日粮中添加不同水平的Lactogene对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选用４８ 头３５ 日龄断奶仔猪于断奶后３ ～４ 周内研究在日粮中添加不同水平的Ｌａｃｔｏｇｅｎｅ 对仔猪生产性能的影响。Ｌａｃｔｏｇｅｎｅ 的添加量分别为５５ ×１０５ ，７０ ×１０５ ，８５ ×１０５ 和１０ ×１０４ 。结果表明：Ｌａｃｔｏｇｅｎｅ 不同添加水平对仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量及饲料转化效率影响差异不显著（Ｐ＞ ０－０５） 。与其它处理组相比，添加８５ ×１０５Ｌａｃｔｏｇｅｎｅ 组的平均日采食量最大，平均日增重以及饲料转化效率也最高。     

黄霉素对生长肥育猪的饲用效果

本试验选用生长肥育猪２７０头，平均始重２９．５±０．５千克，探讨黄霉素、土霉素、喹乙醇作为抗生素药物添加剂对生长肥育猪生产性能和经济效益的影响。结果表明，与对照组相比，２．５ｐｐｍ黄霉素＋５０ｐｐｍ土霉素组、５ｐｐｍ黄霉素组、１００ｐｐｍ土霉素组、５０ｐｐｍ喹乙醇组依次可提高日增重１０．７６％、６％、０．１％、２．５１％（Ｐ＞０．０５），降低饲料增重比１２．３４％、９．０７％、４．０３％、２．２７％（Ｐ＞０．０５），且随猪体重的增大，添加黄霉素组饲料转化率的改善幅度有增高趋势。２．５ｐｐｍ黄霉素＋５０ｐｐｍ土霉素组的经济效益最明显，其次为５ｐｐｍ黄霉素组。     

植酸酶对生长猪生产性能及养分利用率的影响

用一个饲养试验和一个消化代谢试验研究了植酸酶对生长猪生产性能和养分消化率的影响。饲养试验将９６头和２０ｋｇ左右的长白×荣昌Ｆ１杂交猪９６头,随机分为８组,每组４个圈,每圈３头,分别喂给基础日粮,基础日粮＋０．８％磷酸氢钙,基础日粮＋１０×１０＾－５,２０×１０＾－５,３０×１０＾－５,４０×１０＾－５植酸酶,基础日粮＋０．８％磷酸氢钙＋２０×１０＾－５或４０×１０＾－５植酸酶等８种日粮。     

添加微量元素铬对鸡蛋黄中胆固醇的影响

一．试验材料与方法１试验材料（１）试验鸡群：福州市鳝溪鸡场商品代海兰蛋鸡,周龄６０周,其产蛋率为７５％。（２）试验饲料：基础饲料由鳝溪鸡场提供,其饲料配方及营养成分如下：（３）试验药品：有机铬,即酵母铬,含量１０００×１０－６由北京奥特奇公司提供。无机铬、即含六个结晶水的三氯化铬、由上海化学试剂厂生产。２．试验方法（１）试验设计：在同一鸡舍中选择健康无病、发育正常、产蛋性能相近的鸡８０只,随机分为５组、即对照组、０．４×１０－６无机铬组、０．８×１０－６无机铬组,０．４×１０－６有机铬组、０．８…     

几种添加剂组合饲喂鲤鱼效果研究

将２７０尾一冬龄健康建鲤随机分成９组，选用均匀设计Ｕ８（８５），通过３０天的试验，研究基础日粮的２％添加剂成分甲基睾丸酮Ｘ１、甲状腺素Ｘ２、甜菜碱Ｘ３、柠檬酸Ｘ４的最佳组合。结果表明：添加成分与增重率呈显著回归关系：Ｙ＝７．７９１７＋０．９０６２Ｘ－０．３２Ｘ２Ｘ３＋４．３９７９×１０（－６）Ｘ３Ｘ４其拟合度Ｒ２＝０．９０６２，经格点网络筛选，最优组合为Ｘ１＝６，Ｘ２＝０．００４，Ｘ３＝４０００，Ｘ４＝３７００。其增重率为１００．３９％，该结果比试验最优方案Ⅱ的增重率高３３．１５％。方案Ⅱ与对照组比较：增重率提高４１．９８％。饵料系数降低０．７４，鱼体单位增重成本降低０．９６元／ｋｇ。     

泰农与国产泰乐菌素效果比较

表２试验结果kg项目泰农组泰乐菌素Ⅰ组泰乐菌素Ⅱ组试验开始重６．５６．６６．４试验结束重２２．７２１．９２１．６总摄食量１４４０１６２９１４７８头日均采食量０．７０２０．７１８０．７４６日均增重０．４５００．４２５０．４２２料肉比１．５６１．６９１．７７注：以上数据已充分考虑试验中因病淘汰猪只的增重及耗料。表１３组饲料中药物添加情况组别泰农组泰乐菌素Ⅰ组泰乐菌素Ⅱ组猪只头数５７６３５５药物添加剂量１１０×１０－６泰农１１０×１０－６泰乐菌素２２０×１０－６泰乐菌素＋１１０×１０－６SM２＋１１０×…     

断奶仔猪日粮中添加柠檬酸和氧化锌的试验

试验是研究柠檬酸和氧化锌对仔猪断奶后生长发育的影响。组１为对照组,喂消化能为１３６１ＭＪ／ｋｇ,粗蛋白质为２０％的标准日粮,组２为标准日粮＋１５％柠檬酸,组３为标准日粮２０×１０－４锌,组４为标准日粮＋１５％柠檬酸＋２０×１０－４锌。结果：第１...     

NH_4Cl和NaHCO_3对肉用仔鸡慢性热应激的影响

３２０ 羽１ 周龄健康肉用雏鸡被随机分成４ 组, 经１ 周的适应后进行试验。组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ、组Ⅲ和组Ⅳ的日粮处理分别为： 基础日粮（Ｂ, 对照组） , Ｂ＋ ０－５ ％ ＮａＨＣＯ３ , Ｂ＋ ０－５ ％ ＮａＨＣＯ３ ＋ １ ％ ＮＨ４Ｃｌ 和Ｂ＋ １ ％ ＮＨ４Ｃｌ。试验为期５ 周。研究日粮中添加ＮａＨＣＯ３ 和ＮＨ４Ｃｌ 对慢性热应激肉用仔鸡的血液ｐＨ、ＣＯ２ 分压（ＰＣＯ２） 及生产性能的影响。结果表明： 在慢性热应激（２３ ～３５ ℃） 条件下, 肉用仔鸡未发生呼吸性碱中毒, 组Ⅱ的血液ＰＣＯ２高于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） , 增重比对照组多９－４９ ％ ; 组Ⅲ血液ｐＨ 低于组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ（ Ｐ ＜ ０－０１） , 血液的ＰＣＯ２ 高于组Ⅰ和组Ⅳ（ Ｐ ＜ ０－０１） , 增重比对照组多８－１９％ 。组Ⅳ的血液ｐＨ 值极显著低于对照组（ Ｐ ＜ ０－０１） , 比对照组少增重２－５ ％     

桑尺蠖和线棉木金星尺蠖的微孢子虫对家蚕病原性和胚种传染性研究

从桑尺蠖中分离的微孢子虫，形态为长卵圆形，大小为３．５－４．１×１．６－１．９μｍ。从丝棉木金星尺蠖中分离的微孢子虫，形状为卵圆形，大小为３．２－３．７×１．６－２．１μｍ。     

乳香素对断奶仔猪饲喂效果试验

本试验采取随机区组设计,选用４５日龄断奶的杜长大三元杂种猪３０头,随机分成对照组、试１组、试２组,饲粮分别添加０％、０．０５％、０．１％乳香素,进行对比试验。经３１天试验表明,试验１组、２组与对照组相比,平均日增重提高１４．６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）与１２．９％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,平均日采食量提高１０．２％与１０．５％,饲料利用率提高４％与２．３％,头均净增利润１１．４５元与７．８６元。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。