强启动真菌在牧草降解减容过程中的应用

为了加速牧草降解减容过程,选择了包括强启动真菌在内的3株具有较好降解牧草能力的真菌白腐菌、里氏木霉和强启动菌株QD-1作为外接真菌进行了牧草降解减容的研究。采用正交实验设计的方法对未灭菌牧草基质的降解减容条件进行了优化。结果表明最优的牧草降解减容条件为白腐菌接种量5%,里氏木霉接种量5%,强启动菌株QD-1接种量5%,尿素施用量1.6 g/kg,牧草基质含水量控制在60%。最优条件下发酵30天牧草的降解率达到45.6%。菌株QD-1经18SrDNA-26SrDNA ITS序列分析,鉴定为Pterula sp.。强启动菌株QD-1在牧草降解减容过程中不易受牧草中固有微生物的影响,在牧草基质中能迅速生长成为优势菌株,有利于实现降解减容过程的可控与标准化操作。该研究为外接真菌强化牧草降解减容的推广应用提供了一定的理论基础,同时也为农业生产过程中秸秆的处理提供了参考。     

Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow in Converter Combined Blown Bath

The fluid flow mathematic models in converter combined blown are set up.It is simulated for flow state and velocity distribution of gas and stir action in different behaviours of bottom blown,top blown and combined blown by software PHOENICS(Parabolic Hyperbolic or Elliptic Numerical Integration Codes Series).In normal operation condition of ejection guns,the fluid flow in bath is axisymmetric three-dimensions flow.The results reveal out dynamic main area and slowness cyclone zones,also asked dead zone abating or erasing in practice.These shows that bottom blown gun ought to 0.5~0.7 circumference diameter of fused bath using top-bottom combined blown process.     

On line tool breakage monitoring method based on power information and cross-correlation algorithm

In order to reliably monitor unexpected tool failure and prevent workpiece or machine tool from possible damages in batch machining, a tool breakage on-line monitoring method based on power information and cross-correlation algorithm is proposed. In this method, wavelet coefficients of spindle-power signal are used as the characteristic vector of machining information, and then the vector sequence extracted from a normal machining process via Mallat wavelet is defined as the reference template for monitoring cutting tool condition. In batch machining, real-time characteristic vector of the workpiece in machining process is extracted via an improved real-time wavelet algorithm. The correlation of two vector sub-sequences within a sampling time window, which is described by generalized cross-correlation coefficient, decreases apparently when the tool is broken. The generalized cross-correlation coefficient is defined as tool condition index (TCI), and tool breakage can be detected by monitoring the TCI with a threshold value. Experiments show that the method can accurately identify tool breakage failures in normal machining condition, and thus it is practical.     

Research on the Strengthening Effect of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal by the Multi-loop Reactor in Low Carbon-resource Condition

A multi-loop reactor is constructed based on analysis of temporal and spatial character of several continuous current nitrogen and phosphorus removal process in this paper.Through cross experiment design,the important factors to influence the effect of the nitrogen and phosphorus removing under low carbon-resource condition were found,and the feasible control parameters of the biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal process under low carbon-resource condition were put forward.The results are valuable for design and operation of wastewater treatment process with similar conditions.     

THE CLASSIFICATION THEOREM OF THE STATES FOR AN IRREDUCIBLE APERIODIC MARKOV.CHAIN AND ITS APPLICATION ON CERTAIN QUEUEING PROCESS

A sufficient condition of the recurrence and a sufficient and ne- cessary condition of the transience for an irreducible and aperiodic Markvo chain are given in this paper. The theorem 4 and- theorem 5 proved by F, G. Foster [1] are just the particular cases of them. Finally, these results are applied to the embedded Markov chain associated with queueing process so as to resolve the problem of the state classification for M/G/1 queueing process with bulk service studied by Bailey [2].     

The Evaluating Model of the BSC in the Audit of the Capacity of Sustainable Operation

With the increasingly economic competition in the World, the audit industry, numerous investors and the enterprises pay more and more attention on the audit of company's sustainable operation. In view of existing situation that the audit on the capacity of sustainable operation attach main importance to the finance of the audited company, in the result, it is difficult to recognize it completely. The model of the balanced scorecard is used, an indicator system that combine company's finance condition and non-finance condition is built in the sustainable operation audit. Basing on the way to process non-dimensional quantities of indicators, the audit use the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights of the evaluating indicators and take the degree of gray incidence as the evaluation criteria.     

GIS技术在中国农业气候区划中的应用进展

地理信息系统（GIS）的空间分析功能与传统区划方法的结合,可以得到更加精细的农业气候区划结果,其作为一种技术手段已经广泛应用于农业气候区划,为当地农业生产决策提供可靠的依据。笔者着重从气候要素细网格化、区划成果数字化、信息服务、“3S”技术相结合等四个方面,总结GIS技术在中国农业气候区划中的应用进展,对应用中所存在的问题进行分析讨论,提出将来可能的研究方向,以期对该领域的研究提供参考。几点建议如下：（1）进行农业气候区划时应综合考虑多种自然环境因素和社会因子;（2）运用GIS技术进行“自下而上”的区域合并过程中,需要更好地结合自动合并与人工合并;（3）区划指标应考虑运用逻辑交集运算;（4）建立基于Web技术的开放式共享GIS农业气候区划平台;（5）GIS结合GPS、卫星遥感数据可以从宏观的角度全面监测农作物的整个生长发育过程,对指导农业生产具有重要的应用价值。     

A Shared Resource Mutually Exclusive Operation in Parallel Processing System--The Application Model of Lock Control Thechnology

It is one of the pivotal technology that mutually exclusive operation is in the system structural design of the parallel processing to solve resource conflict.Traditionally,the sharer resource mutually exclusive operation is managed by single-computer operation system time-sharing mode for multitask condition,but all of parallel nodes possess renovate right in multi-mode OS,so high-grade lock mechanism is a pivotal technology to solve share resource confilict in parallel process to prevent share resource accessing conflict.This article describes lock control arithmetic of mutually exclusive operation from system structure and puts forward mutually exclusive operation model based on NODS.     

荷兰豆物流保鲜技术

介绍了荷兰豆的贮藏特性及适宜的保鲜环境条件,概述了荷兰豆采后物流过程中的保鲜技术工艺和操作要点,为荷兰豆采后的贮运保鲜提供参考。     

水茄叶片总皂苷超声提取工艺的研究

为提高水茄叶片总皂苷的提取率,本试验优化水茄总皂苷的提取工艺。以水茄叶片总皂苷提取率为评价指标,通过单因素试验考察乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间和提取温度对提取率的影响;在单因素试验的基础上,进行响应面试验设计,对水茄叶片总皂苷的超声辅助提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为乙醇浓度80.30%,料液比1:15.06 (g/mL),提取时间95.56 min,提取温度62.29℃,在此条件下,水茄叶片总皂苷的理论提取率为38.82%,且响应面模型拟合性良好、预测性良好、操作可信。响应面法优化的水茄叶片总皂苷超声提取工艺稳定可行。     

一次南支小槽引发的贵州南部暴雨天气过程的预报偏差分析

为了准确分析和精细化预报贵州暴雨的落区情况,基于NCEP 2.5°×2.5°的FNL资料和常规天气图以及数值预报等资料,对2015年6月13日发生在贵州南部及东南部的一次大范围较强暴雨过程的成因和预报偏差进行分析。结果表明:高空低涡冷槽、南支小槽、低空急流建立是此次暴雨过程的直接影响系统;假相当位温锋区的位置对强降水出现的时次和位置有一定的指示作用,并且暴雨区上空低层负涡度、高层正涡度形成抽吸结构,涡度移动的方向与天气系统的移动方向比较一致。副热带高压的缓慢加强西进是阻挡降水东移的关键,近地层西北偏北路径冷空气的补充为暴雨天气提供了触发条件,而垂直速度则为强对流天气预报中提供了很好的指示作用。EC模式对贵州暴雨预报时次和量级效果较好,但对降雨落区存在偏差。     

不同光照条件下新疆小拟南芥可塑性反应的生理生化特性

为揭示出小拟南芥可塑性反应的生理生化特点，采用不同光照强度处理新疆小拟南芥，研究其主要生理生化指标，结果表明：在一定的条件下，叶绿素含量随着光照强度的增大而增大。在抗氧化系统中，过氧化氢酶活性与生长光强的变化不一致。膜透性则随着光照强度的增大而增大。新疆小拟南芥组织中抗氧化系统的加强是响应强光的一种措施，显现出极强的可塑性。     

simulation of a brushless direct current motor based on finite state machine theory

A novel method simulating a brushless direct current(DC) motor was presented, based on principles of hybrid system modeling and finite state machine theory. Brushless DC motor control mainly focuses on controlling the on/off condition and power switch duration. Modes of control therefore can be defined by corresponding states, and the states can be combined as a finite state machine. This approach uses the popular Simulink/Stateflow simulation method to control brushless DC motor loops. A three phase brushless DC motor was analyzed to illustrate the process of model building with Simulink/Stateflow. The analysis demonstrates the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.     

污泥膨胀的原因及其控制方法

污泥膨胀不仅影响出水水质,增大污泥的处理费用,而且极易引起大量污泥流失,严重时可导致整个处理工艺失败。污泥膨胀分为丝状菌性污泥膨胀和非丝状菌性污泥膨胀,主要影响因素有污水水质、溶解氧、污泥负荷、冲击负荷以及运行方式和处理工艺等。通过临时控制措施、工艺设计控制措施、工艺运行控制措施可有效解决污泥膨胀问题。尽管当前有一些理论解释污泥膨胀问题,如表面积/容积比(A/V)假说,动力学理论,饥饿假说理论、NO假设,但缺乏充分的实验证明模型适用与否。需进一步完善污泥膨胀理论,为控制污泥膨胀提供严谨的理论依据。     

Study on Factors Affecting the Activated Sludge Bulking and Its Control

In this paper,the concept,types and mechanism of activated sludge bulking were introduced.The factors affecting the sludge bulking were discussed from the aspects of wastewater quality,such as wastewater with high content of carbon hydrate,decayed wastewater,wastewater with toxic substance,wastewater with unbalanced content of N and P and wastewater with low pH value;the environment conditions such as flowing state of the flow,operation manner,variation of water quality and other factors(pH,temperature,nutrition) etc.And also,the emergency controlling,environment controlling and process operating controlling methods are put forward for controlling activated sludge bulking.     

Operational Analysis of Open Untreated Sewage Source Heat Pump System

The effective sewage intake technology is prerequisite for the untreated sewage source heat pump system to run steadily. In terms of the insufficiency of current sewage intake technologies, an open sewage intake integration technology is proposed. The mathematical model and the distinguish basis of critical state are established for the sewage intake characteristic by defining some important operating parameters, such as the blocking coefficient, the contamination density and the section coefficient. Furthermore, the change rule of each critical operation parameter is observed along with the various initial parameters. The result can provide the theoretical basis to design the open intake integration technology.     

芝麻蛋白酶水解条件的研究

对芝麻蛋白的酶水解工艺进行了初步研究,结果为:①通过比较,选用木瓜蛋白酶为酶解芝麻蛋白制备功能性短肽的专用酶,其工艺参数为:底物质量浓度9.0 g/L,酶添加量20.0%,pH值6.5,温度50℃,时间6 h,在此工艺下得到的酶解产物的抗氧化活性最高,对邻苯三酚自氧化的抑制率为35.6%;②酶解前的热处理可以提高酶水解的效果,最佳的热处理条件是将蛋白溶液在90℃下加热10 min。     

污灌区盐渍化土壤重金属Cd的形态分析及其影响因素

以受盐渍化及重金属Cd污染的天津污灌区土壤作为研究对象,探讨盐渍化土壤重金属的形态分布及其影响因素。研究的盐分种类主要为NaCl和Na_2SO_4,盐度7个[添加质量分数依次为0%(CK)、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、1%、2%和5%],采用Tessier连续提取法测定土壤前3种重金属的形态(可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化态),得出重金属的形态分布规律。结果表明:在添加NaCl盐度条件下,土壤中Cd碳酸盐结合态可交换态铁锰氧化态,可交换态含量与盐度、重金属总量、pH值和有机质均呈显著相关。在添加Na_2SO_4盐度条件下,土壤中Cd铁锰氧化态可交换态碳酸盐结合态,可交换态、碳酸盐结合态与pH值和有机质均呈极显著相关,铁锰氧化态与pH值呈显著负相关。盐度与Cd各形态也有不同程度的相关性。在添加NaCl盐度条件下,pH值对可交换态含量有重要影响;有机质对碳酸盐结合态含量有重要影响;Cd含量对铁锰氧化态含量有重要影响。在添加Na_2SO_4盐度条件下,有机质对可交换态含量有重要影响;pH值、有机质对碳酸盐结合态含量有重要影响;CEC对铁锰氧化态含量有重要影响。得出的Cd形态分布规律以及土壤各理化性质对Cd形态含量的影响分析对土壤重金属的污染防治和生态风险评价提供了基本的理论依据。     

Real time Defining Method & Algorithm of the Characteristic Values of a System

Defining of the characteristic values in a system property curve is the key to judge the run state of the system .It is very important to differentiate its characteristic values dynamically and real timely. According to the projecting geometrical feature of the characteristic values in the system property curve,the on line analysis method with simple algorithm and high accuracy to analyze and define these characteristic values is presented, and the run state of the system is determined.     

高光谱反演植被水分含量研究综述

高光谱反演技术凭借快速、有效和不破坏植被的优势,已成为评估植被水分含量的重要方法。本研究概述了利用高光谱数据反演植被水分含量的研究进展。重点介绍了反演植被水分含量模型所用高光谱参数、指数的选择与变换方法,以及建立植被水分含量模型的几种常用方法,并分析了各种方法的适用条件。最后针对目前的研究进行了展望。