饲用酶制剂对断奶仔靖生产性能的影响

为验证酶制剂在规模花杀猪中的实际效果,选用60头46日龄的长大二元杂交断奶仔猪随机分为两组,试验组在对照组日粮的基础上添加复合饲用酶制剂0．1％,以观察该酶制剂在断乳仔猪玉米豆粕型日粮中的饲养效果。试验结果表明：试验组的日增重比对照组提高8．84％;饲料转化率提高9．95％。     

饲用酶制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

为验证酶制剂在规模化养猪中的实际效果,选用60头46日龄的长大二元杂交断奶仔猪随机分为2组,试验组在对照组日粮的基础上添加复合饲用酶制剂0.1%,以研究该酶制剂对断乳仔猪的饲养效果。结果表明：试验组的日增重比对照组提高8.84%;饲料转化率提高9.95%。     

酶制剂在高非淀粉多糖饲粮中对仔猪生长的效应

试验选取体重(15.30±1.54)kg的健康杜长大三元杂种仔猪120头,按体重相近的原则随机分为5个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复8头猪.对照组饲喂高非淀粉多糖基础饲粮,试验1组在基础饲粮中加0.1%酶制剂1,试验2组在基础饲粮中加0.005%酶制剂2,试验3组在基础饲粮中加0.018%酶制剂3,试验4组在基础饲粮中加0.025%酶制剂4,试验期26 d.结果表明,与对照组比较,饲粮中添加酶制剂提高了仔猪日增重,其中试验2、3和4组日增重显著提高(P＜0.05);试验组日采食量显著提高,试验1、2、3、4组日采食量分别提高20.00%(P＜0.05)、16.50%(P＜0.05)、15.31%(P＜0.05)和30.36%(P＜0.05);酶制剂有降低料重比的趋势,其中添加酶制剂2组料重比显著降低.结论:在高非淀粉多糖饲粮中添加酶制剂能显著提高仔猪的采食量、日增重和饲料转化效率.     

外源复合酶对仔猪生产性能的影响

饲用复合酶是一类新型的活性饲料添加剂．不但能补充了动物内源酶的不足．而且有效降低了饲料的抗营养因子，从而提高饲料的营养价值。在日粮中添加一定比例的复合酶，能促进动物对饲料中纤维素、蛋白质、淀粉等营养物质的消化吸收．提高饲料转化率。降低料肉比．从而降低了饲料成本。大量研究结果显示．酶制剂可以提高畜禽生产性能．提高畜禽对营养物质的消化吸收．降低腹泻率等。该试验是在仔猪日粮中添加仔猪复合酶替代部分抗生素。观察其对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响．证明酶制剂在仔猪日粮的应用价值。     

大麦型日粮添加复合非淀粉多糖酶制剂对生长猪生产性能的影响

选择体重35kg左右的杜长大杂交仔猪144头，随机分成4组，每组3个重复，每个重复12头，用来研究不同大麦用量的日粮中添加试验筛选的复合非淀粉多糖（NSP）酶制剂对生长猪生产性能的影响。结果表明：在使用大麦专用复合NSP酶制剂情况下，40％大麦型饲粮和70％大麦型饲粮（全部大麦、无玉米）与玉米型饲粮对生长猪的生产性能无显著影响，40％大麦型饲粮组每千克增重饲料成本较玉米型饲粮组略低；用40％大麦型饲粮饲喂生长猪时，添加复合NSP酶制剂可使日增重提高5．8％（P〈0．05），饲料利用率提高9.3%每千克增重饲料成本降低0．295元。     

早期断奶仔猪蛋白质及矿物质的营养需要

早期断奶仔猪消化道酶系发育尚未健全，胃内pH值升高，易发腹泻。低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮可显著降低仔猪断奶后腹泻和提高仔猪的生长速度，第一限制性氨基酸，赖氨酸在日粮中的含量以1．65％。1．80％为最佳，日粮中的蛋白质原料以动物性蛋白质为主，添加饲用酸化剂、脂肪、酶制剂和抑菌促生长剂都能提高仔猪对蛋白质的消化率和减少腹泻发生。日粮中钙水平控制在0．58％-0．80％之间。高铜日粮能提高仔猪的日增重和饲料效率。高锌和含砷制剂日粮能促进仔猪食欲，减少腹泻发生。     

无机稀土对仔猪生长性能及氮平衡的影响

本试验旨在通过仔猪氮平衡试验和饲养试验检测日粮中不同赖氨酸水平添加无机稀土的饲用价值。氮平衡试验选用９头健康杂交去势公猪，采用交叉设计，探讨无机稀土对仔猪氨平衡的影响。饲养试验选用４２头体重相近的健康杂交仔猪，公母比例相同，随机分为试验组和对照组，在相同日粮基础上添加无机稀土比较饲喂仔猪的效果。结果表明：本试验添加无机稀土和无机稀土＋高水平赖氨酸组对提高饲料的干物质消化率、粗蛋白消化率和蛋白质净利用率有一定效果。添加无机稀土组仔猪日增重提高５．３７％，饲料增重比降低４．３１％，较对照组每公斤增重可节省饲料０．０７２公斤，饲料成本降低０．１２元。但统计分析差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。因此，日粮中添加无机稀土添加剂饲喂仔猪是可行的。     

仔猪玉米—豆粕型日粮中华芬酶的饲用效果

本试验选用４０头４５日龄的杜大长杂交断乳仔猪分为２组,试验组在对照组日粮的的基础上添加华芬酶Ⅱ型０．１％,以观察华芬酶在乳仔猪玉米豆粕型日粮中的饲养效果。试验结果表明,试验组的日增重比对照组提高８．８４％;饲料转化率提高９．９５％;每千克增重降低饲料成本９．２％。     

早期断奶仔猪蛋白质及矿物质的营养需要

早期断奶仔猪消化道酶系发育尚未健全，胃内pH值升高，易发腹泻，低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮可显著降低仔猪断奶后腹泻和提高仔猪的生长速度，第一限制性氨基酸，赖氨酸在日粮中的含量以1．65－1．80％为最佳，日粮中的蛋白质原料以动物性蛋白质为主，添加饲用酸化剂，脂肪，酶制剂和抑菌促生长剂都能提高全猪对蛋白质的消化率和减少腹泻发生，日粮中钙水平控制在0．58％－0．80％之，高铜日粮能提高猪的日增重和饲料效率，高锌和含砷制剂日粮能促进仔猪食欲，减少腹泻发生。     

饲用酶制剂在早期断奶仔猪日粮中的应用

本文综述了饲用酶制剂在早期断奶仔猪日粮中的应用效果、作用机制及影响应用效果的因素,提出了使酶制剂获得理想效果的技术措施。在断奶仔猪日粮中添加复合酶制剂,可提高仔猪增重、减少腹泻。酶制剂通过提高肠道消化酶活性和小肠绒毛高度,增强消化机能,提高仔猪日粮养分消化率;通过促进乳酸杆菌繁殖,抑制大肠杆菌生长,维持肠道菌群平衡,减少仔猪腹泻;通过提高激素分泌,增强合成代谢,促进仔猪生长。日粮中的高铜、高锌及加工过程中的高温是抑制或破坏酶活、影响酶制剂效果的重要因素。在早期断奶仔猪日粮中应用酶制剂,应根据饲料加工过程中的温度。选择酶制剂的适宜剂型和添加工艺;应避免在日粮中添加高铜、高锌或高铜和高锌联合使用,日粮中铜的添加量以15～30mg/kg为宜,锌的用量应不超过100mg/kg,最好使用有机铜和有机锌,其用量可在原来的基础上下降10%～15%。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.