利用平衡致死系S8,S4选配雄蚕杂交组合的研究

以常规品种雌为母本，平衡致死系Ｓ８，Ｓ１４雄为欠本，按中×日的形式选配蚕杂交组合，通过对部共２８个雄蚕组合的雄蚕率及主要茧丝质性状的配合力测定，选拔出２对优良雄蚕杂交组合夏５×Ｓ１４，夏Ｓ４×Ｓ８，它们的雄蚕率达到９９％以上，目前已有少量进入农村中试。     

开发高新技术推广雄蚕品种

雄蚕的繁育与推广是提高蚕茧出丝率，增加茧丝绸生产经济效益的重大突破口，是二十一世纪蚕业发展的科技制高点。为在蚕业高科技领域拥有一席之地，迅速提升我县茧丝绸生产的经济效益，为新世纪我县蚕业的可持续发展打下坚实基础。我站于１９９９年开始从浙江省农科院蚕研所引进繁育、试养与推广了雄蚕品种，到２０００年晚秋蚕止，共计繁育了雄蚕品种１８００余张。其中饲养了第一代雄蚕种夏５×平２、夏４×平１。第二代雄蚕种夏华×平８共三对品种计３２３张。１ 推广雄蚕品种的主要实绩２．１ 雄蚕品种（尤其是第二代）具有强健好养、食…     

利用平衡致死系S_8、S_(14)选配雄蚕杂交组合的研究

以常规品种雌为母本,平衡致死系Ｓ８、Ｓ１４雄为父本,按中×日（或日×中）的形式选配雄蚕杂交组合,通过对总共２８个雄蚕组合的雄蚕率及主要茧丝质性状的配合力测定,选拔出２对优良雄蚕杂交组合夏５×Ｓ１４、夏Ｓ４×Ｓ８,它们的雄蚕率达到９９％以上,目前已有少量进入农村中试。     

雄蚕品种秋华x平30和秋丰x平28饲养初报

家蚕的性别遗传一般是雌雄各半,雄性个体在出丝率、叶丝转化率、茧丝质量以及抗逆性等方面都优于雌性。长期以来,人们希望在丝茧育中通过品种选育来实现雄蚕专养,近几年我国在这方面取得了重要突破。为了提高蚕茧质量和蚕桑生产的经济效益,我们进行了雄蚕品种秋华×平30和秋丰×平28的引进试验,2个品种表现均优于普通夏秋蚕品种(7532·湘晖×932·芙蓉),尤以秋华×平30表现最好。     

雄蚕品种华夏×平88农村试养报告

饲养雄蚕品种可以达到高效生产蚕茧的目的,因为雄蚕具有强健好养、食桑少、叶丝转化率高、丝质优的特点。引进浙江省蚕研所的雄蚕品种华夏×平88并与正常饲养的品种苏镇×春光进行对比试养,通过鲜茧产量、鲜茧丝质、干上茧丝质及成本的对比分析,结果表明:饲养华夏×平88雄蚕成本少,叶丝转化率、茧层率和出丝率高,专养雄蚕能够克服雌雄混养时蚕茧大小不一,茧丝质开差大而影响生丝质量的问题,能有效提高生丝品质。     

春用多丝量雄蚕品种“鲁菁×华阳”的育成

以家蚕平衡致死系平76为受体亲本,以丝质优良的普通蚕品种皓月为基因供体材料,采用杂交、自交和回交三步改良家蚕性连锁平衡致死系的方法,育成了经济性状优良的性连锁平衡致死系华阳;以限性皮斑蚕品种857为母本,以茧丝质优良、茧层率高、配合力优的蚕品种菁松为父本,转育成限性皮斑蚕品种鲁菁。两者组配成雄蚕杂交组合鲁菁×华阳,其雄蚕率达到98%以上,茧层率、万蚕茧层量和鲜茧出丝率分别比对照品种菁松×皓月高3.42%、0.46 kg和3.52个百分点,是一对经济性状优良的春用多丝量雄蚕品种。     

春秋兼用雄蚕新品种云蚕7×红平2的育成

雄蚕品种的培育和应用对于提高叶丝转化效率与生丝品位具有重要作用。以家蚕性连锁平衡致死系材料平30作为供体亲本,普通家蚕品种云蚕8作为受体亲本,采用回交改良的方法,育成了新的日系家蚕性连锁平衡致死系红平2,用该品系与限性皮斑中系品种云蚕7组配成雄蚕杂交组合云蚕7×红平2。经实验室鉴定和农村饲养鉴定,该雄蚕品种的雄蚕率达98%以上,且具有强健好养,产量稳定,茧丝产量高、品质优的特点,其中在四川、湖南、贵州、浙江4省实验室鉴定的虫蛹率、茧丝长、解舒丝长、解舒率、鲜茧出丝率分别比对照品种菁松×皓月提高0.63个百分点、155 m、154 m、1.9个百分点、1.5个百分点,茧丝洁净达到97.2分。该雄蚕品种适合在云南蚕区春秋期推广饲养,可生产缫制高品位生丝的原料茧。     

雄蚕杂交种的饲养标准技术研究 3.不同饲育技术标准对雄蚕发育及产茧量的影响

对夏华×平8用雄蚕饲育技术标准和常规品种二回育饲育技术标准做了对比饲养试验 ,调查其发育情况、龄期经过、稚蚕绝食生命时数和饥饿就眠率、眠蚕体重、蚕茧产质量等 ,结果雄蚕二回育技术标准能较好地控制日眠 ,从稚蚕绝食生命时数、饥饿就眠率及蚕茧产质量等综合分析看 ,雄蚕饲养标准更适合雄蚕的生理特点 ,更能发挥雄蚕品种的优良性状 ,可作为专养雄蚕的配套技术在生产上推广应用。     

雄蚕品种“春日×平1”春期试养简报

通过春期试养雄蚕品种春日×平 1 ,与对照种菁松×皓月、春蕾×镇珠并进行了茧质、丝质的全面比较 ,认为雄蚕品种春日×平 1已达到实用化阶段 ,饲养雄蚕可以获得较高的经济效益。     

雄蚕品种引进试验初报

雄蚕品种的引进与产业化推广是今后蚕业发展的方向。通过引进雄蚕品种夏华×平 8、华秋×平30在实验室对比和农村示范试验 ,试验结果表明 :雄蚕品种综合性状总体较优 ,但某些性状如产量、蚕茧解舒率等有待于进一步改良和完善     

牦牛瘤胃内饲料蛋白质降解率的研究

用瘤胃尼龙袋技术测定了１１种常见饲料在牦牛瘤胃内的降解率。根据饲养水平,瘤胃食糜的外流速度估计为０．０６７／ｈ。测定结果表明,玉米、豌豆秸粉、菜籽饼、豌豆、鱼粉、曲拉、肉骨粉、青稞、甲醛鱼粉、甲醛菜籽饼和麸皮的粗蛋白（ＣＰ）降解率分别为０．６８、０．５６、０．４４、０．８５、０．４９、０．５５、０．８１、０,８３、０．３８、０,４８和０．７９,干物质（ＤＭ）降解率依次为０．６８、０．３０、０．４９、０．７３、０．５０、０,５４、０,５９、０．８２、０．３２、０．４９和０．７４。     

Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma

Abstract This paper is a review of commonly used topical antibacterial medications: benzoyl peroxide, chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, ethyl lactate, triclosan, mupirocin, neomycin, polymyxin B, bacitracin and fusidic acid. Included is a review of the pharmacokinetics, modes of action, adverse effects and clinical uses in veterinary dermatology. General recommendations for topical antibacterial therapy are presented. Résumé— Cet article est une revue des topiques antibactériens les plus couramment utilisés: peroxyde de benzoyle, chlorhexidine, povidone iodée, lactate d'éthyle, triclosan, mupirocine, néomycine, polymyxine B, bacitracine et acide fucidique. Il inclut notamment une revue des pharmacocinétiques, des modes d'action, des effets secondaires et des indications thérapeutiques de ces produits en dermatologie vétérinaire. Les indications générales du traitement topique antibactérien sont présentées. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. (Traitement topique des pyodermites canines et félines). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.] Resumen Este articulo es una revisión de los productos tópicos antibacterianos más frecuentemente utilizados: peróxido de benzoilo, clorhexidina, povidona yodada, etillactato, triclosan, mupirocina, neomicina, polimixina B, bacitracina y ácido fusidico. Se incluye una revisión de la farmacocinética, mecanismos de acción, efectos colaterales y sus usos clínicos en dermatologia veterinaria. Se presentan recomendaciones generales para la terapia antibacteriana tópica. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. (Tratamiento topico de la pioderma canina y felina). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.] Zusammenfassung— Diese Veröffentlichung besteht in einer Übersicht von häufig verwendeten topischen antibakteriellen Arzneimitteln: Benzoylperoxid, Chlorhexidin, Povidon-Jod, Ethyllaktat, Triklosan, Mupirocin, Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Bacitracin und Fusidinsäure. Mit eingeschlossen ist eine Übersicht über Pharmakokinetik, Wirkungsweise, Nebenwirkungen und klinische Anwendung in der Veterinärdermatologie. Allgemeine Empfehlungen für die lokale antibakterielle Therapie werden dargestellt. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma (Lokale Behandlung von kaninen und felinen Pyodermien). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.]     

犬瘟热,细小病毒,腺病毒三联弱毒疫苗的研究

以犬瘟热（ＣＤＶＡ）、猫细小病毒（ＦＰＶ）、犬腺病毒（ＣＡＶ１）三个弱毒株为毒种,用ＳＰＦ鸡胚成纤维细胞、ＣＲＦＫ细胞、ＭＤＣＫ细胞分别增毒制苗,按一定比例与冻干保护剂混合,经冻干工艺精制成冻干三联弱毒疫苗。试验对制苗工艺参数、半成品与成品的检验、疫苗的安全性与免疫原性、疫苗的临床应用等内容进行了研究。结果显示：三联苗对犬、貉、狐等动物预防三种病毒性传染病效果显著。     

Effect of age on serum chemistry profile, electrophoresis and thyroid hormones in beagle dogs two weeks to one year of age

Chemistry tests were conducted on serum from young Beagle dogs in order to deter mine the effect of age on these parameters. Blood was collected at regular intervals from 25 normal Beagle puppies (13 males and 12 females) at ages ranging from 2 weeks to 12 months. Serum chemistry profiles, protein electrophoresis and radioimmunoassays for thyroxine and triiodothyronine were included. Rapidly changing age related differences were observed in several parameters. Urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglycerides, lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, glucose, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bilirubin values were elevated early in life, and decreased during the first 6 to 8 weeks, while alanine aminotransferase activity was low initially and increased during this period. Lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase attained stability by 3 months, but the remaining parameters showed slight changes subsequently, gradually approaching adult values. More gradual age related changes were observed in other parameters. These included alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus and calcium values, which were higher in younger dogs, and creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and total protein values, which were lower in younger dogs. Creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase values were stable by approximately 6 months; alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, calcium and total protein values continued to change gradually up to 1 year.     

MENISCAL OSSICLES IN LARGE NON-DOMESTIC CATS

Radiographs of the stifles of 6 species of 34 large, non-domestic cats were reviewed foremost for the presence of meniscal ossicles and then for the presence of the other potential four sesamoids. The animals in the review included 12 lions, 7 tigers, 7 cougars, 3 leopards, 3 bobcats, and 2 jaguars. Fluoroscopy, arthrography, computed tomography, necropsy, and histology were also used to evaluate the stifles of one tiger after euthanasia. Ossicles were found in the region of the cranial horn of the medial meniscus in most of the lions, tigers, leopards, and jaguars. These ossicles were found in half of the cougars but in none of the bobcats. Among the large, non-domestic cats, meniscal ossicles had been reported previously only in Bengal tigers. The lions, tigers, and leopards having meniscal ossicles appeared to have a lateral but often not a medial fabella of the gastrocnemius muscle, an observation previously unreported. Popliteal sesamoids and patellas were present in all the skeletally mature cats.     

An evaluation of pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses

Objective Evaluation of five pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses with sensors placed at five sites and hemoglobin saturation at three plateaus. Study design Prospective randomized multispecies experimental trial. Animals Five healthy dogs, cats and horses. Methods Animals were anesthetized and instrumented with ECG leads and arterial catheters. Five pulse oximeters (Nellcor Puritan Bennett‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and Surgi‐Vet V3304) with sensors at five sites were studied in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Ten readings (SpO₂) were taken at each of three hemoglobin saturation plateaus (98, 85 and 72%) in each animal. Arterial samples were drawn concurrently and hemoglobin saturation was measured with a co‐oximeter. Accuracy of saturation measurements was calculated as the root mean squared difference (RMSD), a composite of bias and precision, for each model tested in each species. Results Accuracy varied widely. In dogs, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 2.7, 2.2, 2.4, 1.7 and 2.7% respectively. Failure to produce readings for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 0, 0, 0.7, 0, and 20%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the tongue, toe, ear, lip and prepuce or vulva were 0.95, 0.97, 0.69, 0.87 and 0.95, respectively. In horses, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 3.1, 3.0, 4.7, 3.3 and 2.1%, respectively while rates of failure to produce readings were 10, 21, 0, 17 and 60%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the tongue, nostril, ear, lip and prepuce or vulva were 0.98, 0.94, 0.88, 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. In cats, the RMSD for all data for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 5.9, 5.6, 7.9, 7.9 and 10.7%, respectively while failure rates were 0, 0.7, 0, 20 and 32%, respectively. The correlation coefficients for the tongue, rear paw, ear, lip and front paw were 0.54, 0.79,.0.64, 0.49 and 0.57, respectively. For saturations above 90% in cats, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 2.6, 4.4, 4.0, 3.5 and 4.8%, respectively, while failure rates were 0, 1.7, 0, 25 and 43%, respectively. Conclusions and clinical relevance Accuracy and failure rates (failure to produce a reading) varied widely from model to model and from species to species. Generally, among the models tested in the clinically relevant range (90–100%) RMSD ranged from 2–5% while failure rates were highest in the V3304.     

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE BRAIN AND COELOMIC CAVITY OF THE DOMESTIC PIGEON (Columba livia domestica)

The technical feasibility of performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in domestic pigeons was investigated. Imaging was performed with a 1.5 Tesla magnet using a human knee surface coil. The head and coelomic cavity of isoflurane-anesthetized birds were imaged in the dorsal, sagittal, and transverse planes to produce T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. The birds were then euthanatized, formalin perfused, frozen, and sectioned in the corresponding anatomic planes. The anatomy defined by MRI was correlated with gross anatomic sections made from the same birds. The following CNS structures were identified: cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, optic chiasm, optic lobes, brain stem, and cranial spinal cord. The cornea, lens, and vitreous were also well differentiated in dorsal section MRI's. The abdominal organs identified included proventriculus, ventriculus, intestines, cloaca, liver, kidneys, spleen, testes, and ovary. The hepatic and renal vasculature were well defined.     

犬常见肿瘤流行病学调查及组织病理学诊断

为探讨犬常见肿瘤的发病规律，试验收集哈尔滨地区2016-2017年宠物医院部分犬肿瘤病例71例，采用组织病理学方法对犬肿瘤进行病理学诊断，并对患病动物的品种、性别、年龄、发生部位和饮食情况与肿瘤发生关系进行统计分析。结果显示，71例确诊肿瘤病例中，恶性肿瘤28例，包括鳞状上皮细胞癌3例，基底细胞癌5例，乳腺癌14例，淋巴瘤2例，肾母细胞瘤、精原细胞癌、生殖细胞癌、侵袭性血管黏液瘤各1例；良性肿瘤43例，包括良性乳腺肿瘤15例，纤维瘤10例，平滑肌瘤5例，乳头状瘤和精原细胞瘤各3例，造釉细胞瘤、耵聍腺瘤、脂肪瘤、结节样增生、性索间质细胞瘤、颗粒细胞瘤、肛周腺瘤各1例。上述病例中，乳腺和皮肤是犬肿瘤的高发部位，分别占全部患犬的40.8%和34.0%；患病犬年龄1~16岁不等，平均发病年龄为9.1岁，7岁以后是肿瘤的高发期，中老年犬仍为主要发病群体，但低龄犬发病数量上升；各品种犬均可发生肿瘤，其中杂种犬发病率最高，其次是贵宾犬和京巴犬，且主要为乳腺肿瘤；饮食习惯主要以剩饭剩菜类和肉拌饭类为主，分别占患犬总数的39%和30%；部分肿瘤类型与犬的性别、是否绝育有关，如乳腺肿瘤多发生于未绝育的老年母犬。本研究结果为犬肿瘤的流行病学及诊断提供了参考依据，对犬肿瘤的预防和诊断有一定的借鉴意义。     

Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis

Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH) is a progressive and painful disease syndrome that affects aged horses. It affects incisor, canine and infrequently cheek teeth, and is characterised by gingival inflammation, oedema and recession, calculus deposition, feed accumulation, subgingival swellings with or without associated draining tracts, bulbous enlargement of teeth, tooth mobility, associated periodontal disease, tooth fracture and/or tooth loss. The aetiology of EOTRH is likely to be multi‐factorial. However, histopathological findings consistently suggest an aetiological contribution of initial biomechanical stresses and strains, followed by secondary involvement of micro‐organisms. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, age and radiographic changes including lytic changes, widening or loss of the periodontal ligament, hypercementosis, tooth fracture and alveolar bone loss. Treatment of EOTRH is not currently possible, but the condition can be managed to some degree, quite successfully for many years in some cases. However, the disease is progressive and invariably results in extraction of the tooth or teeth involved. The prognosis is most probably guarded at best and poor in most cases; however, complete removal of affected teeth carries a good prognosis for an improved quality of life in the short to medium term.     

肉仔鸡可消化色氨酸需求参数研究

通过研究日粮中色氨酸水平对肉仔鸡生长性能、氮平衡及血清尿素氮含量的影响，探讨不同生长阶段不同性别肉仔鸡色氨酸的需求参数。试验期８周。结果表明：日粮中色氨酸达到适宜水平时，肉鸡的平均日增重增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）、料肉比降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）、血清尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）含量下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）；色氨酸水平过高则不能继续改善其生产性能，甚至造成负效应。在３～６周龄及６～８周龄阶段，公鸡色氨酸需求参数高于母鸡。日粮色氨酸水平对肉鸡的氮沉积率无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５），不同性别肉鸡的氮沉积率无显著差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。根据各项指标的测定结果，建议在０～３周龄，肉鸡色氨酸需求参数为０．２１％；在３～６周龄，公鸡色氨酸需求参数为０．２０％，母鸡为０．１８％；在６～８周龄阶段，公鸡色氨酸需求参数为０．１８％，母鸡为０．１６％。采用去盲肠成年种公鸡测定基础日粮（玉米—玉米蛋白粉）中色氨酸的消化率，并计算出不同性别肉鸡可消化色氨酸需求参数。