Application of Containers to Low-Income Housing in Context of New Urbanization

This paper explores how to use container buildings to resolve the housing problem of migrant workers in the context of urbanization, and ascertains the characteristics of the container housing and public space through the analysis of excellent examples of the container recycling project at home and abroad. In terms of the material, economic benefits, environmental protection and industrialization, those characteristics are summarized as follows.(1) Being sturdy, corrosion-resisting, waterproof and insulated, building materials are able to resist bad weather.(2) Their economic results lie in the short constructive cycle so that the cost of reinforced concrete per unit area reduces 20% on year-on-year basis.(3) Their environmental protection rests with the recyclability of materials, less construction waste and less noise in the construction process.(4) Their industrialization is embedded in their modular design and standardized specifications as well as the flexibility and replaceability.     

预应力装配混凝土复合墙板抗震性能试验研究

结合砌体结构的发展现状和住宅产业化的发展趋势,提出一种“预应力装配混凝土复合墙板”,以期望在中小城镇低层建筑民用房屋中发展一种新的结构形式来对砌体结构进行补充。为了考察该复合墙板的抗震性能,对2块不同预应力度的试件进行了拟静力试验。得到了相应试件的抗震性能指标,显示该墙板具有较好的承载能力和变形性能,分析认为所提出的墙板可以达到8度区低层民用房屋的应用要求,可以作为砌体承重墙的一种替代形式,并且对该墙板相关构造提出了改进建议。     

A Comparative Study of European and American PublicHousing Policies and Its Findings

I studied the similarities and differences of public housing policy between European countries and the United States using historic and comparative methods. Public housing policy was put in place in postwar European countries and the U.S. Differences in the policies of these countries were that the European policy intervened in the housing market directly and thoroughly but the American policy intervened in the housing market indirectly by financial and revenue means. The key finding is that housing in P. R. China is an important part of the people's livelihood and the government should not completely pass responsibility for providing it to the market. China should set up its own public housing policy and change the mode of land supply and housing manufacturing. China also should adopt multiplicative means, including direct government investment and encouraging the social anticipation and planning adjustment to guarantee the housing rights of middle-and-low-income households.     

Research on Financing Plan for International Cooperative Project in Housing Industrialization

Housing industry is a prop industry with great potential, but it is restricted by shortage of funds. So it is necessary to probe the financing system of housing industrialization in China. This paper puts forward a financing plan for the international cooperative project in industrialized housing in Chongqing. Furthermore, it investigates the concrete financing system of the whole housing industry.     

Discussion on Establishment and Developmentof Policy Housing Financial System in China's Cities

China has a large population of 1.2 billion.To solve the housing problem of middle_low income families and realize a condition,under which people can live in peace and work contentedly,a policy housing financial system(PHFS)with Chinese characteristics must be established.PHFS is a special financial area.The combination of financial relationships,forms and methods related to the purchase,construction or rehabilitation of housing for middle_low income families,is the core of policy housing financial system.It has real meaning for studying theory and practice of PHFS,its role in development of housing industry,and promoting economic growth of the country,civilization and progress of the society.     

Research of New Housing Design Leaping over the Era

Housing design in Chinese cities has reached a new summit since the middle of 1980's.In the past decade,great changes have taken place about conception and method of housing design.During the alternation of two centuries,people pay much more attention to the new housing design.This paper is concerned with the conception and principle of new housing design and architectural pattern of new housing. The design conception,of coexistence between housing and environment and the balance of ecosystem,should be set up in design of the new housing leaping over the era.We should consider human being as the core of housing design,improve the quality of housing environment adaptability and changeableness of housing to make housing grow with the development of living- pattern and society.The Architecture pattern of new housing in the period of nineth five year plan is as follows: The housing which save the land,energy and material.The living- style housing with complete function and all necessary fittings;adaptable and changeable house,with household participation;The growing- style housing completed gradually.     

Land Value Taxation and New Housing Development in Pittsburgh

ABSTRACT Incentive and liquidity effects of Pittsburgh's land value tax system are hypothesized to encourage new housing development. To test this hypothesis, an econometric model is estimated using building permit data for the dependent variable and tax rates and other determinants of new housing demand and supply for the independent variables. For the case of new housing, it is shown that the incentive effect is significant but the liquidity effect is not. The incentive effect is found to encourage increases in the number of new units constructed in Pittsburgh rather than increases in the average cost of new units.     

Potential Homebuyer''s Preference in Chongqing

Manufactured Affordable Housing (MAH) is recommended to address the mismatch between demand and supply in the housing market in Chongqing, which is the fourth metropolis in China and has huge housing demand due to a gigantic population of 30.6 million. A model for massive housing production needs to be developed in order to determine the potential homebuyers' preferences. A questionnaire is designed as a tool to retrieve the factors, which affect the potential home buyers' behaviour, the necessary information about their perception for the housing market, their preferences for housing, and to describe the adoption of suitable housing under the main topic of "MAH in Chongqing". This paper aims to highlight the factors that affect the purchase of housing and the preference of the potential homebuyers in Chongqing. The overall research objectives are to use the concept of MAH to examine the feasibility and viability for its use in Chongqing, and to design a suitable type of MAH for use in Chongqing, by maximizing the use of indigenous resources from the region as one of the major considerations. At this stage, investigation has been carried out to identify the basic characteristics of the construction industry in Chongqing to set the scene for the housing research. This paper is mainly to identify the potential homebuyer's preference and their demand for home purchase in Chongqing.     

The Causes of the Difference between Supply and Demand in the Housing Market of China and Solutio ns to the Problem

The reason for the difference between supply and demand of houses is that there is a non equilibrium in the interests of purchaser, developer and the government. In order to solve this problem, the developer should cut down the cost, the purchaser should clarify the house value and the government should build up a house property evaluation system to improve the housing market.     

A Study on Evaluation of Economy of Commodity Housing

The housing industry, as a new economy growth point and hot point of consumption in our national economy, has huge potentials for its development. Because of the underdevelopment of the commodity housing market in our country, there are some unhealthy tendencies, such as low level of development, poor quality of housing, waste of resources, large deviation between housing function and its price, and so on. So there is urgent need to take measures for avoiding these unhealthy phenomena. It is one of the strongest measures to evaluate the economy of the commodity housing. In this paper the meaning, principle and method of the evaluation on economy of the commodity housing were discussed. It will play a positive role to promote spreading this work.     

Impacts and adaptation of European crop production systems to climate change

The studies on anthropogenic climate change performed in the last decade over Europe show consistent projections of increases in temperature and different patterns of precipitation with widespread increases in northern Europe and decreases over parts of southern and eastern Europe. In many countries and in recent years there is a tendency towards cereal grain yield stagnation and increased yield variability. Some of these trends may have been influenced by the recent climatic changes over Europe.A set of qualitative and quantitative questionnaires on perceived risks and foreseen impacts of climate and climate change on agriculture in Europe was distributed to agro-climatic and agronomy experts in 26 countries. Europe was divided into 13 Environmental Zones (EZ). In total, we had 50 individual responses for specific EZ. The questionnaires provided both country and EZ specific information on the: (1) main vulnerabilities of crops and cropping systems under present climate; (2) estimates of climate change impacts on the production of nine selected crops; (3) possible adaptation options as well as (4) adaptation observed so far. In addition we focused on the overall awareness and presence of warning and decision support systems with relevance for adaptation to climate change.The results show that farmers across Europe are currently adapting to climate change, in particular in terms of changing timing of cultivation and selecting other crop species and cultivars. The responses in the questionnaires show a surprisingly high proportion of negative expectations concerning the impacts of climate change on crops and crop production throughout Europe, even in the cool temperate northern European countries.The expected impacts, both positive and negative, are just as large in northern Europe as in the Mediterranean countries, and this is largely linked with the possibilities for effective adaptation to maintain current yields. The most negative effects were found for the continental climate in the Pannonian zone, which includes Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria and Romania. This region will suffer from increased incidents of heat waves and droughts without possibilities for effectively shifting crop cultivation to other parts of the years. A wide range of adaptation options exists in most European regions to mitigate many of the negative impacts of climate change on crop production in Europe. However, considering all effects of climate change and possibilties for adaptation, impacts are still mostly negative in wide regions across Europe.     

Prefabricated Building Construction-The Use of Aluminium Alloy Formwork

The Wah Wui System Formwork is a newly developed system formwork for industrialised housing in Hong Kong.The aluminium alloy formwork has lots of advantages,and the adoption of it can ensure the quality of concrete and therefore enhance the quality of housing. In this dissertation,the author introduces the design,materials of aluminium alloy formwork,and also the transportation,storage,installation,advantages and disadvantages of it.     

General Survey on Future Trend of Housing Consumption in China

Based on the present conditions of China, this paper analyzes the developing trend of housing industry. Through the statistical figures, it anticipates that the housing industry will become the new hot spot with the increase of people's revenue. Moreover, some advice on the development of the housing industry is provided in order to adapt to the trend.     

Research on Coaction of Concrete Cast in place Box ArchRing and Arch Centering

The construction method of concreting layer by layer and segment by segment could reduce the use of steel and save construction cost, when concrete box arch ring was built cast in place with aid of arch centering. According to the simulation of large scal     

An exergy assessment model of the environmental impacts of building energy use

Buildings, as products of built environment creation made by human kind, consume a substantial amount of energy. Building energy performance attracts much attention from many countries. Two things building energy use affects are fossil energy co     

哈尔滨农民回迁居住区户外景观设计模式初探

回迁居住区是城市化推进的产物之一。回迁居民在这里的生活模式和物质环境都与其本来状态存在许多矛盾与冲突,使得回迁者常出现“回而不适”现象,对农民生活、心理产生极大负面影响。文章以哈尔滨市城郊失地失宅农民为研究对象,通过对哈尔滨市现有回迁居住区进行实地调研,总结出农民回迁者审美的特异性和行为活动需求及农民回迁居住区户外空间环境存在的主要问题,最后提出满足于哈尔滨失地失宅农民审美情趣及行为需求的农民回迁居住区户外空间设计策略,让农民回迁者有一定的家园感与归属感。     

新型露天囤储粮技术研究

文章介绍了一种新型露天储粮囤。其建筑材料，囤容量，储藏性能及费用都优于旧式折席囤。它具有防鼠，防结露，防渗漏，防火等功能，并能结构机械通风降温，降湿和环流熏蒸杀虫，达到安全储粮的目的。     

农村土地房屋资产管理研究进展

随着城镇化进程的推进,农村土地房屋流转在现实生活中日趋频繁,农村土地房屋资产管理问题进一步凸显。笔者综合运用文献资料法、对比分析法,围绕加强农村土地房屋资产管理的必要性、农村土地房屋资产管理面临的突出问题以及开展农村土地房屋资产管理创新探索3个命题,对学术界的研究成果进行梳理汇总,揭示了相关学术研究取得的成果、存在的主要问题,并展望了国内农村土地房屋资产管理研究的方向与重点。研究提出加强农村土地房屋资产管理,应当强化农村土地房屋资产管理主体、开展农村土地房屋资产清产核资、建立农村土地房屋资产收益分配机制、建立农村土地房屋资产评估服务体系、培育农村土地房屋资产市场。     

Housing Credit and Insurance for Elders

As the new century approaches, the problem of aging society is confronting us. The housing market for elders is becoming a constituent of the housing market in China. It is an indisputable way that credit and insurance play roles in the process of promoting the elder's housing consumption. This paper introduces a different kind of credit-inverse mortgage, suitable for elders, and explores its characteristics and three main forms. For weak abilities of elders to resist risks, this paper also explores some insurance forms that can help elder housing consumers.     

农村土地房屋资产属性研究综述

农村土地房屋是农村经济发展的重要资源,是农民的宝贵财富。本文围绕农村土地房屋的基本属性：主体化、资产化和市场化,综合运用文献检索法和对比分析法,梳理和总结了学术界对我国农村土地房屋资产属性的研究成果。研究结果表明：（1）农村土地房屋资产化、主体化和市场化,受到经济学家高度关注,产生了丰富的研究成果;（2）有关研究成果表明,我国农村土地房屋主体化、资产化和市场化取得新的进展;（3）我国农村土地房屋主体化、资产化和市场化任重道远,必须坚持科学发展观,立足我国的基本国情,推进农村土地房屋资产管理。