Trench-parallel flow beneath the nazca plate from seismic anisotropy

Shear-wave splitting of S and SKS phases reveals the anisotropy and strain field of the mantle beneath the subducting Nazca plate, Cocos plate, and the Caribbean region. These observations can be used to test models of mantle flow. Two-dimensional entrained mantle flow beneath the subducting Nazca slab is not consistent with the data. Rather, there is evidence for horizontal trench-parallel flow in the mantle beneath the Nazca plate along much of the Andean subduction zone. Trench-parallel flow is attributale utable to retrograde motion of the slab, the decoupling of the slab and underlying mantle, and a partial barrier to flow at depth, resulting in lateral mantle flow beneath the slab. Such flow facilitates the transfer of material from the shrinking mantle reservoir beneath the Pacific basin to the growing mantle reservoir beneath the Atlantic basin. Trenchparallel flow may explain the eastward motions of the Caribbean and Scotia sea plates, the anomalously shallow bathymetry of the eastern Nazca plate, the long-wavelength geoid high over western South America, and it may contribute to the high elevation and intense deformation of the central Andes.     

Deformation of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 post-perovskite and D' anisotropy

Polycrystalline (Mg(0.9),Fe(0.1))SiO3 post-perovskite was plastically deformed in the diamond anvil cell between 145 and 157 gigapascals. The lattice-preferred orientations obtained in the sample suggest that slip on planes near (100) and (110) dominate plastic deformation under these conditions. Assuming similar behavior at lower mantle conditions, we simulated plastic strains and the contribution of post-perovskite to anisotropy in the D' region at the Earth core-mantle boundary using numerical convection and viscoplastic polycrystal plasticity models. We find a significant depth dependence of the anisotropy that only develops near and beyond the turning point of a downwelling slab. Our calculated anisotropies are strongly dependent on the choice of elastic moduli and remain hard to reconcile with seismic observations.     

Large trench-parallel gravity variations predict seismogenic behavior in subduction zones

We demonstrate that great earthquakes occur predominantly in regions with a strongly negative trench-parallel gravity anomaly (TPGA), whereas regions with strongly positive TPGA are relatively aseismic. These observations suggest that, over time scales up to at least 1 million years, spatial variations of seismogenic behavior within a given subduction zone are stationary and linked to the geological structure of the fore-arc. The correlations we observe are consistent with a model in which spatial variations in frictional properties on the plate interface control trench-parellel variations in fore-arc topography, gravity, and seismogenic behavior.     

The subduction zone flow field from seismic anisotropy: a global view

Although the morphologies of subducting slabs have been relatively well characterized, the character of the mantle flow field that accompanies subduction remains poorly understood. To analyze this pattern of flow, we compiled observations of seismic anisotropy, as manifested by shear wave splitting. Data from 13 subduction zones reveal systematic variations in both mantle-wedge and subslab anisotropy with the magnitude of trench migration velocity |V(t)|. These variations can be explained by flow along the strike of the trench induced by trench motion. This flow dominates beneath the slab, where its magnitude scales with |V(t)|. In the mantle wedge, this flow interacts with classical corner flow produced by the convergence velocity V(c); their relative influence is governed by the relative magnitude of |V(t)| and V(c).     

受集中荷载作用简支钢筋混凝土板的抗剪性能试验研究

根据多块板的试验资料,分析了宽跨比较大的板在集中荷载作用下的受剪承载力,建立了相应的计算公式。该公式具有形式简单,符合性良好等优点。还对板的受剪破坏形态和工作宽度进行了论述。     

屈肌腱损伤术引导回缩肌腱方法82例临床分析

目的探讨改进屈肌腱损伤手术中回缩肌腱的引导方法.方法采用医用输液管导引法对82例患者102条屈肌腱损伤进行修复,引导回缩屈肌腱至损伤平面进行修复,术后随访2～9个月,观察手部功能恢复情况.结果手术操作简便,易于肌腱修复,术后TAM法评定疗效优良率达92.0%.结论该改进方法优点突出,方便实用,值得推广.     

Anisotropy in the Inner Core: Could It Be Due To Low-Order Convection?

A recently assembled data set of inner core-sensitive free oscillation splitting measurements and body wave differential travel times provides constraints on the patterns of anisotropy in the Earth's inner core. Applying a formalism that allows departures from radial symmetry and cylindrical anisotropy results in models with P-wave velocity distributions whose strength and pattern are incompatible with frozen-in anisotropy, but rather suggest a simple large-scale convection regime in the inner core.     

Deformation and slip along the Sunda megathrust in the great 2005 Nias-Simeulue earthquake

Seismic rupture produced spectacular tectonic deformation above a 400-kilometer strip of the Sunda megathrust, offshore northern Sumatra, in March 2005. Measurements from coral microatolls and Global Positioning System stations reveal trench-parallel belts of uplift up to 3 meters high on the outer-arc islands above the rupture and a 1-meter-deep subsidence trough farther from the trench. Surface deformation reflects more than 11 meters of fault slip under the islands and a pronounced lessening of slip trenchward. A saddle in megathrust slip separates the northwestern edge of the 2005 rupture from the great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman rupture. The southeastern edge abuts a predominantly aseismic section of the megathrust near the equator.     

Robust normal mode constraints on inner-core anisotropy from model space search

A technique for searching full model space that was applied to measurements of anomalously split normal modes showed a robust pattern of P-wave and S-wave anisotropy in the inner core. The parameter describing P-wave anisotropy changes sign around a radius of 400 kilometers, whereas S-wave anisotropy is small in the upper two-thirds of the inner core and becomes negative at greater depths. Our results agree with observed travel-time anomalies of rays traveling at epicentral distances varying from 150 degrees to 180 degrees. The models may be explained by progressively tilted hexagonal close-packed iron in the upper half of the inner core and could suggest a different iron phase in the center.     

Mantle convection with plates and mobile, faulted plate margins

A finite-element formulation of faults has been incorporated into time-dependent models of mantle convection with realistic rheology, continents, and phase changes. Realistic tectonic plates naturally form with self-consistent coupling between plate and mantle dynamics. After the initiation of subduction, trenches rapidly roll back with subducted slabs temporarily laid out along the base of the transition zone. After the slabs have penetrated into the lower mantle, the velocity of trench migration decreases markedly. The inhibition of slab penetration into the lower mantle by the 670-kilometer phase change is greatly reduced in these models as compared to models without tectonic plates.     

Cretaceous vertical motion of australia and the australian- antarctic discordance

A three-dimensional model of mantle convection in which the known history of plate tectonics is imposed predicts the anomalous Cretaceous vertical motion of Australia and the present-day distinctive geochemistry and geophysics of the Australian-Antarctic Discordance. The dynamic models infer that a subducted slab associated with the long-lived Gondwanaland-Pacific converging margin passed beneath Australia during the Cretaceous, partially stagnated in the mantle transition zone, and is presently being drawn up by the Southeast Indian Ridge.     

Extracting primordial density fluctuations

The combination of detections of anisotropy in cosmic microwave background radiation and observations of the large-scale distribution of galaxies probes the primordial density fluctuations of the universe on spatial scales varying by three orders of magnitude. These data are found to be inconsistent with the predictions of several popular cosmological models. Agreement between the data and the cold + hot dark matter model, however, suggests that a significant fraction of the matter in the universe may consist of massive neutrinos.     

A scattered-wave image of subduction beneath the transverse ranges

Over 5600 short-period recordings of teleseismic events were used to create deterministic maps of P-wave scatterers in the upper mantle beneath Southern California. Between depths of 50 and 200 kilometers, the southern flank of the slab subducting beneath the Transverse Ranges is marked by strong scattering. The marked scattering indicates that the edge of the slab is a sharp thermal boundary. Such a boundary could be produced by slab shearing or small-scale convection in the surrounding mantle. The northern limb of the slab is not a strong scatterer, consistent with thicker lithosphere north of the Transverse Ranges.     

环境因子对无土栽培甜椒脐腐病发生率的影响

生理性病害--番茄、甜椒脐腐病与果实中缺钙有关.为了探明空气相对湿度(RH)、基质条温度和湿度等环境因子对无土栽培甜椒脐腐病发生率的影响,进行了一系列试验.共设置了12种试验处理,包括提高空气相对湿度到60%、对照;基质条冷却至17 ℃、对照;基质条湿度设定为50%、60%、由定时器控制.结果表明,提高RH可明显缓和温室内RH和气温的日变化;显著增加果实中维管束数量,果实顶端和基部其维管束数量分别比对照温室的高14.6%和11.4%;可显著提高果实中的钙含量,其中果实顶端和基部分别比对照温室高19.9%和16.6%,从而降低脐腐病的发病率.果实和叶片中钾含量未受RH高低的影响.基质条冷却可提高根基氧含量,这有利于提高根系活力.RH、基质条温度和湿度这3种环境因子对甜椒脐腐病的发生率的影响有累积效应.但处理间果实数量和产量差异不显著.     

Three-dimensional structure at the base of the mantle beneath the central pacific

Forward modeling of differential travel times of phases sensitive to lowermost mantle beneath the central Pacific reveals lateral heterogeneity that is higher in amplitude than predicted by tomographic models. A broad zone of low S velocity (-4 percent with respect to standard models), which may correspond to the base of a thermal "plume," narrows and is deflected as it extends to about 1000 kilometers above the core-mantle boundary. To the east of this zone, a localized region of fast S velocity (+5 percent) suggests strong heterogeneity or anisotropy related to the presence of high pressure and temperature assemblages, which may or may not involve core material. Its presence could also explain the observation of precursors to core reflected phases in this region.     

基于刚接板梁法求解荷载横向分布的计算机辅助分析

基于力法基本原理,参照JTG D60—2004的规定,对桥梁设计中较常使用的一类实用手工查表算法-刚接板梁法,采用横向自动加载优化的方法,进行了Fortran 90程序设计,实现了自动求取桥梁荷载横向分布系数.给出了算例分析,说明了方法及程序的正确性和可靠性.     

混凝土面板堆石坝施工期面板温度应力仿真分析

结合在建的公伯峡水电站混凝土面板堆石坝,考虑影响面板温度场及温度应力的各项因素,实时模拟面板的施工过程,对施工期面板的温度场和温度应力进行了全过程仿真分析。结果表明,在面板混凝土浇筑初期,面板各个层面(表面、中心)的最高温升与面板厚度有关,且面板中心的最高温升大于面板表面的最高温升。此后,面板各个层面的结点温度均迅速下降,表面降温比中心快。最大压应力发生在最高温升时的面板底部中心层面上,最大拉应力发生在最高温升后出现最大温降时的面板中部表面上。     

新型混凝土无梁空心板基本力学性能分析

深入研究新型混凝土无梁空心板基本力学性能有助于该技术的工程推广和应用。通过ANSYS有限元分析方法对新型混凝土无梁空心板的应变、应力分布规律进行了深入研究,验证了该空心板的双向承载性和"平截面假定"。并以此为基础结合钢筋混凝土受弯构件正截面承载力计算方法介绍了适用于该新型混凝土无梁空心板的正截面承载力简化设计计算方法。     

钢竹组合空心楼板的抗弯性能试验

提出了一种新型的竹材组合板——两张竹胶板之间夹一张压型钢板,竹板与钢板之间用高强度结构胶黏结形成的钢竹组合楼板,并针对这一新型组合板进行了试验研究。以竹胶板厚度、芯部压型钢板厚度及组合板跨度为参数进行了6块组合板的力学性能试验,结果表明,钢竹组合楼板的整体工作性能优良,竹胶板和钢板之间具有很好的组合效应,能够提供较高的承载力和刚度,其力学性能可以满足作为建筑楼板的需要。     

Subduction and slab detachment in the Mediterranean-Carpathian region

Seismic tomography models of the three-dimensional upper mantle velocity structure of the Mediterranean-Carpathian region provide a better understanding of the lithospheric processes governing its geodynamical evolution. Slab detachment, in particular lateral migration of this process along the plate boundary, is a key element in the lithospheric dynamics of the region during the last 20 to 30 million years. It strongly affects arc and trench migration, and causes along-strike variations in vertical motions, stress fields, and magmatism. In a terminal-stage subduction zone, involving collision and suturing, slab detachment is the natural last stage in the gravitational settling of subducted lithosphere.