不同产地雪菊挥发油化学成分比较

以黑龙江和新疆产地雪菊为试材,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取雪菊挥发油,通过GC-MS联用技术鉴定雪菊挥发油成分,利用峰面积归一化法分析各成分占总含量的相对百分含量。结果表明:黑龙江雪菊挥发油中得到36个色谱峰,鉴定出23种化学成分,主要为柠檬烯(50.961%)、α-水芹烯(5.717%)、蒎烯(5.226%),新疆雪菊挥发油中得到36个色谱峰,鉴定出22种化学成分,主要为D-柠檬烯(59.911%),蒎烯(7.866%)、2-异丙基-5-甲基-9-亚甲基-双环[4.4.0]-1-癸烯(3.840%);黑龙江雪菊经减压蒸馏处理,鉴定出的成分从23种减少到18种,主要成分为D-柠檬烯(65.810%)。柠檬烯和D-柠檬烯含量可作为鉴别2个产地雪菊挥发油的指标。     

铁炮百合花挥发油不同提取方法的GC-MS研究

采用气液相连续萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法对铁炮百合花的挥发油进行提取,气相色谱-质谱法分离并鉴定了其化学成分;并用峰面积归一化法测定了各成分的百分含量。结果表明:2种方法共分离出57个组分,确定了其中52种化合物;其主要成分为烯、醇、酯、醛、酸和烷类化合物。与水蒸气蒸馏法相比,气液相连续萃取法多萃取出14种化合物,增加的化合物中低沸点、相对分子质量小的成分较多。另外,2种方法共有的低沸点化合物中,气液相连续萃取法萃取出的化合物含量均较高,如α?萜品醇(0.40%、3.49%)、(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯-1-醇(0.35%、2.60%)、3,7,11-三甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯-3-醇(10.40%、19.76%)等。     

GC-MS分析荷花的挥发油化学成分

为了分析荷花中挥发油的化学成分,采用水蒸气蒸馏法从新鲜荷花中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对挥发油的化学成分进行分离分析,并应用峰面积归一化法测定各成分的含量。试验共分离出95个峰,鉴定出80种化合物,其中主要成分为乙酸乙酯(6.61%)、1,4-二甲氧基苯(9.06%)、肉桂醛(6.60%)、肉桂醇(10.20%)、茉莉酮(4.75%)等挥发性的醇类、脂类、醛类、酸类和烯类化合物。通过试验可知,GC-MS能很好地鉴定出荷花挥发油的化合物组成,为荷花资源的开发利用奠定基础。     

长白山茗葱挥发油成分分析

以长白山茗葱为试材,采用顶空固相微萃取法对其不同部位的挥发油进行提取,通过GC-MS联用技术进行分析鉴定,利用峰面积归一化法计算各化合物的相对质量分数。结果表明:从茗葱根挥发油中得到37个色谱峰,共鉴定出33种化合物,其中2,3-去氢-1,8-桉叶素(50.616%)、甲基-2-烯丙基二硫醚(19.036%)质量分数相对较高;鳞茎挥发油中得到21个色谱峰,共鉴定出19种化合物,其中硫化丙烯(28.459%)、二烯丙基二硫(27.765%)质量分数较高;叶片挥发油中得到24个色谱峰,共鉴定出22种化合物,其中(Z)乙酸叶醇酯(55.910%)、乙酸反-2-己烯酯(9.183%)2种化合物质量分数较高。HSSPME GC-MS是一种可用于分析不同部位茗葱挥发油成分变化的简单可行的分析方法。     

冬节圆橄榄果实挥发油化学成分分析

采用固相微萃取法和毛细管气相色谱—质谱联用法,对广东优良橄榄品种冬节圆果实挥发油化学成分进行了分析,分离出22个峰,确认了22种化学物名称及其相对含量。结果表明:冬节圆橄榄挥发油主要成分为反式—石竹烯、D-大根香叶烯、α-蒎烯、DL-萜二烯、α-古巴烯、三角杜松烯、α-律草烯,这些成分占橄榄挥发油的91.81%,其中反式-石竹烯相对含量最多,达42.23%。     

鲍鱼菇菌丝体挥发油化学成分及抗菌活性分析

利用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取鲍鱼菇菌丝体挥发油,采用气相色谱-质谱联用系统分析了挥发油的化学成分.以DB-5MS柱分离出43个峰,用质谱法鉴定出18种化合物,主要为反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛、正己醇、1-辛烯-3-醇等药理活性物质.体外抗菌试验表明鲍鱼菇菌丝体挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌等多种临床致病菌均具有较强的抑菌作用.     

“井岗红糯”荔枝果肉香气成分GC-MS分析

采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)+气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)联用仪分析法，对“井岗红糯”荔枝果肉香气组分进行定性定量分析。结果表明，“井岗红糯”荔枝果肉共检测出香气化合物62种，主要包括醇、烯、醛、酯、酮、酸、烷烃及其他化合物。橙花醇、3-甲基-2-丁烯醛、β-蒎烯、α-衣兰油烯、(R)-(+)-β-香茅醇、3-甲基-2-丁烯醇、3-异丙基-6-亚甲基-1-环己烯、d-柠檬烯、萜品油烯、蘑菇醇、1-甲基-3,7-亚甲基-2,6-辛二烯等是“井岗红糯”荔枝果肉的关键香气组分。其中，橙花醇的相对含量最高，为18.79%,橙花醇是香叶醇的异构体，有玫瑰香气，略有柠檬香。     

白灵菇风味成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取白灵菇中风味成分,然后利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术进行分析,得到白灵菇总离子流色谱图中共75个峰,经过NIST谱库联机检索,鉴定出35种化合物,约占色谱流峰总面积的79.75%。结果表明,白灵菇风味成分中含量最多的一类化合物为胺类化合物,相对百分含量为43.19%。在胺类化合物中(Z)-9-十八烯酰胺含量最高,相对含量为22.47%。     

商陆中挥发油的提取及其化学成分分析

利用水蒸气蒸馏法分别从商陆中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析鉴定成分,分析商陆中挥发油化学成分。结果表明:鉴定出商陆挥发油中24个化合物,主要化学成分是棕榈酸和亚油酸。     

不同甜瓜品种香气成分的HS-SPME/GC-MS分析(摘要)

采用顶空固相微萃取技术(HS-SPME)提取不同品种甜瓜成熟果实中的香气成分,用气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)进行测定分析,研究不同甜瓜品种成熟果实的特征香气成分。检测到网纹甜瓜‘C51’、‘C52’、薄皮甜瓜‘白玉满堂’3个甜瓜品种香气成分种类分别为92、58、56种。香气成分中以酯类为主,分别为38、22、19种,占各自香气种类的41.3%、37.93%、35.85%,总含量的91.88%、67.52%和77.29。三者共有香气成分10种,为乙酸丁酯、乙酸-2-甲基-1-丁醇酯、乙酸己酯、(Z)-乙酸-3-己烯-1-醇酯、2,3-丁二醇二乙酸酯、乙酸辛酯、乙酸苯甲酯、苯基乙醇、(E)-6,10-二甲基-5,9-十一烷二烯-2-酮、十三烷,以乙酸苯甲酯含量最高。丙酸-2-甲基丙酯、丁酸-2-甲基丙酯、乙酸庚酯、(Z)-乙酸-3辛烯-1-醇酯、丙酸-2-戊醇、2,4-壬二烯-1-醇、(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛、(Z,Z)-3,5-辛二烯为厚皮甜瓜‘C51’、‘C52’的共有成分。含硫化合物甲基硫代醋酸乙酯、2-甲基硫代乙酸甲酯、3-甲硫基丙酸乙酯、甲基硫丙杂环、烯丙基甲硫醚为薄皮甜瓜白玉满堂所独有,占其香气总含量的9.02%,远高于2个供试厚皮甜瓜品种,其中烯丙基甲基硫醚、甲基硫丙杂环未见在甜瓜果实中报道,推测含硫化合物可能是薄皮甜瓜的特征香气成分。氯乙酸-2-苯乙酯、丙酸-2-甲基3-苯乙酯为‘C51’果实所特有,并且含量分别高达16.58%和2.09%。(Z)-3-壬烯-1-醇、(E,Z)-3,6-壬二烯-1-醇、(E)-6-壬烯醛含量分别为2.57%、3.14%、4.29%,是‘C52’果实的特征香气成分。但是,不同类型、不同品种甜瓜果实之间的风味差异不仅取决于不同的香味物质种类,还受相对含量及阈值的影响。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.