薄荷油对棉花枯萎病的抑制作用及防效

棉花是河南省周口市主要经济作物 ,植棉历史长 ,种植面积大 ,轮作制度难以实施 ,致使棉花枯萎病危害严重 ,发病率高 ,一般年份发病 1 0 %～ 30 % ,阴雨低温较多的年份发病 80 %以上 ,造成棉花大量死亡 ,严重危害棉花生产。目前 ,枯萎病的防治措施主要以化学防治为主 ,但由于长期大面积连续使用产生抗药性 ,防效逐年降低 ,2 0 0 1— 2 0 0 2年 ,利用薄荷油防治棉花枯萎病 ,有较好的防治效果。1试验方法1 .1薄荷油抑菌测定。枯萎病菌采用周口市农科所枯萎病菌系、薄荷油人工提取 ,用菌饼法测定。试验设 6个处理 ,分别为 :薄荷油 2 0倍液、5 0…     

薄荷根泌物对土壤棉花枯萎菌的抑制作用

由江西省一位棉农告知,在棉花枯萎病地种过一年薄荷之后再种棉花,连续八年棉枯萎病几乎未发生、发展,而没有改种薄荷的连作棉田,枯萎病则不断加重、扩大。为探讨薄荷根泌物对土壤棉枯萎病菌的抑制作用,进行了初步观察。采用薄荷土和无菌土接菌播种棉花感病     

棉田油菜籽发芽形成草害的防除及棉田斜纹夜蛾的防治

湖北监利读者邹必胜来信：“谢谢《江西棉花》2003年第2期专家咨询栏目帮我解答了棉枯萎病的问题，2003年改种春大豆—秋大豆喜获丰收，其经济效益也较高，在此十分感谢!今又有油菜籽脱落田中萌发形成草害等2个问题向专家咨询，希望专家帮助解答。我刊邀请江西省棉花研究所植保专家张兴华同志撰文解答，同时，利用星子县农业局蔡印水同志的“斜纹夜蛾发生特点与气候条件的关系”文章作为辅助解答，希望对邹必胜同志及棉农有所帮动。     

几种药剂对棉花枯萎病防治效果

近几年来,随着抗虫棉的连续种植和棉花枯萎病生理小种的变化,棉花枯萎病呈逐步加重的趋势,据调查发病率达1 0 %～40 % ,对棉花生产构成威胁。为了试验筛选防治棉花枯萎病的优秀药剂,于2 0 0 3年进行了药剂试验。1试验基本情况试验在滨州市滨城区里则镇连续种植棉花5年以上棉田进行,肥力中等,土质为沙壤土,试验前几天有降雨过程,枯萎病部分显症并相对较重。棉花品种为99B,7月2日试验时天气晴好,日平均气温2 8℃,无风,喷药后6小时遇小雨。试验药剂:2 .5 %适乐时(先正达公司生产,市售) ;2 0 %甲基立枯磷(连云港东海农药厂生产,市售) ;5 7.6%冠…     

南疆地区棉花主要病虫害的发生及其防治

1　棉花主要病虫害的发生情况近年来 ,随着当地棉花种植面积的逐年扩大、重茬时间延长、品种更换和一些耕作制度的改变等 ,目前威胁当地棉花生产的主要病虫害是枯萎病、黄萎病、棉铃虫、棉蚜、棉叶螨。1 .1　枯、黄萎病。危害面积迅速扩大 ,日益严重 ,已严重威胁棉花生产。棉花枯萎病从 60年代初在南疆个别棉田发现零星病株后 ,现已扩展到 9个地州31个县 (市 )的 2 0 2个植棉乡和兵团 5个农业师 2 2个团场。 1 995年统计发病面积 4万～ 4.7万公顷 ,估计绝产面积 2 667公顷以上 ,仅莎车县因枯萎病绝产 667公顷 ,损失皮棉近 1 0 0 0吨。1 996…     

抗枯萎病品种川414的选育

棉花枯萎病是对棉花生产危害严重的病害。四川省早在1942年发生,据1982年普查统计,全省植棉县都有不同程度发生,病田面积约120万亩左右,年损失皮棉400多万公斤。实践证明,选育抗病品种是防治棉枯萎病经济有效措施。早在50年代初开始,我省先后育出了防治枯萎病抗源品种52—128、     

抗枯萎病高产新品种86—1号

棉花枯萎病是危害棉花最严重的病害之一。近几年来,由于采用以种植抗病品种为主的综合防治措施,有效地控制了危害。但目前推广的抗病品种在丰产性和品质方面还不能满足生产的需要,因此,品种既抗病又高产成为抗病育种急待解决的问题。我们从1972年开始,经六年的努力。选育出高抗枯萎病、高产、品质好的新品种“86—1号”。根据1976—1977年两年全国抗病品种区域试验结果,被推荐为长江流域病区和黄河流域高水肥枯萎病区的推广品种。在无病点试验表明,“86—1号”与当地推广的感病丰产品种比较,也有所增产。     

棉花抗枯萎病品种的抗性稳定性

棉花枯萎病是我国棉花生产上危害最为严重的病害,种植抗病品种是经济有效的防治方法。我国选育的许多抗病品种,在生产上已经收到明显效益。但是,近三十年来一些农作物抗病品种的抗病性丧失现象不断发生,使其有效使用年限大为缩短。这种情况在棉花抗枯萎病品种中是否存在?对此我们     

多抗逆性棉花新品种鲁棉研18号

鲁棉研 18号 (原 2 5系 )是山东棉花研究中心最新育成的抗棉铃虫棉花新品种 ,经多年试验和生产上小面积示范种植 ,该品种不仅表现高抗棉铃虫 ,且又表现高抗枯萎病、抗黄萎病、抗旱碱、抗涝等多种抗逆性能 ,同时该品种又兼具高产、优质的突出优点 ,是目前棉花生产上难得的综合性状优良的棉花新品种 ,具有较高的生产利用价值。 2 0 0 0年该品种获农业部发展棉花生产专项资金项目资助。1　高抗棉铃虫1997— 2 0 0 0年试验鉴定 ,鲁棉研 18号高抗棉铃虫 ,且抗性稳定。 1998年在二代棉铃虫不防治条件下其断头率为 0 ,优于对照美棉 33Ｂ (2 6 % )…     

沼液防治棉花枯萎病技术研究

棉花枯萎病是严重危害棉花生长,影响棉花产量的颃固性病害之一。3年试验结果表明:沼液对棉花枯萎病菌有一定的抑制作用。采用沼液浸棉种,沼液营养体育苗,沼液灌蔸等技术措施,能有效控制病区内棉花枯萎病的蔓延,对降低棉花枯萎病的发病率,减轻发病程度均有明显的效果,1年防效达50%,连续2年以上防效可达70%,提高棉花产量10%,沼液防治棉花枯萎病试验的成功,为沼气综合利用增加了新的内容。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.