中药理气导滞汤对绵羊瓣胃和子宫电活动的影响

中药理气导滞汤,对绵羊瓣胃和子宫电活动产生明显的增强作用。能诱导瓣胃电活动期的时程延长,或使瓣胃电活动出现40min 以上的持续状态.可引起瓣胃和子宫峰电振幅增大,以及子宫慢波峰电簇的频率加快。     

绵羊瓣胃血管和神经分布的特征

(一)绵羊瓣胃两侧的动脈血管绵羊瓣胃两侧血管均来自瓣皱动脈分支。瓣胃左侧血管直接来自瓣皱动脈一三四分支和瓣皱动脈主干,其中以三四分支的血管分布范围最广;瓣胃左侧的血管多与胃肌表层纤维呈平行方向。瓣胃右侧血管直接来自瓣皱动脈一二分支和瓣皱动脈主干,后者在瓣胃右侧血管中占主要地位;但在瓣胃右侧中仅有少数血管与胃肌表层纤维呈平行方向。 (二)绵羊瓣胃的两侧神经绵羊瓣胃的交感神经均来自两侧腹腔神经节;一部分交感纤维沿瓣皱动脈分支以散射形式进入瓣胃,另一部分交感纤维,以呈束的形式单独或混入迷走神经內向瓣胃两侧分布。进入瓣胃的付交感神经,有迷走背干和腹干的纤维;瓣胃左侧的付交感神经来自迷走背干分支;瓣胃右侧的付交感神经,主要来自迷走腹干分支,仅有少数纤维来自迷走背干的分支.     

绵羊瓣胃食后不同生理状态的胃电活动规律

绵羊瓣胃的胃电活动,不同个体间存在规律和不规律两种类型。规律型电活动在进食后4～7,25～32,70～75h期间,瓣胃各部胃电活动期的时程均相似(38.86±11.87s);只有瓣胃尾部在进食后4～7,25～32h期间,连续发生的短时程活动期(25～55s),较70～75h的短时程活动期多。不规律型胃电活动在进食后4～7,25～32,70～75h期间,网瓣口、瓣胃沟、瓣胃前部等每一部位的基本电节律均无显著差异;仅瓣胃中部在进食后70～75h期间,胃电活动期的节律较25～32h期间增加了22.22％,特别30s以内的短时程活动期有明显增加。进食对两种类型的胃电活动,均能产生持续性增强的效应。     

剖腹产绵羊胎衣不下的子宫电活动

１只剖腹产绵羊胎衣不下５ｄ的子宫电活动表明：术后第１天子宫各部位电活动同时起步,子宫峰电振幅较强,电活动率较高,以后均逐渐减少;峰电活动期的平均时程：子宫体后４天比第１天显著增加,空角无明显变化,孕角后３天比第２天显著减少;第２天开始电活动由子宫体向子宫角方向移行;后３天子宫体电活动率比子宫角多     

绵羊瓣—皱胃相邻部位电活动规律的研究

瓣—皱胃相邻部位电活动的对应形式,按个体可分为三类,第一类瓣胃尾端和皱胃头端的电活动,为活动期与间歇期交互进行的交替型;第二类瓣胃尾端和皱胃头端的电活动,为无明显间歇期的持续型;第三类为前两类之间的中间型,即瓣胃尾端的电活动呈现交替型,而皱胃头端的电活动则呈现持续型。阿托品对瓣胃尾端电活动最初产生短暂的抑制,随后诱发峰电活动的增强;对皱胃头端电活动有显著的抑制效应。酚妥拉明主要能加强瓣胃尾端和皱胃头端慢波的活动。     

东北小鲵端脑发生和发育的电生理学特性研究

[目的]探讨东北小鲵（ Hynobius leechii）端脑发生与发育的电生理学特性。[方法]应用微电极电生理技术,对东北小鲵端脑发生和发育不同时期的自发电活动进行在体胞外记录。[结果]东北小鲵端脑发生和发育各时期自发放电形式共有单个放电、连续单个放电、簇状放电、连续簇状放电和不规则放电五种形式。端脑的发生阶段为3种,以单个放电和连续单个放电为主,记录到少数簇状放电;端脑的发育阶段为5种,以单个放电为主。随着端脑发生和发育的进行,胞外放电幅度逐渐提高,放电持续时间增加,放电频率加快,并于成体期达到最大;单个放电时程逐渐缩短;其它放电形式伴随发生发育过程相继出现。[结论]随着东北小鲵端脑发生与发育,神经元的兴奋性逐步提高,神经元电活动形式逐渐多样化。     

东北小鲵端脑发生和发育的电生理学特性研究（英文）

[目的]探讨东北小鲵(Hynobius leechii)端脑发生与发育的电生理学特性。[方法]应用微电极电生理技术,对东北小鲵端脑发生和发育不同时期的自发电活动进行在体胞外记录。[结果]东北小鲵端脑发生和发育各时期自发放电形式共有单个放电、连续单个放电、簇状放电、连续簇状放电和不规则放电五种形式。端脑的发生阶段为3种,以单个放电和连续单个放电为主,记录到少数簇状放电;端脑的发育阶段为5种,以单个放电为主。随着端脑发生和发育的进行,胞外放电幅度逐渐提高,放电持续时间增加,放电频率加快,并于成体期达到最大;单个放电时程逐渐缩短;其它放电形式伴随发生发育过程相继出现。[结论]随着东北小鲵端脑发生与发育,神经元的兴奋性逐步提高,神经元电活动形式逐渐多样化。     

中华蟾蜍胚后嗅球神经元自发电活动的发育变化

[目的]探讨中华蟾蜍(Bufo bufo gargarizans)胚后嗅球神经元自发电活的电生理学特性的发育变化。[方法]应用微电极电生理技术,对中华蟾蜍胚后嗅球神经元的自发放电活动进行在体胞外记录。[结果]随着嗅球的发育,其神经元的放电形式逐渐增多,单个放电振幅逐渐增大,且在变态期达最大;连续放电振幅在胚后发育的中期变化不大,但高于发育的早期和成体期;连续簇状放电频率随着发育时期而降低,但在成体期再次升高,而连续单个放电频率只在成体期增大。[结论]随着嗅球的发育,神经元的兴奋性逐步提高,神经元电活动形式逐渐呈现多样化。     

经尿道等离子双极电切治疗表浅膀胱肿瘤48例

目的了解经尿道等离子双极电切治疗表浅膀胱肿瘤的安全性和疗效。方法用等离子双极电切系统经尿道切除表浅膀胱肿瘤48例,术后定期行膀胱内灌注丝裂霉素(MMC)2a,每3个月行膀胱镜检查,38例平均随访24个月。结果48例均成功经尿道手术切除膀胱肿瘤。2例发生闭孔神经反射,无膀胱穿孔。术后发生尿道狭窄3例。结论经尿道等离子双极电切治疗表浅膀胱肿瘤是一种安全有效的方法。     

山羊胃的迷走神经分布

对12只山羊用10%福尔马林固定后进行解剖观察,其结果见迷走背侧干和腹侧干分支除进入腹腔神经丛和肝神经丛外,尚有分支进入贲门、幽门、胰腺、瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃和小网膜。背侧干和腹侧干间存在着广泛的交通支。     

Vagotomy: effect on electrically elicited eating and self-stimulation in the lateral hypothalamus

A subdiaphragmatic vagotomy markedly inhibits eating and self-stimulation produced in rats by lateral hypothalamic stimulation. The stomach is known to be affected by hypothalamic stimulation via the vagus, and afferents from the stomach can influence the hypothalamus via the same nerve. Consequently, this result suggests that eating and self-stimulation may be partly controlled by hypothalamic influences on the stomach which, in turn, affects hypothalamic sensitivity.     

眼柄切除对克氏原螯虾蜕皮·生长·性腺发育的影响

于1996年在虾池试验中用烧烫挤压法切除雌性克氏原螯虾单侧、双侧眼柄,研究了眼柄切除对克氏原螯虾蜕皮、生长及性腺发育的影响。结果表明,在该试验条件下,去除眼柄后,克氏原螯虾蜕皮加快,蜕皮周期缩短,生长速度同比例增长。蜕皮、生长速度和性腺发育均是双侧组>单侧组>对照组,组间差异极显著(P<0.01)。切除单侧、双侧眼柄后,克氏原螯虾加快卵巢成熟,而且组间差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

Acetylcholine-synthesizing T cells relay neural signals in a vagus nerve circuit

Neural circuits regulate cytokine production to prevent potentially damaging inflammation. A prototypical vagus nerve circuit, the inflammatory reflex, inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α production in spleen by a mechanism requiring acetylcholine signaling through the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expressed on cytokine-producing macrophages. Nerve fibers in spleen lack the enzymatic machinery necessary for acetylcholine production; therefore, how does this neural circuit terminate in cholinergic signaling? We identified an acetylcholine-producing, memory phenotype T cell population in mice that is integral to the inflammatory reflex. These acetylcholine-producing T cells are required for inhibition of cytokine production by vagus nerve stimulation. Thus, action potentials originating in the vagus nerve regulate T cells, which in turn produce the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, required to control innate immune responses.     

Effect of strychnine upon the electrical activity of an isolated nerve cell

The effect of strychnine upon the electrical activity recorded from the axon and the soma of an isolated nerve cell (the nonadapting stretch receptor cell of the crayfish) was studied. Protracted exposure of the soma of the cell to strychnine prolongs the duration of the intracellulary recorded action potential, as has been described in other excitable tissues treated with quaternary ammonium ions. During the plateau in the falling phase of the soma spike, the axon is usually firing repetitively. The stimulation of the inhibitory fiber produces a premature termination of the prolonged spike.     

从2013年小麦穗部冻害看调整小麦种性布局的重要性

[目的]从2013年小麦穗部冻害角度出发,分析调整小麦种性布局的重要性。[方法]介绍了淮北地区2012年小麦播种和生长发育情况,分析了该地区1990年以来小麦穗部冻害发生情况,并从2013年小麦穗部冻害出发有针对性地提出了防御对策。[结果]不同种性的小麦品种遇到低温寒流受冻程度不同,冬性和半冬性(偏冬)小麦品种抗寒能力比春性和偏春的半冬性品种强,受冻程度相对较轻。[结论]生产上应扩大冬性和偏冬的半冬性小麦品种的播种面积,提高抗御小麦穗部冻害的能力。     

Gallamine (Flaxedil) and synaptic transmission in the spinal cord

A paralyzing dose of gallamine (Flaxedil) (1 to 2 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) has no effect on synaptic transmission in the cat's spinal cord. In spinal cats ventilated with oxygen, we stimulated a dorsal spinal root and recorded the compound ventral root potential. The reflex potential was not affected by 6.25 milligrams of gallamine per kilogram. Giving 12.5 milligrams of gallamine per kilogram had no significant effect on the monosynaptic spike height, but the polysynaptic response rose briefly to 12 percent above control. Increased magnitude of the polysynaptic response appeared related to a concomitant rise in blood pressure.     

Modulation of memory processing by cholecystokinin: dependence on the vagus nerve

Allowing mice access to food immediately after an aversive training session enhances memory retention. Cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8), which is a gastrointestinal hormone released during feeding, also enhances memory retention when administered intraperitoneally. This memory-enhancing effect of CCK-8 is blocked when the vagus nerve is cut, indicating that CCK-8 may produce its effect on memory retention by activating ascending fibers in the vagus nerve. Thus, CCK-8, a peripherally acting peptide, may mediate the memory-enhancing effects of feeding.     

Function of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus was destroyed in cats. After periods of survival ranging from 9 to 44 days the response of heart, bronchi, esophagus, and duodenum to stimulation of the distal end of the cut cervical vagus was within the normal range or slightly depressed. It is concluded that the dorsal motor nucleus is not a major source of visceromotor fibers.