Estrus-inducing pheromone of male mice: transport by movement of air

The proportion of female SJL/J mice exhibiting estrus whet 2 meters downwind (6 meters per minute) from a group of 15 hybrid mi not significantly less than that of females placed directly under the males posed to their urine. The proportion of mice showing estrus when placed 2 upwind was significantly less than that of mice downwind or of mice beloii but not different from that of females remote from males. These findings sh the pheromone from male mice is volatile and further support the concep, acts through olfactory receptors.     

Familial imprinting determines H-2 selective mating preferences

Inbred male mice typically prefer to mate with females of a different, non-self H-2 haplotype. To determine whether this natural preference is irrevocable or results from familial imprinting, a test system was used which relied on previous observations that B6 males (H-2b) mate preferentially with congenic B6-H-2k rather than B6 females, and B6-H-2k males with B6 females. This preference was reversed in B6 males fostered by B6-H-2k parents and in B6-H-2k males fostered by B6 parents, preference in these cases favoring the same H-2 type. Thus, H-2 selective mating preference is acquired by imprinting on familial H-2 types.     

小鼠卵子突变基因功能表达的研究

近交系小鼠DDK具有一种奇异的繁殖特性(DDK综合症).这种特性是由于DDK卵子细胞质物质和其它品系精子因子之间存在的一种不亲合性引起的,它们二者均受到位于小鼠第11条染色体的卵子突变(OvumMutant或Om)位点上的1对等位基因所控制.本文介绍的研究成果包括:1)发现了存在于C57BL/6(B6)品系小鼠遗传背景中新的修饰基因,其使得杂合型(Om/ )雌鼠的胚胎死亡率增加,并提出了运用“等位基因排斥”理论解释修饰基因作用机理的假说;2)论证了DDK品系本身遗传背景中不具有使杂合型(Om/ )雌鼠胚胎死亡率降低的修饰基因;3)证明了小鼠遗传背景中,不存在通过杂合型(Om/ )雄鼠的精子影响DDK(Om/Om)雌鼠胚胎死亡率高低的修饰基因;4)通过不同亚种间近交系小鼠的杂交发现,在欧洲起源的DDK品系(Mus musculus domesticus)和日本起源的MOM品系(M.m.molossinus),以及和菲律宾起源的CASP品系(M.m.castaneus)之间,不存在卵子细胞质物质和精子的不亲合性,但CASP品系的卵子细胞质物质与B6品系的精子间可能存在着不亲合性.     

鳜雌雄表型差异及性别相关标记筛选

为了解鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)雌雄性别表型差异,测量120日龄养殖鳜的体重及主要形态性状,雄性平均体质量(396.52±74.81)g,雌性平均体质量(442.17±54.02)g,雌性比雄性增长快10.32%;雄性头长/头高比显著大于雌性;雌性体长/体高比极显著大于雄性。通过组织学观察孵化后5～60日龄鳜性腺发育分化过程,25日龄前,性腺未分化,30日龄精巢分化,40日龄卵巢分化,精巢分化早于卵巢。利用AFLP技术筛选鳜雌雄性别相关分子标记,在4个引物组合E5M8、E1M8、E6M7、E7M3中筛选出5个雌雄差异位点,其中,E5M8-480在雄性中扩增比例为91.67%,E1M8-440和E5M8-370在雌性中比例分别为91.67%和83.33%,E6M7-280和E7M3-380为雌性特有条带。研究结果为鳜雌雄性别异形与性别鉴定提供了基础和依据。     

年龄和性别对圈养马麝非交配季节行为持续时间的效应(英文)

    采用焦点取样和连续记录方法,对甘肃兴隆山麝场的圈养马麝(Moschus sifanicus)进行行为观察和记录.行为取样涉及30头雌性马麝(25头成体雌麝,5头亚成体雌麝)和24头雄性马麝(17头成体雄麝,7头亚成体雄麝).记录静卧、站立凝视、运动、摄食、反刍、蹭尾、粪尿标记、环境探究、尾阴探究、亲和、打斗及自我指向行为等12个行为类的发生持续时间,分析年龄和性别对圈齐马麝非交配季节行为持续时间的效应.结果表明,在非交配季节,由于雌麝的哺乳育幼及雌麝和幼麝间的社会行为,雌麝比雄麝展现较少的卧息(P<0.01)和较多的亲和行为(P<0.05);由于雌麝在非交配季节的育幼需求及伴随的警觉性增加,成体雌麝比亚成体雌麝的摄食时间极显著减少(P<0.01),警觉行为显著增多(P<0.05);相比亚成体雄麝,成体雄麝的蹭尾行为持续时间极显著地增多,打斗行为和尾阴嗅闻行为的持续时间也显著较多(P<0.05).行为比较结果表明,圈养马麝各年龄性别组的行为持续时间存在差异,成年雌麝在哺乳期摄食时间相对较少,其育幼投资策略可能是提高摄食效率和警觉行为表达强度.     

Esterase 6 and reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster

A nonspecific carboxylesterase (esterase 6) of Drosophila melanogaster shows greater activity in adult males than in females and is highly concentrated in the anterior ejaculatory duct of the reproductive tract of the male. Esterase 6 is depleted in males by copulation and is transferred to females early during copulation as a component of the seminal fluid. That esterase 6 may be involved in a system controlling the timing of remating is suggested by differences in the activity of this enzyme in a strain of Drosophila selected for a decrease in time to remating and by differences in the timing of remating in females initially inseminated by males lacking or having active esterase 6.     

中年C57BL/6小鼠焦虑行为改变

利用高架十字迷宫﹑旷场和黑白巷3个任务检测中年C57BL/6小鼠焦虑行为,探索是否有年龄及性别的影响以及3个任务是否具有一致性.结果表明,在高架十字迷宫中15月龄雌鼠进入开放臂的次数显著多于同龄雄鼠和7月龄雌鼠.15月龄鼠在黑白巷任务中的潜伏期和黑端停留的时间明显长于7月龄鼠,主要归因于雄鼠,而15月龄鼠从黑色端至白色端次数少于7月龄鼠,雌雄鼠均有改变.在旷场中,15月龄鼠的潜伏期和周边所花的时间要显著长于7月龄鼠,以雌鼠改变为主.这些结果提示中年C57BL/6小鼠即有焦虑性改变,但改变的方向并不一致,依任务和性别而定.     

Major urinary protein complex of normal mice: origin

Mouse serum contains protein having the same charge density and molecular size as the major urinary protein complex of mice. Mouse liver (but not eight other tissues examined) incorporated amino acids labeled with carbon-14 into the complex in vitro. The degree of incorporation was greater in livers from males than from females, and was internmediate in livers from females treated with testosterone.     

Aggression in adult mice: modification by neonatal injections of gonadal hormones

Incidence of spontaneous aggression in adult male mice given a single injection of estradiol benzoate (0.4 milligram) when they were 3 days old was less than that of controls injected with oil. Aggressiveness was increased among adult females injected with either estradiol or testosterone propionate (1 milligram) at the same age. The increased aggressiveness noted among females given androgen was further documented during subsequent mating tests, when these females often attacked, wounded, and, in one case, killed naive males.     

百草枯对小鼠肝脏的损伤研究

为了解百草枯对哺乳动物肝脏损伤的特性,以便有效寻找针对性治疗药物,试验建立了小鼠模型,分别向昆明白雄鼠腹腔注射30、60、90 mg/kg不同浓度的百草枯,各处理分别于6、12 h以及1、3、7 d后测定血清中的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,对百草枯染毒的各浓度处理小鼠肝脏进行苏木精-伊红染色,观察其病理学变化,然后选取中剂量60 mg/kg处理的不同时间组(6、12 h以及1、3、7d),通过Realtime PCR检测IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、Caspase-3、Caspase-8基因表达变化。结果表明,百草枯30、60、90 mg/kg不同浓度处理的血清ALT、AST活性在不同处理时间上均高于对照,在7 d后各血清ALT、AST活性均又呈现下降趋势。染色结果发现在处理3 d后的30 mg/kg的小鼠肝脏病理学变化不明显,90 mg/kg处理出现较为明显的炎症变化。Realtime PCR结果显示,60 mg/kg不同时间处理的IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、Caspase-3、Caspase-8基因表达从6 h后开始呈现上升趋势,在3 d后基因表达略有下降。不同浓度的百草枯对小鼠肝脏均有损伤,高剂量百草枯对肝脏损伤较严重,且对血清中免疫因子和相关基因的表达有显著影响。     

信号传导与转录活化因子3在肝细胞癌组织中的表达及意义

目的 研究信号传导与转录活化因子3(STAT3)在肝细胞癌组织中的表达及其意义.方法 分别应用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和免疫组织化学法检测肝癌组织、癌旁组织和良性病变肝组织中STAT3 mRNA和蛋白的表达,应用免疫组织化学法检测Bcl-xL的蛋白表达情况.结果 肝癌组织、癌旁组织中STAT3 mRNA的相对表达量和蛋白阳性率均高于良性病变肝组织(P均<0.01或0.05).肝癌组织及癌旁组织中Bcl-xL蛋白表达率明显高于良性病变肝组织(P<0.05).肝癌组织中STAT3蛋白与Bcl-xL蛋白表达有密切关系(P<0.01).结论 STAT3高表达可能是肝癌发病机制中的早期事件;在癌旁肝组织中,那些STAT3蛋白阳性的肝细胞可能是潜在的癌前细胞.STAT3基因可能通过直接或间接促进Bcl-xL的表达,抑制细胞的凋亡,从而在肿瘤的发生发展过程中发生重要作用.     

Male fertility and sex ratio at birth in red deer

Efforts to test sex ratio theory have focused mostly on females. However, when males possess traits that could enhance the reproductive success of sons, males would also benefit from the manipulation of the offspring sex ratio. We tested the prediction that more-fertile red deer males produce more sons. Our findings reveal that male fertility is positively related to the proportion of male offspring. We also show that there is a positive correlation between the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa (a main determinant of male fertility) and the proportion of male offspring. Thus, males may contribute significantly to biases in sex ratio at birth among mammals, creating the potential for conflicts of interest between males and females.     

亚洲型舞毒蛾的羽化和生殖行为节律

为了探究亚洲型舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar asiatica)的羽化和生殖昼夜节律,在自然光周期和温湿度条件下对亚洲型舞毒蛾成虫的羽化、求偶、交配及产卵行为进行了观察,并利用触角电位反应测定了处女雌蛾性信息素的合成量与日龄之间的关系。结果表明:亚洲型舞毒蛾雌蛾在化蛹后11 d,雄蛾在化蛹后12 d分别出现羽化高峰;雌雄蛾的羽化行为均发生在光期前2 h(02:00)至暗期3 h(21:00),雄蛾羽化高峰期为光期6 h(09:00),较雌蛾(11:00)提前2 h。雌蛾羽化约2 h后开始求偶,1日龄雌蛾的求偶率随时间的推移逐渐上升,而其他日龄的雌蛾仅在光周期开始后的1 h内求偶率降至当日最低(75%),其余时间达到或接近100%;2日龄雌蛾体内的性信息素合成量最高,以后逐日下降。成虫羽化当日即可交尾,室内交尾高峰期发生在光期11 h(14:00)左右,次高峰出现在暗期6 h(00:00)。产卵高峰期发生在光期3 h(06:00)左右,次高峰出现在暗期2 h(20:00)。综上可见,亚洲型舞毒蛾成虫的羽化和生殖行为存在明显的昼夜节律。     

A new approach to the adoptive immunotherapy of cancer with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes

The adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) expanded in interleukin-2 (IL-2) to mice bearing micrometastases from various types of tumors showed that TIL are 50 to 100 times more effective in their therapeutic potency than are lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Therefore the use of TIL was explored for the treatment of mice with large pulmonary and hepatic metastatic tumors that do not respond to LAK cell therapy. Although treatment of animals with TIL alone or cyclophosphamide alone had little impact, these two modalities together mediated the elimination of large metastatic cancer deposits in the liver and lung. The combination of TIL and cyclophosphamide was further potentiated by the simultaneous administration of IL-2. With the combination of cyclophosphamide, TIL, and IL-2, 100% of mice (n = 12) bearing the MC-38 colon adenocarcinoma were cured of advanced hepatic metastases, and up to 50% of mice were cured of advanced pulmonary metastases. Techniques have been developed to isolate TIL from human tumors. These experiments provide a rationale for the use of TIL in the treatment of humans with advanced cancer.     

Essential role of Fkbp6 in male fertility and homologous chromosome pairing in meiosis

Meiosis is a critical stage of gametogenesis in which alignment and synapsis of chromosomal pairs occur, allowing for the recombination of maternal and paternal genomes. Here we show that FK506 binding protein (Fkbp6) localizes to meiotic chromosome cores and regions of homologous chromosome synapsis. Targeted inactivation of Fkbp6 in mice results in aspermic males and the absence of normal pachytene spermatocytes. Moreover, we identified the deletion of Fkbp6 exon 8 as the causative mutation in spontaneously male sterile as/as mutant rats. Loss of Fkbp6 results in abnormal pairing and misalignments between homologous chromosomes, nonhomologous partner switches, and autosynapsis of X chromosome cores in meiotic spermatocytes. Fertility and meiosis are normal in Fkbp6 mutant females. Thus, Fkbp6 is a component of the synaptonemal complex essential for sex-specific fertility and for the fidelity of homologous chromosome pairing in meiosis.     

Evidence for an antiaphrodisiac in the sweat bee Lasioglossum (Dialictus) zephyrum

Male Lasioglossum (Dialictus) zephyrum in the field are attracted to models impregnated with the odor of virgin females. The number of males responding increases with increasing odor concentration. Once a male has contacted a model, its attractiveness to other males is reduced, suggesting that the male may contribute an antiaphrodisiac cue so that other males avoid mated females.     

Neural mechanisms for the coordination of duet singing in wrens

Plain-tailed wrens (Pheugopedius euophrys) cooperate to produce a duet song in which males and females rapidly alternate singing syllables. We examined how sensory information from each wren is used to coordinate singing between individuals for the production of this cooperative behavior. Previous findings in nonduetting songbird species suggest that premotor circuits should encode each bird's own contribution to the duet. In contrast, we find that both male and female wrens encode the combined cooperative output of the pair of birds. Further, behavior and neurophysiology show that both sexes coordinate the timing of their singing based on feedback from the partner and suggest that females may lead the duet.     

中华绒螯蟹一龄性早熟和二龄成熟家系扣蟹阶段生长和早熟的比较研究

河蟹一龄性早熟是扣蟹养殖过程中的一个重要问题,通过构建一龄性早熟和二龄正常性成熟河蟹家系,综合评估了两种家系子一代在扣蟹养殖阶段的生长、早熟率、成活率、产量、早熟蟹和正常扣蟹的平均体质量及其规格分布等参数,结果显示:(1)除215日龄雄体甲壳长外,一龄早熟家系扣蟹在155和215日龄的体质量、甲壳长、甲壳宽、增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)均显著低于二龄成熟家系(P0.05);(2)整体上两种家系子代的成活率和产量均无显著差异,尽管一龄早熟家系子代雄体的早熟率略高于二龄成熟家系,但是两者的差异不显著,一龄早熟家系子代雌体无一龄早熟现象,二龄成熟家系子代雌体的早熟率是其雄体的两倍;(3)两种家系后代中正常扣蟹各规格比例基本呈正态分布,雌雄体主要集中于3~6 g和6~9 g两个体质量范围,无论雌体还是雄体,二龄成熟家系的大规格扣蟹(体质量6 g)比例较高,一龄早熟家系的小规格扣蟹(体质量6 g)比例较高。综上,河蟹二龄成熟家系子代在扣蟹阶段的生长性能优于一龄早熟家系子代,两者的一龄性早熟情况也有所不同,需要进一步研究河蟹一龄性早熟的生理机制和性别差异。     

Sex Discrimination in Gerris remigis: Role of a Surface Wave Signal

Even when blinded with masks, adult male water striders (Gerris remigis) accurately ascertain the sex of other adult water striders in the laboratory. Freely moving females that were artificially made to play back computer-generated male surface wave and body-contact signals of about 90 waves per second were treated as males by the masked males and as females when no such playbacks were made. Thus, the males can use presence or absence of the male signal as the sole means for sex discrimination.     

红脂大小蠹雄性配偶选择行为及其对生殖的影响

为研究红脂大小蠹(Dendroctonus valens)雄性能否依据信息素对雌性进行选择,以及这种选择行为对生殖的影响,首先使用Y-型嗅觉仪验证这种选择行为,然后用玻璃夹板技术分析雄性对其选择(P)和未选择(NP)的雌性在求偶和交配行为上的差异,最后用木段接种技术研究雄性与P雌性和NP雌性配对后在坑道构筑、产卵和幼虫发育上的差异。结果表明,雄性对雌性有着显著的基于信息素的选择行为。在求偶和交配行为上,雄性对P雌性更易求偶成功,交配时间更长(P0.05)。当雄性和P雌性配对时,前10 d筑出更长的且更清洁的坑道(P0.05)。20 d时,P雌性后代中孵化幼虫占后代总数量的比例极显著高于NP雌性(P0.001)。30 d时,P雌性的幼虫质量极显著高于NP雌性(P0.001)。以上结果表明,红脂大小蠹存在基于信息素的雄性配偶选择行为,其对生殖产生显著影响。