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1.
1.长度:m(米)、cm(厘米)、mm(毫米) 2.面积:m2(平方米)、667m2(亩)、hm2(公顷)  相似文献   

2.
The hydrolysis and photolysis of clomazone in aqueous solutions and natural water were assessed under natural and controlled conditions. Kinetics of hydrolysis and photolysis of clomazone were determined by HPLC-DAD. Photoproducts were identiifed by HPLC-MS. No noticeable hydrolysis occurred in aqueous buffer solutions ((25±2)°C, pH (4.5±0.1), pH (7.4±0.1), pH (9.0±0.1);(50±2)°C, pH (4.5±0.1), pH (7.4±0.1)) or in natural water up to 90 d. At pH (9.0±0.1) and (50±2)°C the half-life of clomazone was 50.2 d. Clomazone photodecomposition rate in aqueous solutions under UV radiation and natural sunlight followed ifrst-order kinetics. Degradation rates were faster under UV light (half-life of 51-59 min) compared to sunlight (half-life of 87-136 d). Under UV light, four major photoproducts were detected and tentatively identiifed according to HPLC-MS spectral information such as 2-chlorobenzamide, N-hydroxy-(2-benzyl)-2-methylpropan-amide, 2-[2-phenol]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone and 2-[(4,6-dihydroxyl-2-chlorine phenol)]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone. These results suggested that clomazone photodegradation proceeds via several reaction pathways:1) dehalogenation;2) substitution of chlorine group by hydroxyl;3) cleavage of the side chain. Photosensitizers, such as H2O2 and ribolfavin, could enhance photolysis of clomazone in natural sunlight. In summary, we found that photoreaction is an important dissipation pathway of clomazone in natural water systems.  相似文献   

3.
Long-term continuous cropping of soybean (Glycine max), spring wheat (Triticum aesativum) and maize (Zea mays) is widely practiced by local farmers in northeast China. A field experiment (started in 1991) was used to investigate the differences in soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions under continuous cropping of the three major crops and to evaluate the relationships between CO2 fluxes and soil temperature and moisture for Mollisols in northeast China. Soil CO2 emissions were measured using a closed-chamber method during the growing season in 2011. No remarkable differences in soil organic carbon were found among the cropping systems (P〉0.05). However, significant differences in CO2 emissions from soils were observed among the three cropping systems (P〈0.05). Over the course of the entire growing season, cumulative soil CO2 emissions under different cropping systems were in the following order: continuous maize ((829±10) g CO2 m2)〉continuous wheat ((629±22) g CO2 m^2)〉continuous soybean ((474±30) g CO2 m-2). Soil temperature explained 42-65% of the seasonal variations in soil CO2 flux, with a Q10 between 1.63 and 2.31; water-filled pore space explained 25-47% of the seasonal variations in soil CO2 flux. A multiple regression model including both soil temperature (T, ~C) and water-filled pore space (W, %), log(])=a+bT log(W), was established, accounting for 51-66% of the seasonal variations in soil CO2 flux. The results suggest that soil CO2 emissions and their Q10 values under a continuous cropping system largely depend on crop types in Mollisols of Northeast China.  相似文献   

4.
二氧化碳(CO2)和氧化亚氮(N2O)是重要的温室气体,森林土壤是其主要排放源。采用静态箱/气相色谱分析技术对中国科学院鹤山丘陵综合开放试验站尾叶桉Eucalyptus urophylla纯林(EUp),厚荚相思Acacia crassicarpa纯林(ACp),10个树种混交林(Tp)和30个树种混交林(THp)等4种林型的土壤CO2和N2O排放通量进行了原位测定,研究纯林和混交林对土壤温室气体排放的影响。结果表明:CO2和N2O排放通量季节波动幅度较大;4个林型土壤CO2和N2O通量在湿季均维持较高水平;通量峰值均出现在湿季,旱季则明显降低,且相对稳定。由于EUp和ACp纯林土壤微生物碳(microbial biomass carbon,MBC)比混交林高,导致EUp(130.67 mg.m-2.h-1)和ACp(134.65 mg.m-2.h-1)土壤CO2通量显著高于Tp(111.39 mg.m-2.h-1)和THp(108.53 mg.m-2.h-1)。在4种林型中,尾叶桉对土壤NO3-N吸收快速,土壤N2O排放通量最低,达12.45μg.m-2.h-1。土壤温度、土壤湿度、MBC和呼吸底物[NO3-N和土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)]都是影响土壤CO2和N2O通量的重要因子。图2表3参29  相似文献   

5.
采用RT—PCR技术,设计简并上、下游引物,从禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi(Linnaeus))和麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae (Fabricius))中均克隆出2种不同乙酰胆碱酯酶的cDNA片段,分别命名为Rp.acel、Rp.ace2和Sa.acel、Sa.ace2。同源性分析结果表明,Rp.acel、Sa.acel与棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)和桃蚜(Myzus persicae)的Ⅰ型乙酰胆碱酯酶(Acel)基因序列具有96%以上的相似性,Rp.ace2和Sa.ace2与棉蚜和桃蚜的Ⅱ型乙酰胆碱酯酶(Ace2)以及从麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)中克隆出的乙酰胆碱酯酶基因序列具有95%以上的相似性。说明禾谷缢管蚜和麦长管蚜体内都存在2种乙酰胆碱酯酶基因,而且预示蚜虫体内可能普遍存在2种不同的乙酰胆碱酯酶基因,这2种基因都具有相应的功能。  相似文献   

6.
Two mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss.) cultivars, Pusa Jai Kisan and SS2 differing in cadmium (Cd) tolerance were treated with 0, 25 and 50 umol L-1 Cd to study the physiological basis of difference in Cd tolerance. Cultivar SS2 (Cd sensitive) accumulated greater Cd in leaves than Pusa Jai Kisan (Cd tolerant). Further, SS2 also exhibited higher contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and H2O2 and electrolyte leakage. However, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reduetase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR) were higher in Pusa Jai Kisan than those in SS2. Contrarily, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was higher in SS2 than that in Pusa Jai Kisan and was the greatest at 25 umol L-1 Cd. Treatment of 25 umol L-1 Cd induced the maximum activity of enzymes. However, the activity of GR increased up to 50 umol L-1 Cd in both the cultivars. The non-enzymatic antioxidants ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) were higher in Pusa Jai Kisan than that in SS2, whereas dehydroascorbate (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were higher in SS2. Photosynthesis and growth were adversely and maximally decreased by 50 umol L-1 Cd treatment in both the cultivars, but SS2 exhibited greater reductions. The protection of photosynthesis and growth and lesser reduction in Pusa Jai Kisan were associated with its capacity to restrict accumulation of Cd in leaves resulting in lower level of TBARS and H2O2 and electrolyte leakage. Moreover, Pusa Jai Kisan exhibited efficient antioxidant metabolism for removal of Cd-induced reactive oxygen species.  相似文献   

7.
在水热条件下采用硝酸铜和2,4,6-三甲基吡啶为原料合成了两个新的配合物[Cu4(2,4,6-opyta)2(H2O)8](1)和[Cu4(2,4,6-opyta)2(H2O)6].2H2O(2),并对配合物的结构进行了X-射线单晶衍射分析.结果表明,两配合物互为超分子异构体,结构中都包含有[Cu2(2,4,6-opyta)2]基本单元,且均结晶于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,其晶胞参数分别为a=7.008 8(9),b=8.055 0(10),c=10.979 0(10),α=73.419(2)°,β=87.934(2)°,γ=85.127(2)°,V=591.86(12)3和a=6.980 2(7),b=7.067 6(7),c=13.234 6(14),α=82.698(2)°,β=76.977(2)°,γ=79.960(2)°,V=623.74(11)3.  相似文献   

8.
在乙醇-水混合体系中合成了1,10-菲啰啉(phen)的三种稀土配合物Nd(phen)(CH3COO)2(NO3)(1),Eu(phen)2(NO3)3(2),Ho(phen)2(NO3)3(3).采用TG-DTG和DTA技术研究了配合物在静态氮气中的热分解过程,并用Achar法和Coats-Redfern法对各配合物的非等温热力学数据进行了分析,推断出各反应的热分解反应机理及热分解反应动力学方程式,计算出了其表观活化能(E)和指前因子的对数值(lnA).  相似文献   

9.
考虑非线性高阶多点边值问题x(n)(t)=f(t,x(t),x'(t),…,x(n-1)(t))+e(t),t∈(0,1),x(i)(0)=0,i=0,1,…,n-2,x(n-2)(1)=∑m-2j=1βjx(n-2)(ηj{)解的存在性,这里f:[0,1]×n→是连续函数,e(t)∈L1[0,1],βj(j=1,2,…,m-2)为符号不全相同的实数,0〈η1〈η2〈…〈ηm-2〈1.利用Mawhin连续性定理对于上述共振条件下的非线性n阶多点边值问题建立了解的存在性结果.  相似文献   

10.
Many studies have focused on various agricultural management measures to reduce agricultural nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. However, few studies have investigated soil N2O emissions in intercropping systems in the North China Plain. Thus, we conducted a ifeld experiment to compare N2O emissions under monoculture and maize-legume intercropping systems. In 2010, ifve treatments, including monocultured maize (M), maize-peanut (MP), maize-alfalfa (MA), maize-soybean (MS), and maize-sweet clover (MSC) intercropping were designed to investigate this issue using the static chamber technique. In 2011, M, MP, and MS remained, and monocultured peanuts (P) and soybean (S) were added to the trial. The results showed that total production of N2O from different treatments ranged from (0.87±0.12) to (1.17±0.11) kg ha-1 in 2010, while those ranged from (3.35±0.30) to (9.10±2.09) kg ha-1 in 2011. MA and MSC had no signiifcant effect on soil N2O production compared to that of M (P<0.05). Cumulative N2O emissions from MP in 2010 were signiifcantly lower than those from M, but the result was the opposite in 2011 (P<0.05). MS signiifcantly reduced soil N2O emissions by 25.55 and 48.84%in 2010 and 2011, respectively (P<0.05). Soil N2O emissions were signiifcantly correlated with soil water content, soil temperature, nitriifcation potential, soil NH4+, and soil NO3-content (R2=0.160-0.764, P<0.01). A stepwise linear regression analysis indicated that soil N2O release was mainly controlled by the interaction between soil moisture and soil NO3-content (R2=0.828, P<0.001). These results indicate that MS had a coincident effect on soil N2O lfux and signiifcantly reduced soil N2O production compared to that of M over two growing seasons.  相似文献   

11.
通过反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT?鄄PCR)结合如cDNA末端快速克隆(RACE)技术从光皮桦Betula luminifera中克隆到1个FT类似基因,命名为BlFTL。该基因cDNA全长为924 bp(GenBank登录号:JQ951966),包含1个525 bp的开放阅读框(116~640 bp),编码1个含174个氨基酸的蛋白,且具有FT蛋白典型的磷脂酰乙醇胺结合蛋白(PEBP)结构域。与已有部分植物中FT蛋白同源比对结果显示,BlFTL与无花果Ficus carica中FcFT序列相似性最高,达到了94%。4月为光皮桦开花期,雌花中BlFTL基因的表达量最高,茎和叶片中表达量很低。比较正常开花和不开花无性系植株嫩茎和叶片在不同时间BlFTL基因的表达情况,结果表明:BlFTL在不开花无性系植株中基本不表达,而正常开花植株中,BlFTL主要在雌花序和混合芽形成的8月以后表达。图8参13  相似文献   

12.
以阿维菌素、竹焦油为活性成分,白蜡绵粉蚧Phenacoccus kaxinus和臭椿沟眶象Eucryptorrhynchus brandti为供试靶标害虫,选用体积分数为2%的阿维菌素乳油、50%竹焦油乳油和80%竹焦油钾盐水剂等3种杀虫剂为供试药剂,分别在白蜡Fraxinus chinensis和千头椿Ailanthus altissimaQiantou树上进行林间活性试验。试验共设5个处理,3次重复,分别于药后3,7,14 d调查防效。结果表明:3种药剂对白蜡绵粉蚧的防效均在65%以上,其中体积分数为50%的竹焦油乳油效果最佳,防效高达90.13%,与对照药剂体积分数为50%辛硫磷乳油无显著性差异;3种药剂对臭椿沟眶象的最高防效均出现在药后14 d左右,其中体积分数为2%的阿维菌素乳油和体积分数为50%竹焦油乳油最高防效分别为71.71%和77.55%,与对照药剂的73.99%无显著性差异,但体积分数为80%竹焦油水剂在P<0.01水平上与对照药剂有极显著差异。证实体积分数为50%竹焦油乳油作为杀虫、驱虫剂的开发研究有一定的前景。表2参9  相似文献   

13.
分析施硅对干旱胁迫下雷竹Phyllostachys violascens生理生化性状的影响,探讨施硅对雷竹抗旱性的影响机制。采用水培实验的方法,以聚乙二醇(PEG 6000)模拟干旱胁迫,外加不同浓度的硅,测定它们对雷竹叶片可溶性糖质量分数、脯氨酸质量分数、过氧化物酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性及光合参数等指标的影响。研究表明:干旱胁迫下,与对照相比,不施硅处理雷竹叶片可溶性糖、脯氨酸质量分数及过氧化物酶活性分别上升至487.89 molg-1,57.52 gg-1和178.125 molg-1min-1分别高出对照59.00%,38.47%和32.56%,过氧化氢酶活性下降至56.11 molg-1min-1,低于对照18.3%,光合作用显著受到抑制。施硅处理雷竹叶片可溶性糖、脯氨酸及过氧化物酶活性较不施硅处理雷竹叶片的显著降低,与处理2(PEG 6000)相比,处理3[PEG 6000+1.8 mmolL-1 Si(二氧化硅)]分别降低了50.31%,35.94%和50.88%;处理4[PEG 6000+5.4 mmolL-1 Si]分别降低了43.69%,44.77%和68.42%。同时,过氧化氢酶活性显著上升,与处理2(PEG 6000)相比,处理3上升21.91%;处理4上升25.87%,光合参数显著增强。干旱胁迫条件下施硅处理可以提高雷竹的抗旱性。图4表1参26  相似文献   

14.
采用种子萌发法对浙江天目山柳杉Cryptomeria fortunei凋落物的自毒作用进行了研究,以探究这种凋落物的自毒作用对柳杉天然更新障碍的影响。结果表明,柳杉凋落物及其表层土壤浸提液在质量体积比为1 ∶ 10时,对柳杉种子萌发具有抑制作用。随着浸提液比例的降低(1 ∶ 100),抑制作用减弱,甚至消失(1 ∶ 250)。自毒作用强度为未分解凋落物>半分解凋落物>表层土壤。而且未分解凋落物浸提液的化感作用强度随着样品含水率的增大而增强。通过高效液相色谱仪测定发现,柳杉凋落物和表层土壤中均含有酚酸类化感物质阿魏酸、肉桂酸和对羟基苯甲酸,而且未分解凋落物中的这3种物质的含量均是最高的。综合推测,这3种化感物质主要来自于未分解的柳杉凋落物。图2表4参22  相似文献   

15.
采用盆栽试验,装风干土2.5 kg盆-1,研究了不同施磷水平对1年生杨桐Cleyera japonica苗木各项生长、生理指标及叶片含磷量的影响。结果表明:①施磷(P2O5)量在0 ~ 0.500 g盆-1范围内,杨桐各项生长、生理指标均随施磷量的增加而增加。当施磷量超过0.500 g盆-1后,各项生长、生理指标均表现下降趋势。②杨桐苗木叶片全磷含量,在适量的供磷范围内随施磷量的增加而增加,含磷量最高出现在0.500 g盆-1,超过此值后,随施磷量的增加而逐渐下降。③杨桐苗木各项生长指标与施磷量之间存在二次函数关系。综合本试验条件下各处理杨桐苗木施肥生长及生理效应可知,杨桐苗期最佳施磷量为0.441 ~ 0.603 g盆-1。图2表5参11  相似文献   

16.
以铺地竹Sasa argenteastriatus侧芽为材料,研究其试管繁殖技术。结果表明:铺地竹最佳增殖培养基为MS(Murashige and Skoog) + 3.0 mgL-1BA(6-苄基腺嘌呤),增殖系数为5.26;最佳生根培养基为MS + 5.0 mgL-1IBA(吲哚丁酸);试管苗移栽到泥炭、蛭石、珍珠岩体积配制比例为1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1的基质中,成活效果高达95%。图2表2参15  相似文献   

17.
采用核酸电泳缓冲液(TNE)结合十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)提取的高质量楠木Phoebe基因组脱氧核糖核苷酸(DNA)可满足扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)分析的要求。利用浙江楠Phoebe chekiangensis基因组DNA优化建立楠木AFLP反应体系如下:酶切反应300 ng基因组DNA,0.3 L缓冲液4,0.3 L牛血清白蛋白(100 BSA),50 nkat EcoR,25 nkat Mse,双蒸水加至30.0 L放置37 ℃恒温箱酶切4 h,聚合酶链式反应(PCR)仪上65 ℃15 min;连接反应20.0 L酶切产物,2.5 L T4缓冲液,666.8 nkat T4 连接酶,5 pmol EcoR接头,10 pmol Mse接头,双蒸水加至25.0 L,16 ℃连接过夜(10 ~14 h);预扩增反应2.0 L连接产物,2.0 L 10 缓冲液,31.25 nmol镁离子,16.67 nkat TaqDNA聚合酶,4 pmol脱氧核糖核苷三磷酸(dNTP),预扩增引物(E+A,M+C)各6 pmol,双蒸水加至20.0 L;选扩增反应稀释40倍的预扩产物2.0 L,2.0 L 10缓冲液,31.25 nmol镁离子,4 pmol dNTP,16.67 nkat TaqDNA聚合酶,选扩增引物(M+CNN)15 pmol,选扩增引物(E+ANN)12 pmol,双蒸水加至20.0 L。利用上面体系在64对选扩引物中筛出13对适于浙江楠AFLP分析的最佳引物组合。图5表3参24  相似文献   

18.
为了研究毛竹Phyllostachys edulis快速生长期光合固碳特征及其与主要生态因子的关系,利用Li?鄄6400光合仪测定不同年龄(Ⅰ度竹、Ⅱ度竹、Ⅲ度竹)的毛竹在其快速生长不同时期(前期、中期、后期)的光响应曲线及生态因子(光照强度、气温、大气相对湿度、大气二氧化碳摩尔分数、胞间二氧化碳摩尔分数、气孔导度)。结果表明:①毛竹在快速生长的不同时期、不同竹龄叶片的光合固碳能力的变化特征归纳为:快速生长前期是老竹高于新竹(Ⅱ度竹最高,Ⅲ度竹次之,Ⅰ度竹最低);而快速生长的中期和后期则为新竹高于老竹(Ⅰ度竹最高,Ⅱ度竹次之,Ⅲ度竹最低)。②在快速生长的不同时期,不同竹龄叶片的光合固碳能力的动态变化规律差异显著(P<0.05),新竹(Ⅰ度竹)的光合固碳能力在其快速生长期逐渐升高,而老竹(Ⅱ度竹和Ⅲ度竹)的光合固碳能力则都是中期最低,前期和后期较高,同时Ⅱ度竹均高于Ⅲ度竹。③毛竹在快速生长期,对毛竹叶片光合固碳能力的影响因子由大到小依次为:胞间二氧化碳摩尔分数>气孔导度>光照强度>大气二氧化碳摩尔分数>气温>大气相对湿度。经相关性分析得出,光照强度、气温、大气相对湿度、气孔导度与净光合速率(Pn)呈正相关,大气二氧化碳摩尔分数和胞间二氧化碳摩尔分数与净光合速率呈负相关。图3表1参18  相似文献   

19.
以金雀花Caragana sinica茎段为材料,通过不同植物生长调节物质种类和质量浓度进行单因素设计,建立金雀花的组织培养再生体系,为金雀花的组织快繁提供技术指导。结果表明:用1.0 gL-1的氯化汞(HgCl2)浸泡灭菌10 min为宜;初代培养宜选用培养基MS(Murashige and Skoog)+2.0 mgL-1 6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)+0.2 mgL-1萘乙酸(NAA);最佳增殖培养基为MS中添加0.5 mgL-1苯基噻二唑基脲(TDZ),诱导形成5~6个丛生芽,将嫩茎接种在添加0.5 mgL-1NAA的MS培养基中,生根率为86.7%。图1表3参11  相似文献   

20.
温州光唇鱼线粒体基因组结构及系统发育分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用已公布的鱼类线粒体基因组全序列,设计8对引物扩增、测定并注释温州光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus wenchowensis)线粒体基因组(GenBank登录号:KC_495074)。序列全长16 591 bp,包括13个蛋白质基因、22个tRNA基因、2个rRNA基因和1个非编码区,各基因的位置及组成与已公布的鲤科鱼类一致;37个基因中,1个蛋白质编码基因(ND6)和8个tRNA基因(tRNAGln、tRNAAla、tRNAAsn、tRNACys、tRNATyr、tRNASer(UCN)、tRNAGlu和tRNAPro)由L链编码,其余的均由H链编码。A、T、G、C碱基组成分别为30.92%、24.86%、16.41%、27.81%;除tRNASer(AGN)外,其它21个tRNA的二级结构均具有典型的三叶草结构;13个蛋白编码基因中,除COⅠ起始密码子为GTG外,其余均以ATG为起始密码子,而COⅡ、ND4和Cytb基因的终止密码子为不完整的T,其它10个基因均具有完整的终止密码子。利用鲤科共17属18种线粒体基因组13个蛋白质基因的氨基酸序列,从线粒体基因组水平探讨了温州光唇鱼在鲤科鱼类中的系统进化地位,为光唇鱼属乃至鲤科鱼类的系统分类学研究提供基础资料。  相似文献   

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