微生态制剂替代抗生素对生长肥育猪生长性能的影响

试验以生长育肥猪为研究对象,通过饲养试验研究微生态制剂替代抗生素对育肥猪生长性能的影响。试验采用了90头体重接近30kg的健康杜×长×大三元杂交育肥猪,按体重随机分为3个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪,结果表明,采用微生态制剂替代全部或者部分抗生素后,与对照组相比,中猪阶段的日增重和饲料转化效率都有较大程度的提高,腹泻率有所降低。     

肥育猪日粮中添加微生态制剂对其生产性能的影响

21世纪,无毒、无负作用的饲料添加剂成为人们研究的热点,微生态制剂、酶制剂、寡糖、酸制剂、中草药添加剂等是主要代表。微生态制剂是指在微生态理论指导下,利用对宿主有益的、活的正常微生物或其促生长物质经特殊工艺制成     

微生态制剂对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响

微生态制剂作为一种理想的抗生素替代品,已广泛应用于畜牧生产中,本试验的目的就是验证在饲料中添加微生态制剂对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响,为微生态制剂在养猪业中的应用提供依据。     

微生态制剂饲养生长肥育猪试验

“绿益”微生态制剂以嗜酸乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、芽胞杆菌、光合菌等为主要菌种类型,与常规微生态制剂相比,具有抗抗生素能力、益生菌浓度高及添加益生元等特点。为研究饲料中添加“绿益”微生态制剂对饲养生长肥育猪的效果,特于2004年6月在连云港隆生现代化养猪研究所进行了此试验。1材料与方法试验动物及健康状况良好的“长白×太湖”二元去势公仔猪60头,随机分为2组,每组3圈,每圈10头。饲养环境条件基本保持一致,供给“玉米-豆粕-麸皮-预混料”型配合饲料,试验组另添加“绿益”微生态制剂(连云港隆生饲料有限公司生产),每天100mg/头。试验…     

微生态制剂饲喂生长肥育猪试验

连云港隆生饲料有限公司生产的“绿益”微生态制剂含有嗜酸乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、芽孢杆菌等菌种,具有抗抗生素能力、益生菌浓度高及添加益生元等特点。为研究其饲喂生长肥育猪的效果,在连云港隆生现代化养猪研究所进行了本次试验。试验于2004年6月24日开始,选择60头健康状况良好30kg左右的“长白×太湖”二元去势公仔猪,随机分为两组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,饲养条件基本一致,基础饲粮相同,湿拌料,自由采食,试验组基础饲粮中每头另添加“绿益”微生态制剂10mg/d。预试10d,进行免疫、驱虫,淘汰与平均个体重相差1.5kg以上的个体,试验组保留…     

生长肥育猪节粮型日粮配方技术研究

试验旨在探讨不同酶制剂对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响,为开发节粮型日粮配方提供依据。选择体质量接近的108头杜×长×大三元杂交猪,平均体质量为(29.47±1.87)kg,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每重复7头猪。对照组饲喂小麦型基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加酶1、酶2、酶3和酶4,试验期32d。试验结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验组的日增质量均有不同程度提高,其中试验组2较对照组提高17.64%,差异显著;试验组1、试验组3和试验组4较对照组分别提高13.36%、3.22%和13.12%,但差异不显著;各试验组间日增质量差异不显著。2)与对照组相比,试验组1、试验组2、试验组3和试验组4日采食量分别提高12.67%、13.76%、3.01%和7.39%,但差异不显著。3)酶制剂对料肉比的改善作用不显著。试验结果表明,在玉米-小麦-豆粕型基础日粮中添加不同酶制剂均不同程度提高了生长肥育猪日增质量和饲料转化率,其中试验组2显著提高日增质量。因此,酶制剂的应用在一定程度上提高了饲料利用率,起到节约粮食的目的。     

微生态培养物饲料添加剂对生长肥育猪的中试报告

为了进一步验证微生态培养物饲料添加剂在中试规模的育肥猪中的应用效果,开展本次试验。选择(28±2kg)杜长大三元杂交猪150头,随机分为3组:空白对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、抗生素对照组(在基础饲粮中添加金霉素)和试验组(在基础饲粮中添加微生态培养物)。结果表明,与空白对照组比较,微生态培养物可明显提高猪的日增重、饲料转化率并且显著降低腹泻率,与抗生素表现出等效的应用效果。研究结论:微生态培养物取代抗生素作为生长肥育猪的饲料添加剂是可行的。     

微生态制剂对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响

微生态制剂又称益生素、益生菌等,是近年来常见的绿色饲料添加剂之一,是指将已知的有益微生物在现代生物工程技术的处理下,经培养、发酵、干燥等工艺制成的应用于动物的生物制剂,能有效补充畜禽消化道内的有益微生物,具有改善消化道菌群平衡,提高机体抗病力和营养物质的吸收能力,从而达到防治消化道疾病和促进生长等多重作用的活性添加剂。     

不同微生态制剂对猪生长性能的影响

为进一步探究不同微生态制剂对猪生长性能的影响,从东兰县的某商品猪场选取60头体重相近的长×大×白育肥猪作为实验对象。随机将其划分成三组,分别为处理一组、处理二组和对照组,每组20头猪。对照组仔猪采用传统的饲喂方式;两个处理组的仔猪在传统饲喂方式的基础上,在饲料当中添加微生态制剂,进一步对比不同微生态制剂对猪生长性能的影响。研究结果表明,两种微生态制剂都能够促进育肥猪的生长。两个处理组与对照组相比,生猪的生长性能得到了进一步的提升,组间对比差异显著。但两个处理组别之间的对比差异性不显著。同时,在整个实验期间,两个处理组别的育肥猪没有出现腹泻现象,而对照组的育肥猪出现了腹泻情况,并出现2头猪死亡。由此可知,本次研究所选择的两种微生态制剂,能够更好地促进生猪生长性能的发挥,同时还能够增强肠道中有益菌群的数量,有效抵御腹泻疾病的发生流行,确保育肥猪能够健康生长。     

规模猪场保育猪及生长肥育猪应用微生态制剂效果观察

在80头保育猪和生长育肥猪饲粮中添加0.1%微生态制剂,测定猪生产性能,结果表明,该制剂能显著提高保育猪和生长育肥猪的平均日采食量、日增重、降低料重比,经济效益显著提高。     

Supplementing salinomycin to diets for growing-finishing pigs

Feeding experiments with growing-finishing pigs were carried out to study the effect of different dietary salinomycin concentrations upon animal performance. Besides a dietary treatment without antibiotic, three treatments consisted of 20/10 mg/kg, 40/20 mg/kg and 60/30 mg/kg salinomycin (the first and second number refer to the salinomycin content in grower and finisher diet, respectively). Compared to the control group, feeding diets with 20 or 40 mg/kg salinomycin resulted in significantly higher weight gain in the grower period (25-45 kg body weight), while also feed conversion was lower (although not statistically significant). In the finisher period (45-100 kg body weight) salinomycin had no significant effect upon weight gain or feed conversion efficiency, but the 20 and 30 mg/kg treatments yielded the best results. Considering the grower and finisher period together the dietary treatments 40/20 mg/kg and 60/30 mg/kg showed highest growth rate and most favourable feed conversion, although not statistically significant. Carcass characteristics (dressing percentage, carcass length, backfat thickness, percent meat) were not affected by dietary salinomycin supplementation.     

微生态制剂在养猪生产中的应用

动物微生态制剂是一种新型活菌制剂,是在微生态理论指导下,由乳酸杆菌、芽孢杆菌、酵母菌等有益微生物（PM）经复合培养、干燥等一系列加工工艺生产出来的制剂,具有调整或维持肠道内微生态平衡、抑制病原微生物、改进并增强机体免疫力、提高机体的抗应激能力、减少疾病发生等功能。     

Effect of high temperature and low-protein diets on the performance of growing-finishing pigs

The effects of reducing CP level in combination with an increase in ambient temperature (29 vs 22 degrees C) on performance and carcass composition were studied in a factorial arrangement of treatments involving 66 Piétrain x (Landrace x Large White) barrows from 27 to 100 kg BW. Animals were fed at each temperature one of three experimental diets that provided 0.85 or 0.70 g of digestible lysine per megajoule of NE, in the growing (27 to 65 kg) and the finishing (65 to 100 kg) phases, respectively. Diet 1 was a corn, wheat, and soybean meal diet formulated without crystalline AA; CP levels were 20.3 and 17.6% for the growing and the finishing phases, respectively. In Diets 2 and 3, CP level was reduced by substituting part of the soybean meal with corn and wheat (Diet 2), or with corn, wheat, and 4% fat (Diet 3). Diets 2 and 3 were supplemented with AA and balanced according to the ideal protein concept. The CP levels of Diets 2 and 3 were, respectively, 15.8 and 16.3% in the growing phase, and 13.4 and 13.8% in the finishing phase. Pigs were housed individually and had free access to feed and water. The ADFI was measured daily, and animals were weighed weekly. Carcass composition was measured at slaughter (100 kg BW). Increasing ambient temperature from 22 to 29 degrees C resulted in a 15% reduction in ADFI and 13% lower ADG. Leaner carcasses (P < 0.01) were obtained at 29 degrees C (22.8 vs 24.8% carcass fat). At 22 degrees C, ADFI was lower (P < 0.05) for the low-CP diets, but daily NE intake, ADG, and carcass composition were not affected (P > 0.05). At 29 degrees C, ADFI was not different (P > 0.05) between diets and daily NE intake was higher (P < 0.05) with Diet 3 than with Diet 1, and the difference was more important during the finishing period than during the growing period. Using the model ADFI = a BWb, estimates of b were 0.65, 0.53, and 0.53 at 22 degrees C and 0.50, 0.44, and 0.50 at 29 degrees C, for Diets 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The higher NE intake for Diet 3 at 29 degrees C did not improve ADG (P > 0.05) but increased mainly fat deposition. These results indicate that a 4 percentage unit reduction of dietary CP level reduces N excretion (minus 37%) but does not affect growth and carcass composition as long as the ratio between essential AA and NE are kept optimal. In addition, diets with reduced CP limit the effect of high ambient temperature on ADFI. Finally, our results demonstrate the significance of using NE, rather than DE or ME, for formulating diets.     

日粮添加微生态制剂“派富”对产蛋鸡产蛋性能及鸡蛋品质的影响

本试验选取3种市售微生态制剂进行效果求证和比较。结果显示,产蛋鸡日粮中添加派富和其他两种市售微生态制剂均有助于提高产蛋鸡生产性能,改善鸡蛋品质,但结果有较显著差异。综合比较,添加派富效果优于对照组和添加其他两种市售微生态制剂。     

The effect of microbial phytase on true and apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities in growing-finishing pigs

Ten 56-d-old, 15-kg barrows were surgically fitted with a postvalvular T-cecum cannula at the ileo-cecal junction to evaluate the effect of microbial phytase on apparent and true ileal AA digestibility and N utilization. A semipurified cornstarch- and soybean meal-based diet was formulated to contain 3.4 Mcal of DE/kg, 17.0% CP, 0.8% Ca, and 0.6% P but had a low phytate-P concentration (0.13%; all on an as-fed basis). Chromic oxide and dysprosium chloride were used as indigestible markers. The basal diet was supplemented with 0 or 1,000 phytase units/kg of microbial phytase. Postprandial plasma urea N and alpha-amino N concentrations, excretion of Ca, P, and N in feces and urine, and ileal AA digestibilities were determined 3 times at 4-wk intervals beginning at 70 d of age. The homoarginine (HA) method was used to determine endogenous AA flow by replacing 50% of the basal protein with guanidinated protein. Microbial phytase had no effect on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) or on true ileal digestibilities of N and most AA but did increase AID for arginine (P = 0.006) and methionine (P = 0.037). However, in HA diets, phytase increased the AID of CP (P = 0.01) and several AA. Addition of microbial phytase had no effect on the postprandial alpha-amino N concentrations in plasma but increased overall plasma urea N concentrations (P = 0.035). Barrows fed phytase-supplemented diets had decreased P in feces (P = 0.003) and greater P in urine (P = 0.001) but comparable total P excretion compared with barrows fed no phytase-supplemented diets. In conclusion, the addition of phytase to a semi-purified soybean meal-based diet did not affect the AID of several AA. In addition, differences between the basal and HA diets in N digestibilities indicated that that guanidination may limit the use of the HA method in determining endogenous protein losses.     

Amino acid supplementation of meat meal in lysine-fortified, corn-based diets for growing-finishing pigs.

Three experiments involving 320 Yorkshire x Hampshire pigs were conducted to assess the effects of L-tryptophan additions to meat meal-supplemented, corn-based diets on rate and efficiency of growth of growing-finishing pigs. The meat meal used in Exp. 1 and 2 was a blend from two sources and that used in Exp. 3 was from a single source. A fortified corn-soybean meal basal diet (13.3% CP during the growing stage; 11.7 or 12.0% CP during the finishing stage), supplemented with .15 to .20% lysine (as L-lysine.HCl), was fed in each experiment. This diet was formulated to be adequate in dietary lysine (.75 to .80% during the growing stage; .65 to .71% during the finishing stage). Meat meal was added at 5 to 10% and was substituted for corn and soybean meal on a lysine basis. Diets containing meat meal were then supplemented with various levels (0 to .05%) of L-tryptophan. Levels of Ca and P were approximately the same across treatments, with levels based on the amounts provided by the highest level of meat meal in the diets. The pigs initially averaged 24, 29, and 45 kg of BW in the three experiments, and they were on test until they reached market weight (93 to 101 kg of BW). Pigs were switched from the growing to the finishing diet at 57 and 61 kg in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Feed intake, growth rate, and efficiency of feed utilization were reduced when meat meal was included in the diet, particularly at the higher dietary inclusion (10%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Supplementation of carbohydrases or phytase individually or in combination to diets for weanling and growing-finishing pigs

The overall objective of the studies reported here was to evaluate the growth and nutrient utilization responses of pigs to dietary supplementation of phytate- or nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. In Exp. 1, growth performance and nutrient digestibility responses of forty-eight 10-kg pigs to dietary supplementation of phytase or a cocktail of xylanase, amylase, and protease (XAP) alone or in combination were evaluated. The growth response of one hundred fifty 23-kg pigs to dietary supplementation of phytase or xylanase individually or in combination was studied in Exp. 2 in a 6-wk growth trial, whereas Exp. 3 investigated the nutrient digestibility and nutrient retention responses of thirty 24-kg pigs to dietary supplementation of the same enzymes used in Exp. 2. In Exp. 1, the pigs were used in a 28-d feeding trial. They were blocked by BW and sex and allocated to 6 dietary treatments. The treatments were a positive control (PC) diet; a negative control (NC) diet marginally deficient in P and DE; NC with phytase added at 500 or 1,000 phytase units (FTU)/kg; NC with xylanase at 2,500 units (U)/kg, amylase at 400 U/kg, and protease at 4,000 U/kg; and NC with a combination of phytase added at 500 FTU/kg and XAP as above. In Exp. 2 and 3, the 5 dietary treatments were positive control (PC), negative control (NC), NC plus 500 FTU of phytase/kg, NC plus 4,000 U of xylanase/kg, and NC plus phytase and xylanase. In Exp. 1, low levels of nonphytate P and DE in the NC diet depressed (P < 0.05) ADG of the pigs by 16%, but phytase linearly increased (P < 0.05) ADG by up to 24% compared with NC. The cocktail of XAP alone had no effect on ADG of pigs, but the combination of XAP and phytase increased (P < 0.05) ADG by 17% compared with the NC treatment. There was a linear increase (P < 0.01) in Ca and P digestibility in response to phytase. In Exp. 2, ADG was 7% greater in PC than NC (P < 0.05); there were no effects of enzyme addition on any response. In Exp. 3, addition of phytase alone or in combination with xylanase improved (P < 0.05) P digestibility. Phosphorus excretion was greatest (P < 0.01) in the PC and lowest (P < 0.05) in the diet with the combination of phytase and xylanase. The combination of phytase and xylanase improved P retention (P < 0.01) above the NC diet to a level similar to the PC diet. In conclusion, a combination of phytase and carbohydrases improved ADG in 10-kg but not 23-kg pigs, but was efficient in improving P digestibility in pigs of all ages.     

Effect of group size on performance of growing-finishing pigs

Six hundred forty growing-finishing pigs (initial BW = 23.2 +/- 4.8 kg) were used in a 12-wk study (final BW = 95.5 +/- 10.2 kg) to quantify the effects of group size (10, 20, 40, and 80 pigs/pen) on performance, tail biting, and use of widely distributed feed resources. One single-space wet/dry feeder was provided for every 10 pigs, and floor allowance was 0.76 m2/pig in all treatment groups. Weight gain and feed intake were measured every 2 wk. At weighing, a tail-biting injury score was given to each pig. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio before regrouping at the beginning of the experiment, 24 to 48 h after regrouping, and on the last day of each trial. The use of feeders by individual pigs was assessed by behavioral observations. Average daily gain for the entire 12-wk trial did not differ among group sizes (861, 873, 854, and 845 g/d for groups of 10, 20, 40, and 80, respectively; P > 0.10). During the first 2 wk, ADG was lower for pigs in groups of 40 (554 g/d) than pigs in groups of 10 (632 g/d; P < 0.05), but not pigs in groups of 20 or 80 (602 and 605 g/d, respectively). Average daily feed intake, feed efficiency, and variability in final BW within a pen also did not differ among group sizes. Tail-biting injury scores increased throughout the study, but did not differ among group sizes. Similar proportions of pigs were removed from the trial for health reasons, primarily due to tail biting, in all treatments. Individual pigs in each group size ate from most, if not all, of the feeders in the pen. There was no evidence of spatial subgrouping within the larger groups. The results suggest that housing growing-finishing pigs in groups of up to 80 pigs is not detrimental to productivity and health if space allowance is adequate and feed resources are evenly distributed.     

Effects of increasing L-lysine HCl in corn- or sorghum-soybean meal-based diets on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

We conducted three experiments to determine the effects of increasing L-lysine HCl in growing-finishing pig diets. Experiments 1 and 2, conducted at the Kansas State University research center, each used 360 growing-finishing pigs with initial BW of 56 and 63 kg, respectively. Dietary treatments were sorghum- (Exp. 1) or corn- (Exp. 2) soybean meal-based and consisted of a control (no L-lysine HCl) or 0.15, 0.225, and 0.30% L-lysine HCl replacing lysine provided by soybean meal. Experiment 3 was conducted in a commercial research facility using a total of 1,200 gilts with an initial BW of 29 kg. Pigs were allotted to one of eight dietary treatments fed in four phases. These consisted of a positive control diet with no added L-lysine HCl and the control diet with 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30% L-lysine HCl replacing the lysine provided by soybean meal. The eighth dietary treatment was a negative control diet with no added L-lysine HCl and formulated to contain 0.10% less total lysine than the other treatments to ensure that dietary lysine was not above required levels. In Exp. 1, increasing L-lysine HCl decreased (linear, P < 0.01) ADG, feed efficiency (G:F), and percentage lean and increased (linear, P < 0.01) backfat depth. In Exp. 2, increasing L-lysine HCl decreased (quadratic, P < 0.03) ADG, G:F, and ADFI, but carcass characteristics were not affected. In Exp. 3, increasing L-lysine HCl decreased ADG (linear, P < 0.01) and G:F (quadratic P < 0.03). In all three experiments, the greatest negative responses were observed when more than 0.15% L-lysine HCl was added to the diet. Therefore, unless other synthetic amino acids are added to the diet, no more than 0.15% L-lysine HCl should replace lysine from soybean meal in a corn- or sorghum-soybean meal-based diet to avoid deficiencies of other amino acids. Based on the content of diets containing 0.15% Lysine-HCl, it appears the requirements for methionine plus cystine expressed as ratios relative to lysine are not greater than 50% during the early growing-finishing period (30 to 45 kg) and 62% during the late finishing period (90 to 120 kg) on a true digestible basis. For similar periods, the ratio requirements for threonine are not greater than 59% and 64% on a true digestible basis.