Journal of Shandong Agricultural Administrators＇ College English Summary No.6,2010

Discussing the Issues of Agriculture, Farmer and Rural Area in the Framework of Scientific Outlook on Development Kai Wang Abstract： Issues of agriculture, farmers and rural area have become the key point as well as the bottleneck to build a well-off society in an all-around way. Since the founding of PRChina, the issues of agriculture, farmers and rural have come through with the period of free flowing between urban and rural／urban and rural segregation period and urban and rural interacts period. Although the issues in the different period do not perform exactly in the same way, they have the deep theory and practical logic. It is right that the accumulation of the history problems that makes the issues the top priority. The perspective of scientific outlook on development extends the cognition boundary of the issues, which, at the same, provides us with the methodology guidance. Therefore, to solve the agriculture farmer and rural area problems, we should carry out the perspective of scientific outlook on development, take development as the first task for our party, insist in people oriented, strike the balance between urban and rural, insist in unified accumulation of rural economic development and all-around coordinate and sustainable development.     

Coordinating rural-urban education and institution innovation

In order to implement the spirit of the Sixteenth National People's Congress to accelerate development of rural education, deepen reform of rural education,guarantee a well-off society,and harmonize rural and urban development,coordinating rural- urban education is the key to China's development.At present,the rural-urban coordinating education is influenced by many factors, including rural-urban income difference,rural-urban educational resources difference,rural-urban background difference,and rural- urban institutional difference.In order to realize the coordinating development of rural-urban education,we need innovation in"Hukou" institution,land institution,financial institution and rural education institution.Institution innovation would be the guarantee to the coordinating rural-urban education.     

Journal of Shandong Agricultural Administrators＇ COllege English Summary No.1,2010

An Analysis on the Complex Network of Rural Population Mobility in the Process of Balancing Urban -rural Development： a proof from Nanmuofang Village Zong Gang Sun Wei Ren Rong Abstract： The objective of balancing urban and rural development in Chaoyang Dictrict, Beijing is to realize the urbanization of the farmers identification. There will be a flow of the rural population in this process. It includes household registration changes and the changes that the living space of farmers changes from the scattered villages into the urban area. Our methodology is social network method from three perspectives： social network density, centrality and subgroup cohesion. By so doing,     

Issues of Expansion of China Rural Resident Consumption

The international financial crisis on our economic development resulted in the inevitable impact on Chinese economy. In order to get rid of the impact, the expansion of domestic demand has been a crucial means of steady economic growth in China. However, the farmers over seven million account for a large proportion should be the main consumers in China. On the contrary, the current lack of domestic demand in China, which is mainly in rural consumption, is the lack of the critical issues of our efforts to expand domestic demand. This paper clarified the factors restricting China rural residents’ consumption demand expansion, and on this basis explored the expansion of rural residents’ consumption demand countermeasures. Empirical analysis was used to prove the low level of income of rural residents’ constraints, and also to expose the fact that social security system was imperfect. Meanwhile, rural infrastructure restricted the consumption level of rural residents. The consumer market is an effective way to improve rural residents’ consumption demand.     

Do Improvements of living standards lead to growth of obesity? Evidence from Chinese adults

This study estimates the impacts of income on body mass indices(BMIs) of male and female adults from both urban and rural areas in China under the neoclassic theory of obesity, using China Health and Nutrition Survey data during 1991–2011.Results of this study show that incomes has a significant inverted U-shaped impact on weight for both urban and rural males while having a negative effect on weight for urban females and positive effect on BMI for rural female, suggesting that further income growth is expected to lead to continuing growth of obesity for both urban and rural male adults as well as for rural female adults. Moreover, the strenuousness of physical activity, which is represented by types of jobs, significantly reduced the BMI for all adults except for urban females, implying that a decrease in the strenuousness of physical activity stemming from economic development and technological changes is an important factor leading to the growth of obesity for all adults and rural female adults.     

Paths out of poverty: International experience

The global community has committed, as the first priority of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs), to end poverty in all its forms everywhere. While the decline of global poverty continues, progress has slowed and remains uneven through different parts of the world. To ensure that no one is left behind in China and beyond, research will be critical to inform paths out of poverty. In this regard, it is valuable to take stock of international experiences and the various pathways out of poverty with a focus on agriculture. Africa's agricultural growth has been largely driven by land expansion and poverty reduction has been the slowest among all regions. South Asia agriculture has been led by diversification of smallholder agriculture and its poverty reduction impact has been large, but its future poverty reduction is limited by rural–urban migration and lack of formal jobs in urban centers. Social protection programs have been used by many Latin American countries as the region is more urbanized than any other developing regions. China's agricultural and economic success was driven by agriculture-led reforms and rural development. These changes brought significantly higher incomes among rural residents, which accounted for highest initial levels of poverty and hunger, and in increased availability of food at affordable prices. Investments in nutrition, health, education, clean water, and good sanitation also complemented progress. The foremost lesson is that smallholder-led agriculture growth in land scarce countries often have the largest impact on poverty reduction. Secondly, nonfarm employment and rural–urban migration must follow once agricultural productivity has reached a certain level. However, premature exiting from agriculture can do more harm. Thirdly, even before large scale poverty reduction through sectoral and regional development is exhausted, social safety nets must be established to cover those who have not benefited from growth and development. Productive social safety nets have proven to be cost-effective in many countries. Urban poverty should also be part of the protection scheme when large proportion of rural population moves to cities.     

Research on the Development of Economy and Farmers＇ Income Growth in Heilongjiang Province

Nowadays, increasing farmers＇ income is not only related to the development of rural economy, the improvement of farmers＇ lives and countryside stability but also related to the overall situation of economy and social development. Heilongjiang is a big agricultural province, however, the increase of farmers＇ per capital net income is rather slow in the last few years. On the basis of Lewis dual economic structure theory and our province＇s actual situation, the paper proposed the concrete countermeasures to increase farmers＇ income, so as to promote the development of economy.     

Benign Interaction Between Rural Information Service and Farmers＇ Income

Based on the improvement of interactive relationship between rural information service system and farmers＇ income, accompanied by the serious restriction to its mutual promotion caused by such problems as asymmetric information, focusing on introduction of rural information service infrastructure while ignored the application of them, shortage of human resource on information and so on, this paper proposed corresponding measures respectively to promote the benign interaction development between rural information service and farmers＇ income.     

The effects of social security expenditure on reducing income inequality and rural poverty in China

Social security has, as one of its primary aims, the provision of financial support to those deemed to be poor or facing the threat of poverty. Based on China's national statistical data covering social insurance, social assistance, and social welfare between the period 1978–2018, this paper evaluates the effect of social security expenditure in reducing income inequality and rural poverty with cointegration analysis. It was found that there is a positive correlation between social security expenditure and the income gap of urban and rural residents in the long run, but the effect is very limited; nearly 99% of the changes of the urban–rural income gap come from its own contributions. Further research also shows that the elasticity of rural poverty incidence to social security expenditure is –0.2255, which indicates social security expenditure helps reduce rural absolute poverty. Based on these findings, the policy implications can be that much social security expenditure and a more equitable social security system should be encouraged. It will become one of the major anti-poverty strategies after 2020 in China when we win the battle against absolute poverty.     

Study on development of circular agriculture in Beijing＇s mountainous areas

Circular agriculture is an inevitable course to realize positive cycle of ecology and harmonious development of rural areas. Beijing＇s mountainous areas depend on the background and orientation of ecological economy for sustainable development. It is of great significance to explore the development of the circular agriculture in the mountainous areas to facilitate sustainable use of agriculture resources. Beijing＇s mountainous areas have accumulated considerable experiences in boosting the circular agriculture. By summarizing the modes of circular agriculture in mountainous areas and analyzing their actual practices, the paper proposes we need to give high priority to strengthening publicity efforts, giving full play to resources advantages of mountainous areas, and establishing a management mechanism and operation mechanism to promote the development of circular agriculture in Beijing.     

中国城乡居民食用植物油消费的实证分析

本文以扩展线性支出系统模型为分析手段,利用90年代以来中国城乡人均收入及食用植物油消费数据,阐释了城乡居民食用植物油的消费状况及消费结构,分品种计算了中国城乡居民年人均植物油消费量。进而在分析城乡居民食用植物油三种需求弹性的基础上。揭示了各品种植物油的消费特征与趋势,并着重对城乡消费做了比较研究。     

中国农村居民医疗保险差异及其生活态度研究——基于中国综合社会调查数据

以2006年实施的全国综合社会调查数据为依据,分析了我国农村居民享受医疗保险的现状以及在不同类型农村与医疗保险享受之间的关系。结果表明,尽管新型农村合作医疗已开展了3年,但仍有超过50%的农村居民不能享受到医疗保险,那些拥有城市户口、身处平原和东部地区的农村居民相对来说更容易获得医疗保险。另外,那些享受到医疗保险的农村居民更容易表示对生活的满意,更容易生活幸福。同时,农村居民也都希望政府进一步加大对农村医疗保险的支持力度。     

贵州省农民收入状况实证分析

依据2000～2009年贵州省农村居民人均纯收入数据,从农民收入及构成状况、城乡收入差距及农民收入地区差距等方面对贵州省农民收入状况进行实证分析,剖析了农民收入增长缓慢的原因,以期为政府制定农民增收政策提出有益参考。     

我国城乡居民边际消费倾向差异分析

消费需求不足一直是中国经济增长面临的结构性瓶颈。从计量经济模型出发,检验了中国城乡居民边际消费倾向的差异,并提出中国城镇居民边际消费倾向大于农村居民边际消费倾向,但城镇居民边际消费倾向有下降的趋势,而农村居民边际消费倾向有上升的趋势。造成城镇居民、农村居民边际消费倾向变化的原因是：城乡收入结构、消费结构、耐用消费品消费三方面因素存在差异。总之,刺激中国消费需求增长的重心在于提高农村居民消费需求。     

新农村背景下的吉林省城乡统筹问题研究

在分析吉林省城市化发展滞后于工业化进程、城乡基础设施建设差距显著、城乡居民收入差距不断拉大等城乡二元结构问题的基础上,重点探讨了城乡二元结构对新农村建设的制约作用,提出了改革城乡二元分割的体制、加大财政对农村经济的支持力度、加快推进农村工业化和城镇化的对策建议。     

四川省城乡居民生活消费的差异分析

利用Panel Data模型对四川省城乡居民的消费差异进行了实证分析,并根据城乡居民消费的不同特点提出了相关的政策建议。     

城乡收入差距与农村劳动力就业的Granger因果检验——以寿光市为例

以山东省寿光市为例,研究了城乡收入与农村劳动力就业的相互关系。利用统计数据,进行变量序列的协整检验与Granger因果检验,结果表明,农村劳动力年均收入影响农村居民人均收入,后者与职工平均工资存在Granger因果关系。从事农林牧渔业生产使得寿光农村人均总收入高于寿光乃至潍坊市的城镇居民平均工资,收入角度的比较利益使得城市对寿光农村居民不具有吸引力,极大地减小了农村劳动力就业和转移压力。从而指出大力推进农业产业化,提高农村居民收入,改善农村居民生活条件是促进农村劳动力就业和就地转移的重要途径。     

城乡居民收入差距影响因素的实证分析——以重庆市为例

以重庆市城乡居民收入差距为研究对象,依据1997～2008年《重庆统计年鉴》中关于城乡居民收入的相关数据,利用回归分析方法,从实证的角度出发,通过建立多元回归模型分析影响重庆市城乡居民收入差距的主要因素,并提出了缩小城乡居民收入差异的对策。     

引导农村居民相对集中居住模式研究——以重庆市为例

在阐述重庆市农村居民居住现状的基础上,指出由于受农村经济基础薄弱、山地地貌特征、农民小农意识、资金匮乏等因素影响,重庆市农村居民以散居状态为主。结合城市扩张带动、农村市场开发、农村资源开发、农村产业发展、农村生态移民等契机,倡议采用城镇发展推动模式、市场开发带动模式、土地开发驱动模式、乡村产业构建模式、移民安置迁建模式引导农村居民相对集中居住。提出了引导农村居民相对集中居住的政策建议：一是因地制宜,科学规划设计;二是广泛宣传,激发农民意愿;三是先行试点,发挥示范引导;四是完善政策,确保农民利益;五是加强领导,降低集居风险;六是逐步推进,实现适度集居。     

乌当区农村面源污染对饮用水源的危害及治理探讨

贵阳市乌当区饮用水源正面临着严重的农村面源污染问题,农村面源污染对当地居民生活和经济发展形成了一定的威胁。对乌当区饮用水源农村面源污染的现状进行调查,分析存在问题,提出相应的治理措施。