复合改良剂对镉污染土壤中小白菜品质的影响

以复合改良剂为试材,以小白菜为研究对象,采用盆栽试验方法,种植在人工配置的不同程度镉污染土壤中(2、4、25、50、100mg/kg),研究不同浓度复合改良剂(0、600、900、1 200mg/kg)对土壤有机质、pH值、小白菜可食部位镉含量和营养品质的影响。结果表明:施用900mg/kg复合改良剂可使镉污染土壤有机质含量提高12.36%~72.24%,但对土壤pH值无显著影响。施用复合改良剂可明显提高小白菜安全性和营养品质,5个镉处理小白菜可食部位镉含量降低32.04%~44.87%,维生素C含量增加10.73%~48.62%,可溶性糖含量提高10.37%~59.52%,粗纤维含量降低11.53%~28.10%。因此,复合改良剂能够用于重金属污染土壤的原位修复,推荐其适宜用量为900mg/kg。     

不同氮钾用量对设施西瓜产量和品质的影响

以西瓜为试材,通过不同氮钾用量试验,研究了不同肥料用量对西瓜生长发育、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:在一定范围内,随着氮用量的上升,西瓜产量增加。当每667m~2氮用量达到10kg以后,西瓜产量开始呈下降趋势;钾对提升西瓜品质有较大作用,高钾处理(每667m~2施用16kg K_2O)比低钾处理(每667m~2施用14kg K_2O)糖酸比提高4.57%~6.27%。该试验条件下每667m2氮、钾推荐用量分别为6.73kg和16kg。     

不同肥料对东魁杨梅果实的影响研究

以东魁杨梅为试材,开展不同肥料时杨梅果实品质的影响试验.结果表明:喷施康壮素叶面肥可以提高果实品质,浓度为45 mg/L时效果最好,还原糖、总糖和可溶性固形物分别比对照(清水)高0.91、0.70和1.8个百分点;有机无机杨梅专用肥(有机质≥20%,N+P2O5+K2O≥15%)可显著提高果实品质,分春肥和采后肥两次各株施4 kg,果实总糖、还原糖和可溶性固形物分别比传统施肥(采后株施K2SO4 0.75 kg)提高1.15、0.67和1.0个百分点;施用有机肥可以改善果实品质,增加叶片叶绿素含量和百叶重,提高土壤有机质含量.     

砧木对嫁接西瓜生长发育、产量和品质的影响

西瓜嫁接栽培是克服西瓜重茬障碍、预防西瓜枯萎病、提高产量的一项有效措施,而适宜的嫁接砧木是提高嫁接成活率、保证西瓜品质和产量的关键因素〔1〕。本试验通过调查不同砧木嫁接京欣1号西瓜后砧木对西瓜生长发育、抗病性、产量和品质等的影响,以期为筛选西瓜嫁接栽培适宜的砧木提供参考。1材料与方法1.1供试材料供试砧木:京欣砧1号、京欣砧2号、新土佐(北京京研益农科技发展中心提供)和豫砧60A、丰源铁甲(郑州丰源西瓜蔬菜研究所提供);供试接穗品种为京欣1号西瓜(北京京研益农科技发展中心提供)。其中京欣砧1号、豫砧60A为瓠瓜型砧木,京…     

不同有机肥对早春大棚嫁接西瓜产量及品质的影响

施用有机肥,能增加土壤有机质含量,改良土壤理化性状,是提高西瓜产量和品质的有效措施之一[1]。但目前市售有机肥种类很多,为选择肥效好、成本低、使用方便的加工型有机肥在生产上推广应用,我们2005年在青珠农场毛国庆农户处进行了不同有机肥对嫁接西瓜产量及品质影响的效果试验,为生产上推广加工型有机肥提供科学依据。一、试验设计共设5个处理,以每667m2成本100元确定肥料用量,各处理施肥量见表1,以无机三元复合肥(挪威)作为对照,各处理面积667m2,不设重复,随机排列。二、试验经过供试土壤为淡塘泥土,试验肥料在3月3日作为基肥施用(翻耕时…     

九隆升微生物肥料的应用效果初报

随着长时间大量地使用化肥,作物品质及土壤肥力不同程度地下降。而微生物肥料含有特定的有益微生物及活性物质,具有提高作物品质、改善土壤肥力的作用。为此,我们从北京九隆升公司引入微生物肥料,并在海涂辣椒、西瓜大棚中进行应用试验,现将试验结果简介如下。一、材料与方法1.供试土壤 供试土壤为瑞安市飞云江农场第四分场的海涂蔬菜大棚土壤,其有机质含量为1.53 %、速效氮88 mg/kg、速效磷16 mg/kg、速效钾160 mg/kg,pH值为8.04。2.供试菌肥 为北京九隆升微生物资源开发有限公司提供的微生物菌剂(种子秧苗专用型)及微生物有机肥料(有机…     

基于主成分分析法的日光温室秋茬西瓜品质评价

为筛选出适宜日光温室秋茬种植的小果型西瓜品种,为西瓜优质高效栽培及品种推广提供科学依据,选择14个小果型西瓜品种,开展生长势、果实品质、产量对比试验,对果实外观及品质进行人工品鉴,并利用主成分分析法建立了品质评价模型。结果表明：基于主成分分析法,西瓜品质排名前3的品种为锦霞八号、京彩2号和京彩3号,人工品鉴前3位的品种为锦霞八号、京彩1号、京彩3号;改良京彩3号产量最高,667 m²产量3 294.5 kg;锦霞八号和京彩3号可溶性固形物含量高(13.7%、12.1%),糖酸比适中(41.26、48.93),粗纤维含量低(0.03%、0.03%),可溶性蛋白含量高(0.63%、0.54%)、VC含量丰富(0.776、0.897mg/kg)。改良京彩3号、橙肉4k和冰淇淋皇后3个品种产量较高,可为温室秋冬茬高产种植提供参考,锦霞八号、京彩3号2个品种外观性状、口感风味、果实营养品质等综合性状优良,可在温室秋冬茬栽培中作为高品质礼品西瓜大面积推广种植。     

生物有机冲施肥对西瓜生长和果实品质的影响

以西瓜(品种欣大)为供试材料,采用田间试验的方法,研究了生物有机冲施肥对西瓜生长和果实品质的影响.结果表明:施用生物有机冲施肥明显促进了西瓜的营养生长和生殖生长,瓜藤粗壮,叶片大而多,光合面积大,生长旺盛,地上部生物量大;增加了果实的横径和纵径,单瓜重显著提高,产量大幅度提高,比对照和常规施肥分别增产40%和11%.施用生物有机冲施肥明显改善了西瓜果实的品质,可溶性糖含量、可溶性固形物含量以及Vc含量均比对照和常规施肥的高,硝态氮含量显著低于常规施肥.生物有机冲施肥减少了炭疽病、枯萎病和蔓枯病的发生,有效提高了西瓜的抗病性.     

科技文摘

正复合改良剂对镉污染土壤中小白菜品质的影响以复合改良剂为试材,以小白菜为研究对象,采用盆栽试验方法,种植在人工配置的不同程度镉污染土壤中(2、4、25、50、100…mg/kg),研究不同浓度复合改良剂(0、600、900、1…200…mg/kg)对土壤有机质、p H值、小白菜可食部位镉含量和营养品质的影响。结果表明:施用900…mg/kg复合改良剂     

有机无机肥混施对设施栽培西瓜产量和品质的影响

试验以当地主栽西瓜品种庆发特早红和京欣2号为试材,分析比较了5种施肥方式对西瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明,667m2施用正光生态有机肥50kg+硫酸钾型复合肥25kg的处理4西瓜产量最高,667m2产量分别为4517、4620kg,667m2施用正光生态有机肥100kg的处理2中心可溶性固形物含量最高,分别为13.5%和13.8%。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。