THE EVALUATING METHOD ABOUT LUMINOUS ENVIRONMENT IN BUILDINGS

This paper suggests that using best solar energy and advancing visual performance,a new evaluating method may be put that is about luminous environment.It not only recommends twelve parameters(targets),considering luminous environment and sky light climate but also luminary,heating,lowering temperature,psychology and physiology,ect.in accordance withyear's effect of daylighting.On the basis of different sky lighting climate areas and main uses of buildings.We use with a considerable weight factor that is satisfied with a basic function.Then by fuzzy multiple criterion,the distinct result about luminous environment in buildings is obtaoned.     

The Probe of Environment Lighting in Commercial Pedestrian Streets Based on Principles of Visual Perception

Expect to satisfy basic visual task,the chief purpose of lighting in commercial pedestrian streets is to create more comfortable,more active and interesting environment.This paper analyzes main characteristics of visual perception,such as the attributive stage,expectations of perception and final response to the environment,and tries to discuss object and demand of lighting in commercial pedestrian street based on principles of visual perception.In this paper,first,frame of reference about visual perception is presented;then,the cause of lighting environment design is put forward;finally,some elements of lighting design in commercial pedestrian streets are ascertained.     

The Maximum Spectral Luminous Efficiency of Mesopic Level

To obtain the expression of maximum spectral luminous efficiency of mesopic level, we studied the contribution to spectral sensitivity in the mesopic region of the rods and cones based on heterochromatic brightness matching and reaction time, respectively. We next acquitted the expression of maximum spectral luminous efficiency of the mesopic level. Our opinion is that the results based on different experiments reflect different vision characteristics of human beings. The expression of maximum spectral luminous efficiency should be chosen in accordance with the application. We advise that the maximum spectral luminous efficiency based on heterochromatic brightness matching should be chosen in evaluating the effect of night scene lighting. The maximum spectral luminous efficiency based on reaction time should be chosen in designing road lighting.     

Influence of Light Sources Color on Tunnel Lighting

Five color temperature LEDs were compared to traditional light sources (HPS and MH) under three lighting levels and negative contrasts to study the effect of light sources color on tunnel lighting. Through the experiment of reaction times, the relation between light sources color and reaction times, and the relation between light sources color and pupil size were studied, respectively. The experiment result shows that visual performance and cirtopic with high color temperature LED are the most significant under high lighting level. The visual performance and cirtopic with middle color temperature LED are the most significant under mesopic lighting level. It is shown that comprehensive influence of light sources color on visual performance and cirtopic must be considered for choosing appropriate light sources in different sections of tunnel lighting.     

CALCULATION OF AVERAGE SKY LIGHTING

Under the condition of average sky model,this paper studies the luminous flux arriving at the window and suggests the modified daylightingcoefficient method for estimating the area of the window.The method is simpleand easy to be carried out.And according to average sky luminance model,this paper has carried out the calculation of average sky lighting with a computer.The method described above is verified reasonable and applicable in engineering.     

Reaction Time of Road Lighting in the Mesopic Vision Condition

Brightness level of the mad lighting should be of the mesopic vision category. But the present road lighting standard in the various countries is in the bright vision condition, this is different with the mesopic vision effect, which will bring the appraisal error into the illumination quality. Therefore, studies on the mesopic vision condition through the reaction time of the road lighting have been the front research topic. Regarding this, this article introduces the middle vision reaction time test system which independently develops to carry on the photosource light effect the research. This system can adopt different light sources to form the illumination environment under the mesopic vision, simulate road barrier ahead the car at night with varied light, and examine reaction time according to visual characteristic of driver through electronic shutter. Through regression analysis of the massive measured data, the reaction time and the background halogen brightness function expression has been fitted under the different experimental condition, thus obtains the golden photosource vision effect to be higher than the sodium lamp photosource the conclusion. In the article, the system the structure, the principle of work, the experimental technique and the data processing result has carried on the analysis and the discussion. This research results which is founded in the mesopic visual condition the visibility model provide the experimental basis, which has the very good model significance for China road lighting project concrete implementation and the actual improvement.     

Influence Analysis Energy and Environment with DSM

As a large burning coal country, resolving the SO2 letting problem is the most important thing in the environment protection work. Electric power industry reveals the supply's load rate declining and the discrepancy between apex and vale augments year after year. It makes the load adjustment become an imminency task in the electric power industry. The article popularizes the light power saving technology in the inhabitant living lighting power through reinforcing the DSM technology. It studies the influence on energy and environment after using the technology. It studies avoidable electricity quantity, avoidable electricity power, avoidable apex load, avoidable coal consuming and avoidable SO2 lettling. At last, it makes a concrete analysis with a city's example.     

隧道照明光源光色对驾驶员视觉功效的影响

目前,各国以及CIE的隧道照明设计规范和标准在隧道照明研究中都只考虑隧道路面的亮度或者照度水平,对于色温、显色性和光谱分布等因素对视觉效果的影响考虑不足,导致对隧道照明质量的评价不够科学。笔者从隧道照明光源光色对于驾驶员视觉功效的影响出发,选择两个隧道进行了小目标识别现场实验和不同色温反应时间测试实验,分析了驾驶员视觉功效受隧道照明光源的显色性和色温的影响情况。结果表明:隧道照明光源显色指数越高,驾驶员的视觉功效越好;对于光谱能量分布相似的光源,背景亮度相同时,含有短波成分多的光源照明效果更好,驾驶员的视觉功效也更好。     

Discussion on Whole Process Marketing Strategies System of Real Estate

In China, the spare commercial housing area is continuously increasing at present. But most people don't satisfy their present living conditions, they want to enlarge the housing areas and to ameliorate their living environment. So there has a contradiction between the people's living level and their requirement. In this paper the whole process marketing strategy system of real estate was put forward to solve the problem. That is, a series of marketing strategies such as pricing strategy, promotion strategy etc were suggested.     

Older Chinese and Korean migrants' experiences of the first COVID-19 lockdown in Aotearoa New Zealand: A qualitative study

Later-life migrants, as older people living away from their home nations, occupy multiply-precarious positions in relation to national COVID-19 pandemic responses. Concern has particularly centred on this group's increased risk of social and linguistic exclusion. We explore the perspectives of later-life older Chinese and Koreans living in New Zealand during the nation's COVID-19 lockdown of 2020. This paper presents a sub-analysis of culturally-matched interviews conducted with 3 Korean and 5 Chinese later-life migrants. These participants are a sub-sample of a larger qualitative interview study comprising 44 interviews. A social capital approach has been used to aid conceptualisation of participants' experiences and a reflexive thematic approach guided analysis. Despite their underrepresentation in national response efforts, Chinese and Korean later-life migrants resourcefully participated in ethnically-specific pandemic initiatives. Three themes identified were: (1) taking it seriously (2) already digitally literate (3) challenges and difficulties. Older Asian migrants engaged in a range of creative strategies to stay connected during COVID-19 lockdowns which drew heavily on pre-existing social capital. Future pandemic responses should seek to improve connectedness between the national government COVID-19 response and older Korean and Chinese later-life migrants.     

The Safe Distance Between Road Lighting Fixtures and Street Trees

The road lighting system and the road greening system, which are mutually interrelated and independent, are two important parts in the urban road environment. Unreasonable road lighting is easy to induce light pollution and has a great negative impact on the physiology and growth of garden plants in the urban green space. In this paper, 21 kinds of common tree species in the urban green space of Zhengzhou were selected as the research object, and the photosynthetic physiological parameters of landscape trees under the LED light source were observed using LI-6400 Photosynthesis System. This paper attempted to find the critical point for initiating photosynthesis of different types of tree species under a certain light source and then calculated the safe distance between lighting fixtures and landscape trees. The results showed that road lighting interfered with the photosynthetic physiological activities of the surveyed trees, affecting the normal dormancy of the plants at night; the sensitivity of different tree species to night lighting was different, and there were some differences in the light compensation points, so the corresponding safe distance was also different. It is hoped that this study can provide a valuable reference and scientific basis for urban road greening and lighting design.     

Wall sensor placement method in indoor lighting dimming control system

Office supplies and people may shade illuminance sensors installed on the table, thus the lighting dimming control system is not able to act correctly. Based on the illuminance ratio model, an index of illuminance-variation transfer ratio and an approach using sensors installed on wall instead of table are proposed. The point of this approach is to choose an appropriate illuminance-variation transfer ratio between vertical illuminance on wall and horizontal illuminance on table. The effects of the location of sensor and controlled lighting on the illuminance-variation transfer ratio are investigated by simulations and experiments. Two constraint conditions are presented for determining the location and number of sensors in an office or reading room. As an example, the proposed approach was applied to a lighting dimming control system in classroom, which confirmed the validity of the proposed approach.     

Discussion on the Application Range of the PMV Equation

With the attention to the comfort degree of living environment, the phenomenon of making use of the PMV -PPD index within the ISO7730 standard to evaluate the indoor thermal comfort degree is more and more widespread. Many papers about indoor thermal environment are based on the PMV - PPD index as the reference or basis to research and analyze. But few people understand and pay attention to the application range of the PMV - PPD index. So some people misuse and abuse the PMV index and deduce some inaccurate conclusions. In this thesis, based on the analysis of the process of deducing PMV equation, the phenomenon that PMV index is different from the fact in the high temperature condition is explained; furthermore the application range of the PMV equation is confirmed. So to obtain the scientific and reasonable evaluation and conclusion in the process of research of the thermal comfort degree can be ensured.     

Functions and Plant Configuration of Wuhan Jiangtan Park

With the rapid development of social economy, and constant improvement of living standards, modern people have had higher requirements on neighboring environment. Park green space is an important component of urban ecosystem, it improves quality of urban ecological environment, reduces urban heat island effect, and beautifies city environment. By studying plant configuration in Jiangtan Park, Hankou District, Wuhan City, functional areas were regarded as a whole to collect data, AHP was applied to investigate the sample plots, garden plant landscape evaluation system was established, and landscapes in all units were evaluated. From the perspectives of site type, functional area, plant configuration, landscape composition, this paper analyzed site conditions of Jiangtan Park, provided scientific theoretic support and case reference for the plant configuration of park green spaces, which would play an extremely important role in improving urban ecological environment and enhancing urban landscape effect.     

新农村人居环境建设与乡土景观和地域特色协调发展的探讨

摘要：在现阶段新农村人居环境建设的大背景下,通过分析人居环境存在的问题,探讨乡土景观和地域特色如何与新农村人居环境建设协调发展,并对其提出可行性建议。     

Memory,Site,City. Rethinking about the City and Architecture in the Perspective of Psychology and Sociology

Each city includes memory elements. As a precious resource, the city memory exists, changes and continues in reality through visual material objects and cultural sub-consciousness. It is the basic context clue for urban people to apperceive, to experience themselves and their existent environment with the lapse and change of time. Beginning with the concept of memory, this article analyzed the relationship of time, space, human being and environment. It tried to use interdisciplinary research methods and rethink about the essence of city and architecture in the perspective of psychology and sociology, so as to explore the dee Pissues of ideology and value conception in urban design and urban conservation of history and culture.     

Lighting quality indicators with space sense for urban lighting environment

In order to find out a space sense indicator that can present the real appearance of human and natural in urban lighting environment, three common used indicators are studied, which are ratio of vertical illuminance to semi cylindrical illuminance, ratio of vertical illuminance to horizontal illuminance and ratio of average cylindrical illuminance to horizontal illuminance.An on site test is taken at Three Gorges Square Pedestrian Street of Chongqing. The variation law of ratio of vertical illuminance to horizontal illuminance is approximate to ratio of average cylindrical illuminance to horizontal illuminance, which varies with the changing of measure point location and reach maximum at the axial central section of pedestrian street between two streetlamps. The change of ratio of vertical illuminance to semi cylindrical illuminance is small correspondingly and it is more appropriate to be as a lighting quality indicator with space sense for urban illuminance environment.     

The Curtain Wall Technology in Green Building

Based on the conception of green building, this paper discusses the effect of curtain wall in adjusting the interior environment quality, reducing building energy consumption, and emphasizes the curtain wall technology in natural lighting, natural ventilation, as well as building energy efficiency.     

APPLICATION OF FUZZY MATHEMATICS IN ARCHITECTURE PHYSICS

According to the definition of luminous flux, and on the basisof the probability of fuzzy stechastic events in fuzzy mathematies, this paperstudies the fuzzy phenomena of the luminous flux increment obtained by thereciprocal reflection of light on indoor surfaces. This paper also suggests a newway to compute the transmission of luminous flux.     

“中洲官渡世纪花园”小区环境设计

随着社会经济的发展、生活水平的提高,人们对新建居住区的环境质量越来越关注。以河南省中牟县“中洲官渡世纪花园”环境设计过程为例,从行为、事件模式、空间三者关系的角度进行分析,以人的尺度、人的活动为根本出发点,营造一种优雅、放松、生态、安全并有强烈归属感的居住环境,使居住环境的设计在较大程度上成为居民之间彼此交流、沟通的介质,进而探讨新时期小区环境设计的发展趋势,并希望对当今小区的规划设计、建设等实践有参考作用。