水发海参中甲醛的气相色谱法测定

本文探讨了一种水发海参中游离甲醛的气相色谱测定方法。甲醛以2，4－二硝基苯肼衍生后，经OV－17柱分析，电子捕获检测器检测。方法灵敏度高，重现性好，且衍生产物稳定，室温下放置，4天内测定结果平行。     

中华鲟在鱼卵和1~+龄阶段对脂肪酸选择利用的研究

为研究中华鲟对脂肪酸的选择利用,采用国标方法,对野生与人工养殖中华鲟成熟鱼卵和肌肉的脂肪酸组成进行了测定分析。试验结果显示:野生中华鲟卵细胞中C18:1和C22:6(DHA)脂肪酸的含量高于养殖的中华鲟成熟卵细胞;在相同的养殖环境和投饲策略下,野生中华鲟幼鱼合成或富集n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的能力高于养殖的中华鲟幼鱼。研究表明,中华鲟亲鱼在发育过程中对营养素的累积具有差异性,多不饱和脂肪酸,尤其是DHA、EPA和ARA脂肪源,对中华鲟亲鱼性腺发育和幼鱼生长发育具有重要意义。     

气相色谱法测定鸡蛋中氯霉素残留量

研究了鸡蛋中氯霉素残留的气相色谱测定方法。样品经乙酸乙酯提取后，用Sylon BFT衍生化，进电子捕获检测仪（ECD）测定，外标法定量．结果表明，方法的线性范围在1．0～300ng／mL之间，平均回收率达93．4％，平均相对标准偏差5．5％，检测限为0．1μg／kg。     

气相色谱法测定鸡蛋中氯霉素残留量

研究了鸡蛋中氯霉素残留的气相色谱测定方法。样品经乙酸乙酯提取后,用SylonBFT衍生化,进电子捕获检测仪(ECD)测定,外标法定量。结果表明,方法的线性范围在1.0～300ng/mL之间,平均回收率达93.4%,平均相对标准偏差5.5%,检测限为0.1μg/kg。     

贝类中多氯联苯残留量的气相色谱法测定

本文建立了贝类中多氯联苯残留量的气相色谱分析方法。样品采用正己烷提取,浓硫酸净化,浓缩后用气相色谱法进行定量分析。结果表明,7种指示性多氯联苯的响应值与其质量浓度在5．00—200ng／mL范围内均呈良好线性关系,相关系数均大于0．999。泥蚶、牡蛎、花蛤三种样品在三个添加水平的平均回收率为77．6％～108％,相对标准偏差为1．26％～7．89％,方法的检出限为0．5μg／kg。该方法前处理过程简便快捷,净化效果好,准确性高,可满足实验室大量、快速分析的需求。     

海星中脂肪酸的GC-MS分析

用索氏提取器提取了海星中的脂肪,经皂化、甲酯化处理,用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)鉴定了20种成分及其相对含量.海星中脂肪酸主要包括油酸(14.37%)、亚油酸(12.52%)、硬脂炔酸(7.14%)、11-廿碳烯酸(7.86%)、棕榈油酸(3.31%)、软脂酸(19.55%)、硬脂酸(8.48%)、花生酸(6.00%)和十五碳烷酸(9.01%)等;其中,不饱和脂肪酸占45.15%,饱和脂肪酸占54.85%.     

气相色谱法测定水产品中7种拟除虫菊酯的残留量

建立了水产品中联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯7种拟除虫菊酯残留量同时测定的气相色谱（GC-ECD）法。样品中的菊酯用环己烷和乙酸乙酯提取,乙腈饱和的石油醚去脂肪,过LC-Florisil柱净化,正己烷定容,用带电子俘获器的气相色谱仪检测。该方法在1～100μg• L-1浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r＞0.992;在5、10、20μg•kg-1三个添加浓度水平下的回收率在70.0%～114.8%之间,日内精密度为1.2%～9.8%（n＝5）,日间精密度为3.8%～11.2%（n＝3）;根据2倍信噪比计算,联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯的最低检测限为1μg•kg-1,氯菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯的最低检测限为2μg•kg-1。     

微粒饲料中以微藻粉替代鱼油对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)稚鱼生长存活和脂肪酸组成的影响

以18日龄的牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)稚鱼为研究对象,通过11 d 的生长实验,研究了添加不同比例的微藻粉替代鱼油对牙鲆稚鱼生长、存活率和脂肪酸组成的影响。以鱼油组(FO)为对照组,以裂壶藻粉(Schizochytrium sp.)、微绿球藻粉(Nannochloropsis sp.)和橄榄油替代不同比例的鱼油,配制成5组等氮等能的实验饲料,分别命名为鱼油组(FO),50%混合替代组(M50)、100%混合替代组(M100)、100%裂壶藻橄榄油替代组(S100)、100%微绿球藻橄榄油替代组(N100)。结果显示,微藻粉替代鱼油对牙鲆稚鱼的生长无显著影响;含有裂壶藻的各饲料组(M50、M100、S100)成活率显著高于 FO 组和 N100组(P?0.05);微藻粉替代鱼油不影响牙鲆稚鱼主要脂肪酸的组成;Person相关性分析发现,C14：0、C16：1n-7、C18：2n-6、C20：0、C18：3n-3、C22：0、C20：4n-3、EPA、C22：5n-6和 DHA 的百分含量均与其饲料中的百分含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05);总饱和脂肪酸、总单不饱和脂肪酸、n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的百分含量以及 DHA/EPA 比率均与其饲料组成表现出显著正相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,微藻作为脂肪源替代鱼油完全可以满足牙鲆稚鱼的生长和发育,各种脂肪酸均可以被牙鲆稚鱼充分消化和吸收,并且添加两种微藻后提高了稚鱼的 DHA 含量和 DHA/EPA 比率,与鱼油对照组相比显著提高了牙鲆稚鱼的成活率。因此,以微藻替代鱼油在牙鲆稚鱼的培育中是可行的。     

Effect of Dietary Essential Fatty Acids and Vitamins on Egg Quality in Turbot Broodstocks

Varying egg quality is one of the main factors interfering with the reliable performance of marine fish hatcheries. As larval performance during the first period largely depends on the availability of essential nutrients, the endogenous provision of these nutrients through the egg stages, and possibly parental diet, might be an important tool in improving hatchery output. Therefore, several feeding experiments were conducted on turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) broodstock reared under production conditions at two commercial facilities in France: France Turbot (FT) and Sepia Conseil (SC). Diets varied mainly in essential fatty acids (-3 HUFA), Vitamins C and E, and were fed for 2–3 months prior to the reproductive season. Egg quality parameters, i.e. fertilization and hatching rate, egg and oil droplet diameter, and biochemical composition, were monitored for each female during its total reproductive phase.Egg size during the reproductive cycle showed a low variability among females receiving the same treatment, but became significantly smaller as the season progressed. The same occurred for the oil globule in the non-vitamin supplemented groups, whereas it significantly increased in the vitamin-supplemented groups. However, these observations could not be correlated with any of the hatching or fertilization characteristics. The egg dimensions also varied as a function of the diet supplied, i.e. high HUFA levels in the broodstock diet resulted in a significant increase of egg diameter, oil globule diameter as well as fertilization rate. Interestingly, the control groups, with the lowest fertilization rate, had the highest hatching percentage, significantly higher than the HUFA/non-vitamin enriched groups.Using non-selected sources of trash fish as a food source at SC resulted in low levels of ascorbic acid (AA) in the eggs compared to the administration of an optimal quality batch of mackerel at FT. Enrichment of the trash fish with ascorbate-2–polyphosphate (ApP) resulted in a tripling of the AA content. Extra enrichment of the FT control diet did not further increase the levels in the eggs, suggesting that a saturation level was obtained. The major fatty acids in turbot eggs as well as freshly hatched larva are 16:0, 18:1-9, 20:5-3 and 22:6-3, but no obvious changes in their pattern could be detected for the different broodstock treatments. However, the level of 20:4-6 was significantly higher in the control group of FT, and showed a high correlation with the hatching percentage of the eggs obtained from the various broodstock treatments.     

中华圆田螺氨基酸、脂肪酸营养价值与重金属安全性评价

为分析中华圆田螺(Cipangopaludina cathayensis)肌肉营养成分及重金属污染状况,检测了中华圆田螺肌肉的常规营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸及部分重金属含量,采用氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)对肌肉氨基酸进行评价,并用单因子污染指数(I)、综合污染指数(P)和目标危险系数(THQ)对肌肉安全性进行评价。结果显示,中华圆田螺粗蛋白、水分、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量分别为13.89%、76.52%、0.57%和5.21%;肌肉中共检出16种氨基酸,总量为106.2 mg/g,包含8种人体必需氨基酸,占比36.8%,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为248.2,鲜味氨基酸占比48.2%。共检出19种脂肪酸,其中,8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA),占比43.8%;11种不饱和脂肪酸,占比56.2%,其中,EPA+DHA(eicosapentaenoic acid+docosahexaenoic acid)含量达到了9.77%。肌肉中铅、镉、铬和铜含量分别为0.897、0.0055、0.214和4.62 mg/kg,均符合国家卫生标准。除铅污染指数为0.897外,其余均低于0.15。综合污染指数为0.66,处于较清洁状态。综合来看,中华圆田螺具有高蛋白、低脂肪的营养特性,EPA和DHA含量丰富,无重金属暴露风险,营养价值及养殖开发价值较高。本研究探究了中华圆田螺的营养价值和安全性,可为中华圆田螺资源合理开发利用提供一定参考。     

豆油替代鱼油对圆斑星鲽幼鱼生长和肌肉脂肪酸的影响

本实验旨在研究饲料中豆油替代鱼油对圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)幼鱼生长和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响。用豆油分别替代0、25%、50%和75%的鱼油,配制4组等氮、等脂肪的饲料。选择初始体重为(65.47±1.57)g的圆斑星鲽幼鱼360尾,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,养殖56 d。结果显示,(1)随着豆油替代水平的升高,增重率(WGR)呈现降低的趋势(P0.05),饲料系数(FCR)呈现升高的趋势(P0.05),25%替代组的WGR高于鱼油组(P0.05)。(2)豆油替代鱼油对圆斑星鲽肌肉的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分和水分含量无显著性影响(P0.05),对肝体比(HSI)、脏体比(VSI)和肥满度(CF)无显著性影响(P0.05),豆油替代组肝脏的脂肪含量显著高于鱼油组(P0.05)。(3)随着饲料中豆油水平的增加,圆斑星鲽幼鱼肌肉亚油酸(C18:2n-6)和亚麻酸(C18:3n-3)显著升高(P0.05),而二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)则显著降低(P0.05)。研究结果表明,在该实验条件下,饲料中高比例的豆油替代鱼油会降低鱼体的生长性能和肌肉脂肪酸营养品质。     

Changes in some components of the muscle lipids of three freshwater fish species under natural extreme cold and temperate conditions

Fatty acid composition, conjugated linoleic acid and cholesterol contents in the muscles of three freshwater fish species (Barbus plebejus escherichi, Capoeta capoeta capoeta and Rutilus rutilus) were determined under natural extreme temperate (July) and cold (January) conditions. The aim of the study was to determine whether there were differences in these components of the muscle lipids among these three fish species under extreme natural conditions. Samples were analyzed using gas chromatography. Palmitic, oleic, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids were the predominant fatty acids in all fish in both months. The percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids, n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, n − 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosapentaenoic + docosahexaenoic acids in the muscle of B. plebejus escherichi and C. capoeta capoeta were significantly higher in January (P < 0.05) than in July. The ratio of n − 6 to n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was lower than 0.60 in all fish species, with C. capoeta capoeta showing the lowest ratio in January (0.36). The levels of cholesterol and conjugated linoleic acid ranged from 103.46 to 150.10 mg/100 g oil and from 16.27 to 35.45 mg/100 g oil, respectively, for all samples in both months. There were no statistical differences in cholesterol levels among the three fish species in July and January. Conjugated linoleic acid contents were significantly higher in January in B. plebejus escherichi and C. capoeta capoeta. Of the three species tested, the extreme temperate and cold conditions affected B. plebejus escherichi the most.     

Proximate,Fatty Acid,and Amino Acid Compositions of Fish Muscle and Egg Tissue of Hilsa (Tenualosa) ilisha

The total lipid profile including the fatty acid composition and amino acid composition in eggs of Hilsa (Tenualosa) ilisha was studied in comparison with its muscle tissue. The eggs contained 30.4% lipid (on dry basis), which was 1.2 times higher than that of the muscle tissue lipid. The major portion of the egg lipid was composed of wax ester (about 47.6%) followed by triacylglycerol (TAG), phospholipid (PL), and cholesterol. The muscle tissue lipid contained TAG as the major fraction (41.8 ± 1.48%). Total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was about 43 ± 0.05% and 32.4 ± 0.24% in egg PL and body tissue PL fractions, respectively. Among fatty alcohols of egg wax ester, 16:0 alcohol is predominant (56.4 ± 3.02%). Both the egg and muscle tissues are rich in all essential amino acids. The results indicate that muscle and eggs from Hilsa are rich in essential amino acids, PUFA, and phospholipids which are essential for human health and membrane development.     

灯光诱饵技术对深水网箱养殖鱼类品质的影响

为评估太阳能灯光诱饵技术在深水网箱养殖鱼类品质改善方面的应用效果,本研究在青岛金沙滩海域的深水网箱中设计并安装太阳能灯光诱饵设备,通过“灯光诱饵”吸引活体饵料聚集于网箱内,从而为实验大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)、鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)和真鲷(Pagrus major)提供天然饵料,全程无人工投饵,使其在自然状态下,拟半野生化养殖至上市。大黄鱼、鲈鱼和真鲷经过5个月的实验网箱及传统网箱养殖后,通过测定其脂肪、脂肪酸和氨基酸含量判断其品质。结果显示,在安装灯光诱饵设备的影响下,网箱养殖大黄鱼、鲈鱼和真鲷的感官性状显著好于传统网箱养殖鱼类,11月3种鱼体肥满度比6月均显著下降(P<0.05)。灯光诱饵网箱养殖大黄鱼和真鲷肌肉内粗脂肪含量分别比传统网箱养殖低75.24%和46.81%,差异极显著(P<0.01),鲈鱼差异不显著(P>0.05)。灯光诱饵网箱养殖大黄鱼、鲈鱼和真鲷肌肉内DHA含量高于传统网箱养殖鱼类,差异极显著(P<0.01);总脂肪酸含量、棕榈酸含量低于传统网箱养殖鱼类,差异极显著(P<0.01)。灯光诱饵网箱养殖的3种鱼的肌肉内的呈味氨基酸、呈鲜味氨基酸、呈甘味氨基酸、总氨基酸和非必需氨基酸含量均升高,其中大黄鱼变化最显著,实验组比对照组的呈味氨基酸、呈鲜味氨基酸和呈甘味氨基酸含量分别高11.78%、9.17%和19.57%,差异显著(P<0.05)。研究表明,太阳能灯光诱饵深水网箱养鱼技术虽然降低了养殖鱼类的生长速度,但可以改善养殖鱼类品质,且养殖投入明显降低,养殖收入显著提高,该方法可显著提升产出效益,因此,可作为一种绿色健康养殖模式进行推广应用。     

超高效液相色谱法测定鱼体组织中培氟沙星的含量

建立了测定鱼血浆、肌肉、肝胰脏、肾脏中培氟沙星含量的超高液相色谱一紫外法。将组织样品剪碎后用磷酸二氢钾溶液提取,固相萃取柱净化,0．1％甲酸水溶液：LN（V：V=90：10）流动相洗脱。该方法血浆的检出限为0．01μg·mL-1,肌肉、肝胰脏、肾脏的检出限均为0．02μg·g-1,线性范围为0．01-10μg·mL-1,平均回收率为70．2-95．1％。本方法的前处理过程操作简便,避免使用有机溶剂,减少对环境的污染和人体健康的伤害。