猪Toll样受体9基因的克隆、序列分析及其结构预测

本研究应用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)扩增技术,从猪脾脏淋巴细胞中,克隆了猪Toll样受体9基因(pTLR9).基因序列分析表明,克隆的pTLR9基因ORF为3 093 bp,编码1 030个氨基酸,含18.5%的亮氨酸,含有24个氨基酸的信号肤序列,属于Ⅰ型跨膜受体,具有富含亮氨酸的重复序列(LRR)和Toll/IL-1R同源区结构域;与GenBank上登载的pTLR9参考序列(AY859728)的同源性为99.3%,与牛、马、羊和人的同源性较高,与家鼠、褐鼠的次之,TLR9的演化关系与亲缘关系密切.     

Molecular cloning,chromosomal localization and expression pattern of porcine ADP‐ribosylation factor(Arf) gene family

Adenosine diphosphate‐ribosylation factors (Arfs) are a family of guanosine triphosphate‐binding proteins involved in fundamental biological processes including secretion, endocytosis, phagocytosis, cytokinesis, cell adhesion and tumor cell invasion. We report here the molecular cloning, chromosome localization and expression analysis of porcine Arf1–6, of which Arf1–3 (Class I) have >93% similarity to each other and encode nearly similar proteins with 181 amino acids in length. Arf4 and Arf5 (Class II) are 78–81% homologous to Class I Arfs and both encode a protein of 180 amino acids, Arf6 (Class III) shows 64–68% homology to the other Arfs and encodes 175 amino acids. With radiation hybrid mapping, porcine Arf1–6 are assigned to chromosomes 14q21‐q22, 12p14, 5p12‐q11, 13q21.1, 18q24, 1q21‐q27, respectively. Moreover, real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR assays show that porcine Arf1‐6 are ubiquitous in all tissues examined, with the highest levels in the kidney and stomach and the lowest in muscle and the heart. This is the first report of molecular characterization of the Arf gene family in pigs.     

猪白细胞介素-4基因的克隆与表达

利用RT-PCR技术,从被刺激诱导的PBMC中克隆IL-4基因,序列分析表明:克隆的猪IL-4基因序列与GenBank上登录的IL-4基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为99%和97.8%.然后用表达型引物从T载体上扩增IL-4基因,双酶切PCR产物后与表达载体pGEX连接,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-IL-4,用IPTG诱导表达,表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析表明,表达出38 ku融合蛋白,占菌体总蛋白的30%以上,并且以包涵体的形式存在,这为猪重组IL-4规模化生产和疫苗佐剂的研制奠定了基础.     

猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型修饰Cap蛋白基因的原核表达及纯化

目的：本研究基于原核表达系统表达猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型（PCV-2）Cap蛋白。方法：PCV-2 ORF2基因编码的Cap蛋白含有能产生免疫反应的多个抗原表位,本研究针对Cap蛋白基因设计引物,去掉核定位信号肽的核苷酸序列克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a（＋）中,筛选重组菌并进行原核表达、鉴定及纯化。结果：纯化后的修饰Cap蛋白是能够与猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型的阳性血清发生特异性反应。结论：表达的重组修饰Cap蛋白可以作为标准抗原蛋白用于PCV-2的检测。     

The expression pattern,polymorphisms and association analyses of the porcine NREP gene

NREP (neuronal regeneration related protein homolog) plays a role in the transformation of neural, muscle, and fibroblast cells and in smooth muscle myogenesis. The NREP gene was selected for detailed study as an expressional and functional candidate gene on the basis of data from the expression microarray, which detected the differences in gene expression between Czech Large White pigs and wild boars in the longissimus lumborum et thoracis and biceps femoris muscle tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR results confirmed that porcine NREP was expressed in both skeletal muscles and significantly overexpressed in Czech Large White pigs compared with wild boars (14.5- and 11.6-fold; p < .05). We identified 9 polymorphic sites in the genomic DNA of NREP. Six of these polymorphisms were in complete linkage disequilibrium, and therefore, only 4 loci were informative. The associations of the HF571253:g.103G>A, HF571253:g.134G>A, HF571253:g.179T>C and HF571253:g.402_409delT polymorphisms with backfat thickness, lean meat content and average daily gain were assessed in Czech Large White pigs. The GG genotypes HF571253:g.103G>A and HF571253:g.134G>A, the TT genotypes HF571253:g.179T>C and 67 HF571253:g.402_409delT genotypes had favourable effects on the studied traits. Our results indicate the possibility of utilizing the variability of the NREP gene in marker-assisted selection in order to improve meat production in pigs.     

猪流行性腹泻病毒的分子生物学特性以及胰酶对其作用机理

猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)在体外分离培养需依赖胰酶,目前胰酶对猪流行性腹泻病毒的作用机理尚未完全清晰,文中从分子生物学方面阐述胰酶对猪流行性腹泻病毒的作用。     

猪BST-2全基因克隆、真核表达载体构建及组织表达谱分析

为研究猪BST-2基因的生物学功能,用特异性的引物扩增猪BST-2基因,并利用生物信息学软件对猪BST-2基因及氨基酸进行分子特性分析,同时进行了猪BST-2蛋白的真核表达及组织表达谱分析。结果表明:猪BST-2基因全长851bp,其中5′-UTR为23bp,3′-UTR为294bp,CDS区为534bp,编码177个氨基酸,猪源BST-2蛋白氨基酸序列与大猩猩、仓鼠、家鼠、驴、猫、牛、猕猴、绵羊、人BST-2蛋白氨基酸序列同源性分别为46.1%,41.7%,39.5%,35.4%,42.0%,40.5%,44.4%,38.7%,46.8%。含有2个跨膜结构(27~49aa和154~176aa),2个潜在的糖基化位点,14个潜在的磷酸化位点,包含磷酸激酶ATM、CKⅡ、PKA、PKC的结合位点。构建真核质粒并转染发现猪BST-2蛋白能够在Vero细胞内正确表达。半定量PCR检测发现BST-2基因在所有组织中均有表达,尤其是在免疫组织及器官(淋巴结、胸腺、扁桃体、脾)、大肠、小肠中的表达量较高。本试验为今后进一步分析验证猪BST-2蛋白的抗病毒机制奠定了基础。     

Associations between genetics, farm characteristics and clinical disease in field outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease of domestic swine characterized by exceptionally high clinical variability. This study addresses the question of whether clinical variability in PRRS results from (a) genetic variation among viral isolates and/or (b) variation in management practices among farms on which isolates are found. Genetic data (open reading frame 5 gene sequences) and data on farm characteristics and associated clinical disease signs were collected for 62 PRRS virus (PRRSV) field isolates, representing 52 farms. Clinical disease signs were interrelated — confirming that a true reproductive syndrome exists (involving abortions, infertility in sows, deaths of sows and preweaning mortality).

Pairs of farms experiencing deaths in their sow populations also tended to share viral isolates which were more similar to one another than expected by chance alone. This implies that sow death (one of the more-severe manifestations of PRRS) is under genetic influence. Large herd size was a significant risk factor for the death of sows and for respiratory disease in nursery pigs. All-in–all-out management practices in the nursery were protective against reproductive signs in the sow herd. All-in–all-out management practices in the finishing stages of production were protective against respiratory disease in nursery pigs — but were paradoxically associated with an increased risk of infertility in sows. These results suggest that farm-management practices can also influence which PRRS clinical signs are manifested during an outbreak. In general, signs associated with PRRS appear to result from a combination of genetic factors and herd-management characteristics. The relative contributions of these two influences differ depending on the specific clinical sign in question.     

猪巨细胞病毒GX株gB基因的克隆与序列分析

从广西病猪的肺组织中分离到猪巨细胞病毒GX株,通过PCR扩增得到猪巨细胞病毒GX株gB基因的一个1736bp片段,扩增产物经克隆、测序,得到的核苷酸序列与GenBank上已发表的猪巨细胞病毒其他分离株的核苷酸序列相比,其同源性在97.8%～98.9%,与人巨细胞病毒分离株的同源性在32.0%～43.6%,表明gB基因在同种动物间比较保守。在系统进化树中,GX株与其他猪巨化细胞病毒株亲缘关系较近,属于同一个分支,而与人巨化细胞病毒差异较大。     

猪细小病毒PPV-SD1株VP2全基因的克隆及原核表达

为研究猪细小病毒PPV-SD1分离株的VP2蛋白的结构与功能,自行设计引物,通过PCR扩增的方法,获得VP2全基因,克隆到pMD18-T载体中进行测序,然后亚克隆到pET30a(+)表达载体中,构建并筛选出阳性重组子,标记为pET30a-VP2。将阳性重组质粒转化进RosettaTM宿主菌中,通过改变IPTG浓度、诱导温度和诱导时间,使重组蛋白获得表达,并确定最佳诱导条件为:IPTG终浓度1.0 mmol/L、诱导温度37℃、诱导时间为3~4 h。经SDS-PAGE和Western-blotting分析表明该重组蛋白相对分子量约为68 ku,具有良好的免疫学活性。     

猪圆环病毒Ⅰ型ORF1基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

根据GenBank中猪圆环病毒Ⅰ型（PCV1）ORF1基因序列,设计合成了1对引物,对PCV1 ORF1基因进行PCR扩增,将扩增出的ORF1基因（939 bp）克隆入pMD18-T载体,将筛选获得的重组质粒命名为pMD-ORF1。测序分析表明,克隆的ORF1与广东分离株DQ659154的核苷酸序列同源性高达99.6%,推导的氨基酸序列同源性为99.4%。将ORF1双酶切产物插入原核表达载体pET-41a,得到的重组子命名为pET-ORF1。用IPTG进行诱导表达,收集菌液进行SDS-PAGE和Western-blot分析,结果表明,PCV1ORF1在pET-41a中获得了高效融合表达,其表达蛋白的分子质量约为67.6 ku。     

广西高致病性 PRRSV Nsp2基因的克隆、序列分析和抗原表位预测

根据猪繁殖与吸吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)VR2332 Nsp2基因序列合成特异性引物,对广西分离的高致病性PRRSV进行RT-PCR扩增,将扩增出的796 bp片段插入pMD18-T载体中进行序列测定和分析,并用DNA Star软件对Nsp2基因推导的氨基酸序列进行了表位分析。结果显示,广西3个县、市的PRRSV分离株Nsp2基因第483位和第532位~第560位氨基酸发生缺失,核苷酸序列之间的同源性为97.0%~97.4%,推导编码的氨基酸序列之间的同源性为93.6%~94.7%;与PRRSV VR2332株、MLV株和CH-1a株核苷酸之间的同源性分别为79.0%~79.2%、78.8%~78.9%和88.2%~89.3%;氨基酸之间的同源性分别为59.4%~60.2%、59.4%~60.2%和70.9%~81.6%,表明广西3个县、市的PRRSV分离株Nsp2基因与VR2332株、MLV株和CH-1a株比较变异较大。表位分析表明,由于博白株的Nsp2基因的第532位~560位氨基酸的缺失,与VR2332株比较,其亲水性、抗原指数均发生了大的变化。     

猪圆环病毒2型吉林地方株ORF2基因的克隆、测序及其在原核细胞中的表达

根据GenBank中发表的猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）ORF2基因序列，设计合成1对特异性引物，用PCR方法从接种PCV2吉林株（JL01）PK-15细胞中，扩增出PCV2毒株的ORF2基因。将扩增片段克隆于pMD18-T载体，进行序列测定。结果表明，PCV2JL01毒株的ORF2基因核苷酸长度为702bp。将重组质粒用Sal Ⅰ和Xho Ⅰ酶切后与同样处理的pET-32a载体连接，转化BL21细胞后，挑取阳性克隆。经PCR和酶切鉴定后，用IPTG诱导，细菌裂解液经SDS—PAGE和Western—blot分析，表明ORF2基因在大肠杆菌中得到了表达，并能被PCV2阳性血清所识别。     

野桑蚕钠离子通道蛋白基因Bmmpara的克隆与选择性剪接

昆虫的钠离子通道蛋白是许多神经毒性药物的作用靶标。根据家蚕钠离子通道蛋白基因(GenBank登录号:EU688970)序列设计引物,分段RT-PCR克隆了野桑蚕钠离子通道蛋白基因Bmmpara(GenBank登录号:EU688972)。序列分析表明,Bmmpara基因的cDNA长5553bp,编码1851个氨基酸,与家蚕基因组序列比对,存在34个外显子,其中第2、22、27外显子存在选择性剪接。根据Bmmpara序列和家蚕基因组序列设计引物,采用PCR方法克隆到3段野桑蚕基因组序列,长度分别为1632、536和3220bp。进一步将Bmmpara编码氨基酸序列与野桑蚕基因组比对,发现有a(ENDLGRTKKKK)、b(GL-KAALCGRCVSS)、c(SLINFVAALCGAGGIQAFKTMRTLRALRPLRAMSRMQGMRV)3个选择性微外元,可能存在6种选择性剪接,构成野桑蚕钠离子通道蛋白不同亚型。     

猪细小病毒SC-1株VP2基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

根据PPVNADL-2株基因组序列设计了一对引物,以复制型DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增出长约2.0kb的DNA片段,将其插入克隆载体质粒pUC19,构建重组质粒pPVP2,测序显示PPV-SC-1VP2基因全长1740bp,共编码579个氨基酸。多序列比对结果显示,猪细小病毒VP2基因保守性强,仅存在个别的差异;密码子偏向性分析结果表明,PPV-SC-1VP2基因在同一氨基酸的不同密码子的选择上存在一定的偏向性,并且与PPV-SC-1NS1在密码子的偏向性上具有相同的属性,主要偏向于使用以A结尾的密码子;氨基酸疏水性分析表明,PPV-SC-1VP2蛋白在77~82、291~304、362~373、400~411、465~477等位点存在较明显的亲水区段;跨膜区结构分析显示该蛋白不存在显著意义的跨膜区;分析该蛋白的抗原位点可能位于60~68、81~88、266~275、351~357、398~404位点处。     

牛抵抗素基因的克隆及原核表达

从健康新生牛大网膜脂肪组织中提取总RNA,根据已发表的牛Resistin mRNA序列设计、合成引物,通过RT-PCR进行cDNA扩增,获得了343 bp的片段。将该片段克隆于pMD18-T载体后进行序列分析,确认PCR产物为牛Resistin cDNA。从阳性克隆中提取质粒,经BamHⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切,回收343 bp的目的片段,定向克隆到pGEX-6P-1表达载体中,提取质粒并再次转化到BL21(DE3)中,成功地筛选出阳性克隆。经IPTG诱导阳性菌,通过SDS-PAGE检测出牛的Resistin基因的表达。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒SCMS株MN蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank中登录的美洲株ATCC VR-2332的MN蛋白基因序列,利用Oligo6.0设计一对特异性引物,以抽提的PRRSV-SCMS病毒感染细胞总RNA为模板,RT-PCR扩增出长约1.0 kb的基因片段,将其克隆入pMD 18-T载体,测序结果显示SCMS MN基因全长886 bp,包含完整的MN基因的开放阅读框,共编码297个氨基酸。PRRSV-SCMS MN基因序列与VR2332和LV株进行同源性分析结果显示,PRRSV-SCMS与VR2332和LV株之间的核苷酸序列同源性分别为99.7%和61.6%,根据M基因推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别为98.9%和78.7%,根据N基因推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别为100%和52.8%。结果表明,SCMS地方分离株与VR2332株在基因型上具有更近的亲缘关系,推测本次分离的PRRSV属于美洲型。     

Regulating effects of porcine interleukin-6 gene and CpG motifs on immune responses to porcine trivalent vaccines in mice

In order to develop novel immunoadjuvants to boost immune response of conventional vaccines, experiments were conducted to investigate the regulating effects of porcine interleukin-6 gene and CpG motifs as the molecular adjuvants on immune responses of mice that were co-inoculated with trivalent vaccines against Swine fever, the Pasteurellosis and Erysipelas suis. Synthetic oligodeoxynuleotides containing CpG motifs were ligated into pUC18, forming recombinant pUC18-CpG plasmid. Eukaryotic plasmid expressing porcine interleukin-6 (VPIL-6) were also constructed as molecular adjuvants in an attempt to enhance levels of immune responses of mice co-administered with the trivalent vaccines in this paper. The cellular and humoral immune responses of mice were systematically analysed, and the experimental results were observed that the number of white blood cells, monocytes, granuloytes and lymphocytes significantly increased, respectively, in the mice immunized with VPIL-6, compared with those of the control; the IgG content and titre of specific antibodies to the trivalent vaccine mounted remarkably in the sera from the VPIL-6 vaccinated mice; the proliferation of lymphocytes and induced IL-2 activities were significantly increased in the vaccinated groups. The above-mentioned immune responses of mice co-inoculated with pUC18-CpG plasmid were significantly stronger than those of co-inoculated with pUC18 plasmid, suggesting that the immunostimulatory effect of oligodeoxynuleotides CpG is closely connected with the number of CpG motifs. These results suggest that the porcine IL-6 gene and CpG motifs could be employed as effective immunoadjuvants to elevate immunity to conventional vaccines.