. For the future genetic development of...  相似文献   

4.
Volatile components were isolated from Chinese chive and rakkyo by simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Sulfur compounds account for 88 and 94% of the total volatiles in the isolated extract of Chinese chive and rakkyo, respectively. In addition to the sulfur compounds commonly reported in the genus Allium, 27 novel volatile sulfur-containing components were found in the isolated extracts of both species. Among them were a sulfide, disulfides, trisulfides, and tetrasulfides with ethyl, butyl, and pentyl groups.  相似文献   

5.
A mannose-binding protein was isolated from two different cultivars of the Chinese chive Allium tuberosum by extraction with 0.2 M NaCl, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and affinity chromatography on mannose agarose and fetuin agarose. It exhibited hemagglutinating activity toward rabbit erythrocytes. The lectin (agglutinin) was adsorbed on the mannose-agarose column, but not on the fetuin-agarose column. This A. tuberosum lectin (ATL) is unglycosylated, and not sialic acid binding. Lectins isolated from the two cultivars exhibited the same molecular mass of 25 kDa on gel filtration (Superose 12) and 12.5 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating that they might be a dimeric protein composed of two identical subunits. The N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the lectin of various cultivars of A. tuberosum revealed that they were identical and showed 50%, or more, homology to the lectins from Galanthus nivalis (family Amaryllidaceae), Narcissus tazetta (family Amaryllidaceae), and Aloe arborescenes (family Liliaceae).  相似文献   

6.
An extensive phytochemical analysis of the saponin content has been undertaken on leek, Allium porrum L., sown and collected at different seasons. As a result of this investigation, eight saponins (1-8) have been isolated, four of them (5-8) being novel compounds. Compounds 5 and 6, possessing the same tetrasaccharide moiety of compounds 1 and 3, display very unusual spirostane aglycones, 12-ketoporrigenin and 2,12-diketoporrigenin (named porrigenin C), respectively, recently isolated for the first time as free sapogenin in the same plant. Compounds 7 and 8 are rare cholestane bidesmosides possessing a di- and trisaccharide residues linked to a polyhydroxycholesterol aglycone, respectively. The structures of the isolated compounds have been determined by nondegradative spectroscopic analysis, mainly based on NMR. All the eight saponins isolated from leek were tested for their cytotoxic activity against two different cell lines in vitro, and compounds 1, 2, and 6 resulted particularly active.  相似文献   

7.
In this study we isolated crude thiosulfinates from Allium tuberosum L. using CH 2Cl 2 and then with silica gel column chromatography purified S-methyl methanthiosulfinate and S-methyl 2-propene-1-thiosulfinate from the crude thiosulfinates. Subsequently, in vitro cytotoxicities against human cancer cells and in vivo antitumor activities of the thiosulfinates were investigated. Their cytotoxicities were strong in human cancer cells, in the order of S-methyl 2-propene-1-thiosulfinate, crude thiosulfinates, and S-methyl methanthiosulfinate. When thiosulfinates were administered consecutively for 7 days at 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg ip, in mice, we found significant increases in the life spans of mice that had been inoculated with Sacorma-180 tumor cells. The crude thiosulfinates also induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cancer cells. These results suggest that thiosulfinates from Allium tuberosum L. inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells via apoptosis and have antitumor activities.  相似文献   

8.
抗生素对韭菜根尖培养植株再生的影响   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
卡那霉素 (Km)和G41 8对韭菜根尖培养植株再生均有抑制作用 ,随浓度提高愈伤组织和芽的分化频率逐渐降低 ,G41 8的抑制作用更加显著 ,当Km取 2 0mg L、G41 8取 1 5mg L时 ,不能诱导成芽。羧苄青霉素 (Crb)和噻孢霉素 (Cef)对韭菜的植株再生也有抑制作用 ,当Crb≥ 3 0 0mg L、Cef≥ 2 0 0mg L时 ,严重影响愈伤组织和芽的分化频率 ,出芽数也迅速减少 ,抑制作用随浓度提高而增强。在所取浓度范围内Timen tin对植株再生的抑制作用较小 ,对愈伤组织和芽的分化频率影响不大 ,但是随着Ti mentin浓度提高 ,出芽数逐渐降低 ,当Timentin =50 0mg L时 ,出芽数降低到对照的49 4%。  相似文献   

9.
Four steroidal glycosides including deltoside and nolinofuroside D and two novel saponins were isolated from underground parts of Allium nutans L. On the basis of the spectral (LSIMS and NMR) analysis, the structures of the new compounds were established as 25R Delta(5)-spirostan 3beta-ol-3-O-?alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1 -->4)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside? and 25R Delta(5)-spirostan 1beta, 3beta-diol 1-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside. On the basis of the extraction efficiency, the concentration of saponins was established to be about 4% of dry matter, which makes this species a good source of steroidal saponins for commercial use.  相似文献   

10.
ABSTRACT

Using saline irrigation water for crop production continues to gain more importance year by year, especially in regions where freshwater resources are very scarce. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of six water salinity levels (0.38 (control), 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 dSm?1) on salt tolerance, evapotranspiration, and yield of chives under a rain shelter. The experiment was laid out in pots using a randomized plot design with four replicates of each treatment. Leaf fresh-dry weights, plant height, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiencies of chive plants were significantly affected by increasing levels of salinity. The results revealed that chives can be classified as a salt-sensitive crop with a threshold value of 1.13 dSm?1 and relative yield decreased by 6.19% per unit increase of soil salinity. In conclusion, with appropriate leaching management practices, irrigation water with 0.38 dSm?1 salinity level is recommended for chives production.  相似文献   

11.
Twelve triterpene saponins have been isolated from the debittered seeds of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), and their structures were characterized on the basis of hydrolysis and spectral data, especially NMR evidence. Among them, three compounds, including 3-O-beta-D-glucuropyranosyl oleanolic acid (1), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin (2), and the new compound 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-30-O-methyl spergulagenate 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (3), are identified for the first time from quinoa seeds. The other isolated saponins have been previously reported in quinoa.  相似文献   

12.
A phytochemical analysis of the polar extract from the red bulbs of Allium cepa L. var. Tropea, typical of Calabria, a southern region of Italy, was performed extensively for the first time, leading to the isolation of four new furostanol saponins, named tropeoside A1/A2 (1a/1b) and tropeoside B1/B2 (3a/3b), along with the respective 22-O-methyl derivatives (2a/2b and 4a/4b), almost certainly extraction artifacts. High concentrations of ascalonicoside A1/A2 (5a/5b) and ascalonicoside B (6), previously isolated from Allium ascalonicum Hort., were also found. This is the first report of furostanol saponins in this A. cepa variety. The chemical structures of the new compounds were established through a combination of extensive nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and chemical analyses. High concentrations of quercetin, quercetin 4(I)-glucoside, taxifolin, taxifolin 7-glucoside, and phenylalanine were also isolated. The new saponins were found to possess antispasmodic activity in the guinea pig isolated ileum; such an effect might contribute to explaining the traditional use of onion in the treatment of disturbances of the gastrointestinal tract.  相似文献   

13.
Triterpene saponins from Medicago truncatula aerial parts have been separated and their structures determined by the extensive use of 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments including 1H-1H (DQF-COSY, 1D-TOCSY) and 1H-13C (HSQC, HMBC) spectroscopy along with ESIMS. Fifteen individual compounds were isolated that included seven medicagenic acid and eight zanhic acid glycosides. Additionally, two soyasapogenol B and soyasapogenol E glycosides were identified by MS/MS and TLC. Four medicagenic acid glycosides (5, 11, 12, 14) and eight zanhic acid glycosides (1-4, 6-9) are reported here for the first time. The common feature of M. truncatula aerial part saponins is the (1-->3) linkage between the two glucose units at C-3 of medicagenic and zanhic acids, which is different from that found in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), where this linkage was always (1-->2). This may suggest differences in glucosyltransferases between these two Medicago species.  相似文献   

14.
New dammarane-type saponins from the galls of Sapindus mukorossi   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Five new dammarane-type saponins, 3beta,7beta,20(S),22-tetrahydroxydammar-24-ene-3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 3beta,7beta,20(S),22,23-pentahydroxydammar-24-ene-3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 3beta,7beta,20(S),22,25-pentahydroxydammar-23-ene-3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 25-methoxy-3beta,7beta,20(S),22-tetrahydroxydammar-23-ene-3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and 25-methoxy-3beta,7beta,20(R)-trihydroxydammar-23-ene-3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, named sapinmusaponins A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4), and E (5), respectively, together with three known phenylpropanoid glycosides (6-8), were isolated from the galls of Sapindus mukorossi. The structures of these saponins were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. Preliminary bioassay data revealed that saponins 1 and 3-5 showed moderate cytotoxic activity (ED50 approximately 9-18 microg/mL) against human tumor cell lines (Hepa59T/VGH, NCI, HeLa, and Med) and that 1-5 were inactive in vitro against HIV replication in H9 lymphocytes.  相似文献   

15.
The karyotypes of southern Italian samples of three species of the genus Allium L. belonging to the section Allium, were analyzed using Feulgen staining and C-banding techniques. Karyomorphological affinities and C-banding patterns clearly denote close phyletic relationships between A. commutatum Guss., A. ampeloprasum L. and A. atroviolaceum Boiss. Nevertheless, the karyotypes of the two tetraploid species revealed notable differences in the amount and distribution of C-banded heterochromatin. Marker chromosomes were identified which helped tracing evolutionary relationships among the three taxa considered. The results of morphological and karyological examinations allow the proposition of a possible phyletic pathway between the diploid species A. commutatum and the tetraploid ones A. ampeloprasum and A. atroviolaceum. The latter species seems to be particularly well adapted to southern Italian environments and might therefore contribute useful traits to closely related crops, such as leeks.  相似文献   

16.
An antifungal protein, AFP-J, was purified from tubers of the potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. L Jopung) by various chromatographic columns. AFP-J strongly inhibited yeast fungal strains, including Candida albicans, Trichosporon beigelii, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whereas it exhibited no activity against crop fungal pathogens. Automated Edman degradation determined the partial N-terminal sequence of AFP-J to be NH2-Leu-Pro-Ser-Asp-Ala-Thr-Leu-Val-Leu-Asp-Gln-Thr-Gly-Lys-G lu-Leu-Asp-Ala-Arg-Leu-. The partially sequence had 83% homology with a serine protease inhibitor belonging to the Kunitz family, and the protein inhibited chymotrypsin, pepsin, and trypsin. Mass spectrometry showed that its molecular mass was 13 500.5 Da. This protease inhibitor suppressed over 50% the proteolytic activity at 400 microg/mL. These results suggest that AFP-J is an excellent candidate as a lead compound for the development of novel antiinfective agents.  相似文献   

17.
Ten triterpene saponins have been isolated from a MeOH extract of the leaves of Ilex oblonga. In their structures, six new triterpenoid saponins were named as oblonganosides H-M (2, 4, 5, and 8-10). All structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Among the triterpenoid saponins, three compounds (7, 8, and 10) showed obvious activities in inhibiting multiplication of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).  相似文献   

18.
Five compounds oxidizing canine erythrocytes were isolated from an aqueous ethanol garlic extract by silica gel column chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography. On the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, they were identified as three known compounds: bis-2-propenyl trisulfide (1), bis-2-propenyl tetrasulfide (2), and bis-2-propenyl pentasulfide (3) as well as two novel compounds, bis-2-propenyl thiosulfonate (4) and trans-sulfuric acid allyl ester 3-allylsulfanyl-allyl ester (5). A mixture of compounds 1-3 and compounds 4 and 5 induced methemoglobin formation in canine erythrocyte suspension in vitro resulting in the oxidation of canine erythrocytes. These groups of characteristic organosulfur compounds contained in garlic probably contribute to oxidations in blood. The constituents of garlic have the potential to oxidize erythrocytes and hemoglobin, suggesting that foods containing quantities of garlic should be avoided for feeding dogs.  相似文献   

19.
A PVYO virus-resistant potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Golden Valley) was identified, and further, from its tubers, a small (5.57 kDa) antiviral peptide potide-G was isolated. Application of potide-G on virus susceptible potato (cv. Winter valley) expressed robust resistance to PVYO infection and showed no virus infected morphology. We found that PVYO infection spreads up completely within 3 days post inoculation (dpi) in susceptible cultivar. PVYO was more accumulated toward the basal leaves, when infection occurred longer. Combined results of morphology of PVYO infection, ELISA, RT-PCR, and real-time PCR showed the resistance to the PVYO infection depends on the expression of Ry gene. Indeed, the real-time PCR result showed that the Ry gene up-regulated to 3 times higher in PVYO infected cv. Golden valley. Golden crude protein was found to be active against PVYO infection in the in vivo test. In addition, application of potide-G in a virus susceptible potato potently reduced the viral infection actively with 50 times lower concentration than that of the Golden protein. Further identification of a host-specific resistant gene in a plant and the peptide derived from it offers new opportunities for the development of novel bio-pesticides against plant virus.  相似文献   

20.
Maca (Lepidium meyenii) has been used as a food in Peru for thousands of years. More recently a wide array of commercial maca products have gained popularity as dietary supplements, with claims of anabolic and aphrodisiac effects, although the biologically active principles are not fully known. In an earlier chemical investigation, two new alkamides and a novel fatty acid, as well as the N-hydroxypyridine derivative, macaridine, were isolated from L. meyenii. Further examination has led to the isolation of five additional new alkamides, namely, N-benzyl-9-oxo-12Z-octadecenamide (1), N-benzyl-9-oxo-12Z,15Z-octadecadienamide (2), N-benzyl-13-oxo-9E,11E-octadecadienamide (3), N-benzyl-15Z-tetracosenamide (4), and N-(m-methoxybenzyl)hexadecanamide (5). Their structures were established by spectrometric and spectroscopic methods including ESI-HRMS, EI-MS, (1)H, (13)C, and 2D NMR, as well as (1)H-(15)N 2D HMBC experiments. In addition, the identity of N-benzyl-15Z-tetracosenamide (4) was confirmed by synthesis. These compounds have been found from only L. meyenii and could be used as markers for authentication and standardization.  相似文献   

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